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Wu R, Zhang B, He M, Kang Y, Zhang G. MicroRNA biomarkers and their use in evaluating the prognosis of lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:16753-16761. [PMID: 37728700 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05404-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aim to use the microRNA (miRNA, micro-ribonucleic acid) data of lung cancer tissues to establish a miRNA biomarker database for lung cancer that can be used for marker screening and analysis of lung cancer prognosis. METHODS We obtained lung cancer-related data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and analyzed the miRNA expression profiles of lung cancer tissues and normal tissues using bioinformatics techniques to develop a new composite miRNA-based model for the prognostic assessment of lung cancer. The predictive power of this model was verified and evaluated based on grouping of data. We also performed RT-qPCR using lung cancer tissues from patients diagnosed with lung cancer. RESULTS There was a significant difference between the miRNA expression profiles of lung cancer tissues and normal tissues adjacent to the cancerous lesions. The prognostic survival of patients with lung cancer was closely related to onset age and staging (p = 0.012) but was not related to gender (p = 0.39) and race (p = 0.51). Using three methods of survival model construction, we identified three miRNA composites, namely hsa-mir-21, hsa-mir-141, and has-mir-490, as markers for the prognosis of lung cancer. As confirmed by RT-qPCR, the expressions of hsa-miR-21-5p and hsa-miR-141-5p were upregulated, whereas hsa-miR-490-3p expression was downregulated in lung cancer lesion tissues. CONCLUSION The three miRNA composites identified, namely hsa-mir-21, hsa-mir-141, and hsa-mir-490, have the potential to serve as novel prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Wu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Fifth Clinical Medical College of ShanXi Medical University, No. 29 Shuangta East Street, Yingze District, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Bohan Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mengju He
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yani Kang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Gong Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Fifth Clinical Medical College of ShanXi Medical University, No. 29 Shuangta East Street, Yingze District, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China.
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2
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Izdebska WM, Daniluk J, Niklinski J. Microbiome and MicroRNA or Long Non-Coding RNA-Two Modern Approaches to Understanding Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5643. [PMID: 37685710 PMCID: PMC10488817 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of humans' most common and fatal neoplasms. Nowadays, a number of PDAC studies are being conducted in two different fields: non-coding RNA (especially microRNA and long non-coding RNA) and microbiota. It has been recently discovered that not only does miRNA affect particular bacteria in the gut microbiome that can promote carcinogenesis in the pancreas, but the microbiome also has a visible impact on the miRNA. This suggests that it is possible to use the combined impact of the microbiome and noncoding RNA to suppress the development of PDAC. Nevertheless, insufficient research has focused on bounding both approaches to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. In this article, we summarize the recent literature on the molecular basis of carcinogenesis in the pancreas, the two-sided impact of particular types of non-coding RNA and the pancreatic cancer microbiome, and possible medical implications of the discovered phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Maria Izdebska
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Daniluk
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jacek Niklinski
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
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3
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Vannini I, Rossi T, Melloni M, Valgiusti M, Urbini M, Passardi A, Bartolini G, Gallio C, Azzali I, Bandini S, Ancarani V, Montanaro L, Frassineti GL, Fabbri F, Rapposelli IG. Analysis of EVs from patients with advanced pancreatic cancer identifies antigens and miRNAs with predictive value. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 29:473-482. [PMID: 37273899 PMCID: PMC10238807 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The identification of predictive factors for treatment of pancreatic cancer (PC) is an unmet clinical need. In the present work, we analyzed blood-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) from patients with advanced PC in order to find a molecular signature predictive of response to therapy. We analyzed samples from 21 patients with advanced PC, all receiving first-line treatment with gemcitabine + nab-paclitaxel. Isolated EVs have been analyzed, and the results of laboratory have been matched with clinical data in order to investigate possible predictive factors. EV concentration and size were similar between responder and non-responder patients. Analysis of 37 EV surface epitopes showed a decreased expression of SSEA4 and CD81 in responder patients. We detected more than 450 expressed miRNAs in EVs. A comparative survey between responder and non-responder patients showed that at least 44 miRNAs were differently expressed. Some of these miRNAs have already been observed in relation to the survival and gemcitabine sensitivity of tumor cells. In conclusion, we showed the ability of our approach to identify EV-derived biomarkers with predictive value for therapy response in PC. Our findings are worthy of further investigation, including the analysis of samples from patients treated with different schedules and in different settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Vannini
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Tania Rossi
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Mattia Melloni
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Valgiusti
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Milena Urbini
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Alessandro Passardi
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Giulia Bartolini
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Chiara Gallio
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Irene Azzali
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Sara Bandini
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Valentina Ancarani
- Immunotherapy-Cell Therapy and Biobank Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Montanaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Departmental Program in Laboratory Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luca Frassineti
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Francesco Fabbri
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Ilario Giovanni Rapposelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
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Rahim NS, Wu YS, Sim MS, Velaga A, Bonam SR, Gopinath SCB, Subramaniyan V, Choy KW, Teow SY, Fareez IM, Samudi C, Sekaran SD, Sekar M, Guad RM. Three Members of Transmembrane-4-Superfamily, TM4SF1, TM4SF4, and TM4SF5, as Emerging Anticancer Molecular Targets against Cancer Phenotypes and Chemoresistance. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16010110. [PMID: 36678607 PMCID: PMC9867095 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
There are six members of the transmembrane 4 superfamily (TM4SF) that have similar topology and sequence homology. Physiologically, they regulate tissue differentiation, signal transduction pathways, cellular activation, proliferation, motility, adhesion, and angiogenesis. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated, among six TM4SF members, the regulatory roles of transmembrane 4 L6 domain family members, particularly TM4SF1, TM4SF4, and TM4SF5, in cancer angiogenesis, progression, and chemoresistance. Hence, targeting derailed TM4SF for cancer therapy has become an emerging research area. As compared to others, this review aimed to present a focused insight and update on the biological roles of TM4SF1, TM4SF4, and TM4SF5 in the progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance of various cancers. Additionally, the mechanistic pathways, diagnostic and prognostic values, and the potential and efficacy of current anti-TM4SF antibody treatment were also deciphered. It also recommended the exploration of other interactive molecules to be implicated in cancer progression and chemoresistance, as well as potential therapeutic agents targeting TM4SF as future perspectives. Generally, these three TM4SF members interact with different integrins and receptors to significantly induce intracellular signaling and regulate the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cancer cells. Intriguingly, gene silencing or anti-TM4SF antibody could reverse their regulatory roles deciphered in different preclinical models. They also have prognostic and diagnostic value as their high expression was detected in clinical tissues and cells of various cancers. Hence, TM4SF1, TM4SF4, and TM4SF5 are promising therapeutic targets for different cancer types preclinically and deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Syafiqah Rahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perlis Branch, Arau Campus, Arau 02600, Malaysia
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor Branch, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia
| | - Yuan Seng Wu
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya 47500, Malaysia
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya 47500, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (Y.S.W.); (R.M.G.)
| | - Maw Shin Sim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Appalaraju Velaga
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Malaysia
| | - Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Subash C. B. Gopinath
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Malaysia
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar 01000, Malaysia
- Micro System Technology, Centre of Excellence (CoE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Campus, Arau 02600, Malaysia
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Malaysia
| | - Ker Woon Choy
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 47000, Malaysia
| | - Sin-Yeang Teow
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Quhai, Wenzhou 325060, China
| | - Ismail M. Fareez
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor Branch, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia
- School of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Branch, Shah Alam Campus, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Chandramathi Samudi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Shamala Devi Sekaran
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh 30450, Malaysia
| | - Rhanye Mac Guad
- Department of Biomedical Science and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (Y.S.W.); (R.M.G.)
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5
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Qin X, Chen Y, Ma S, Shen L, Ju S. Immune-related gene TM4SF18 could promote the metastasis of gastric cancer cells and predict the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:4043-4059. [PMID: 36209368 PMCID: PMC9718113 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world, and the search for better markers has become one of the challenges today. It has been found that the L6 superfamily regulates the biological functions of numerous tumors, but transmembrane 4 L six family member 18 (TM4SF18) has been rarely reported. We found that TM4SF18 expression is upregulated in GC tissues and cells, which can be effectively diagnosed and dynamically monitored to assess the prognosis of GC patients. Furthermore, knockdown of TM4SF18 effectively inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells, and affected the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process. TM4SF18 was found to be an independent prognostic factor for GC by univariate and multifactorial Cox analyses as well as by establishing nomogram plots. In addition, in TM4SF18 and immune correlation analysis, TM4SF18 expression levels were found to be negatively correlated with most immune cell marker genes and associated with numerous immune cells and immune pathways, resulting in less benefit from treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors. In summary, we found that TM4SF18 is a promising GC biomarker that promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of GC cells, and is associated with immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Qin
- Department of Laboratory MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong UniversityChina,Research Center of Clinical MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityChina
| | - Yinhao Chen
- Research Center of Clinical MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityChina
| | - Shuo Ma
- Department of Laboratory MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong UniversityChina,Research Center of Clinical MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityChina,Medical School of Southeast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of Laboratory MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong UniversityChina,Research Center of Clinical MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityChina
| | - Shaoqing Ju
- Department of Laboratory MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong UniversityChina
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Akin M, Bekmezci M, Bayat R, Coguplugil ZK, Sen F, Karimi F, Karimi-Maleh H. Mobile device integrated graphene oxide quantum dots based electrochemical biosensor design for detection of miR-141 as a pancreatic cancer biomarker. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Klicka K, Grzywa TM, Mielniczuk A, Klinke A, Włodarski PK. The role of miR-200 family in the regulation of hallmarks of cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:965231. [PMID: 36158660 PMCID: PMC9492973 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.965231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MiRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally contributing to the development of different diseases including cancer. The miR-200 family consists of five members, miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c, miR-141, and miR-429. Their expression is dysregulated in cancer tissue and their level is altered in the body fluids of cancer patients. Moreover, the levels of miR-200 family members correlate with clinical parameters such as cancer patients' survival which makes them potentially useful as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. MiRNAs can act as either oncomiRs or tumor suppressor miRNAs depending on the target genes and their role in the regulation of key oncogenic signaling pathways. In most types of cancer, the miR-200 family acts as tumor suppressor miRNA and regulates all features of cancer. In this review, we summarized the expression pattern of the miR-200 family in different types of cancer and their potential utility as biomarkers. Moreover, we comprehensively described the role of miR-200 family members in the regulation of all hallmarks of cancer proposed by Hanahan and Weinberg with the focus on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasiveness, and metastasis of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Klicka
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz M. Grzywa
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Alicja Klinke
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Zhao Q, Li W, Pan W, Wang Z. CircRNA 010567 plays a significant role in myocardial infarction via the regulation of the miRNA-141/DAPK1 axis. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:2447-2459. [PMID: 34012592 PMCID: PMC8107568 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-21-212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Myocardial infarction (MI), caused by temporary or permanent coronary artery occlusion, poses a serious threat to patients’ lives. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a new kind of endogenous noncoding RNAs, have been widely studied recently. This study was designed to illustrate and potential molecular mechanisms of circRNA 010567 in hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte injury in vitro, so as to provide new strategies for the therapy of MI. Methods H9c2 cells were cultured in anoxic conditions with 94% N2, 5% CO2, and 1% O2 to establish the in vitro MI model. Cell viability and apoptosis were checked using MTT and flow cytometry assay, respectively, Moreover, the levels of circRNA 010567, miR-141, and DAPK1 was determined using qRT-PCR. The putative targets of circRNA 010567 and miR-141 were confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter system and the RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. The release of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and the viability of mitochondria were detected using assay kits. Results The current study revealed that circRNA 010567 and DAPK1 were over-expressed, and miR-141 was low-expressed in hypoxia-induced MI. circRNA 010567 sponges miR-141 and DAPK1 was a direct target of miR-141. Mechanistic investigations revealed that circRNA 010567-siRNA impaired the release of CK-MB and cTnI, and promoted the viability of mitochondria in hypoxia-induced H9c2 cells, while these findings were reversed by the miR-141 inhibitor. In addition, the miR-141 mimic markedly reduced the release of CK-MB and cTnI, and promoted the viability of mitochondria, and these results were reversed by the DAPK1-plasmid. Subsequently, functional experiments revealed that hypoxia-stimulated decreases in H9c2 cell viability, as well as increases in apoptosis and caspase-3 activity, were induced by the miR-141 mimic and circRNA 010567-siRNA. However, these results were reversed by the miR-141 inhibitor and DAPK1-plasmid. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that circRNA 010567-siRNA played a protective role in hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte damage via regulating the miR-141/DAPK1 axis, indicating that circRNA 010567-siRNA may be a promising target for MI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinge Zhao
- Department of Emergency, PLA Joint Service Support Force 983rd Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Weichao Li
- Department of Emergency, PLA Joint Service Support Force 983rd Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Emergency, PLA Joint Service Support Force 983rd Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziyao Wang
- Tianjin Garrison No. 3 Retirement Station, Tianjin, China
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Faheem A, Rehman K, Jabeen K, Akash MSH. Nicotine-mediated upregulation of microRNA-141 expression determines adipokine-intervened insulin resistance. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 80:103506. [PMID: 33002592 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that are associated with adipokine homeostasis and insulin resistance. Whereas, smoking can disturb metabolic homeostasis. Present study was aimed to investigate the level of miRNA-141 in experimental animal model that were exposed with graded doses of nicotine. We further aimed to investigate the possible interplay of miRNA-141 expression change with adipokine homeostasis and occurrence of insulin resistance in nicotine-exposed experimental animals. Nicotine (0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 6.0 mg/Kg) was administered to early adolescent; postnatal days ranging from 25 to 30 Wistar rats for one month. Serum was analyzed for leptin, adipokines, IL-6, MDA, HbA1c, insulin, G6PDH, hexokinase, and lipid profile. While miRNA-141 expression level was determined in plasma. Higher doses of nicotine were associated with higher glucose, HbA1c, leptin, IL-6, MDA and lipids levels, while, insulin, adiponectin, G6PDH, hexokinase and HDL levels were lower. Higher doses of nicotine also impaired glucose tolerance and exhibited significant increase in miR-141 expression signifying that nicotine exposure may influence adipokines regulation altering glycemic profile. This is accompanied with aggravated inflammatory responses where genetic expression of miRNA-141 can be an accessible biomarker for metabolic disturbances with insulin resistance and glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Faheem
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Rehman
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Komal Jabeen
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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10
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Huang WK, Yeh CN. The Emerging Role of MicroRNAs in Regulating the Drug Response of Cholangiocarcinoma. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101396. [PMID: 33007962 PMCID: PMC7600158 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the most common biliary malignancy, and has a poor prognosis. The median overall survival with the standard-of-care chemotherapy (Gemcitabine and cisplatin) in patients with advanced-stage CCA is less than one year. The limited efficacy of chemotherapy or targeted therapy remains a major obstacle to improving survival. The mechanisms involved in drug resistance are complex. Research efforts focusing on the distinct molecular mechanisms underlying drug resistance should prompt the development of treatment strategies that overcome chemoresistance or targeted drug resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of evolutionarily conserved, short noncoding RNAs regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Dysregulated miRNAs have been shown to participate in almost all CCA hallmarks, including cell proliferation, migration and invasion, apoptosis, and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Emerging evidence demonstrates that miRNAs play a role in regulating responses to chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Herein, we present an overview of the current knowledge on the miRNA-mediated regulatory mechanisms underlying drug resistance among CCA. We also discuss the application of miRNA-based therapeutics to CCA, providing the basis for innovative treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Kuan Huang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- Department of Surgery and Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3281200
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11
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Fu F, Yang X, Zheng M, Zhao Q, Zhang K, Li Z, Zhang H, Zhang S. Role of Transmembrane 4 L Six Family 1 in the Development and Progression of Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:202. [PMID: 33015133 PMCID: PMC7461813 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane 4 L six family 1 (TM4SF1) is a protein with four transmembrane domains that belongs to the transmembrane 4 L six family members (TM4SFs). Structurally, TM4SF1 consists of four transmembrane domains (TM1–4), N- and C-terminal intracellular domains, two extracellular domains, a smaller domain between TM1 and TM2, and a larger domain between TM3 and TM4. Within the cell, TM4SF1 is located at the cell surface where it transmits extracellular signals into the cytoplasm. TM4SF1 interacts with tetraspanins, integrin, receptor tyrosine kinases, and other proteins to form tetraspanin-enriched microdomains. This interaction affects the pro-migratory activity of the cells, and thus it plays important roles in the development and progression of cancer. TM4SF1 has been shown to be overexpressed in many malignant tumors, including gliomas; malignant melanomas; and liver, prostate, breast, pancreatic, bladder, colon, lung, gastric, ovarian, and thyroid cancers. TM4SF1 promotes the migration and invasion of cancer cells by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition, self-renewal ability, tumor angiogenesis, invadopodia formation, and regulating the related signaling pathway. TM4SF1 is an independent prognostic indicator and biomarker in several cancers. It also promotes drug resistance, which is a major cause of therapeutic failure. These characteristics make TM4SF1 an attractive target for antibody-based immunotherapy. Here, we review the many functions of TM4SF1 in malignant tumors, with the aim to understand the interaction between its expression and the biological behaviors of cancer and to supply a basis for exploring new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangmei Fu
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xudong Yang
- Tianjin Rehabilitation Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Minying Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zugui Li
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
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12
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Xu M, Sun J, Yu Y, Pang Q, Lin X, Barakat M, Lei R, Xu J. TM4SF1 involves in miR-1-3p/miR-214-5p-mediated inhibition of the migration and proliferation in keloid by regulating AKT/ERK signaling. Life Sci 2020; 254:117746. [PMID: 32376266 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Transmembrane 4 L six family member 1 (TM4SF1) is a small plasma membrane glycoprotein that is highly expressed in cancers. However, the role of TM4SF1 that plays in keloids remains unknown. We investigated the expression, function and the microRNA (miRNA) regulatory network of TM4SF1 in keloids. MAIN METHODS Small interfering RNAs and lentivirus were used to alter the expression of TM4SF1 in fibroblasts. Dual-luciferase reporter assays were applied to determine the miRNA targets. Immunohistochemistry, western blotting, qRT-PCR, wound healing assays, Transwell assays, cell count kit-8 assays and flow cytometry were also employed in this study. KEY FINDINGS TM4SF1 was frequently upregulated in human keloid fibroblasts (HKFs) compared with human normal skin fibroblasts (HSFs). The downregulation of TM4SF1 significantly inhibited proliferation and migration, and induced apoptosis in HKFs. Furthermore, si-TM4SF1 inhibited the AKT/ERK signaling. Meanwhile, the upregulation of TM4SF1 promoted proliferation, migration and the activation of AKT/ERK signaling in human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF-1). Moreover, TM4SF1 can be regulated by miRNAs, which have been validated to play important roles in keloids by posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. After screening, we found miR-1-3p and miR-214-5p targeted TM4SF1, inhibited TM4SF1 expression, cell proliferation, migration, and induced apoptosis in HKFs. And the level of miR-1-3p and miR-214-5p were found lower in HKFs than in HSFs. SIGNIFICANCE Our study demonstrates a novel regulatory mechanism by which miR-1-3p, miR-214-5p, and TM4SF1 are involved in proliferation, cell motility, and apoptosis, suggesting that they may be potential targets in therapies for keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yijia Yu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Pang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohu Lin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - May Barakat
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Rui Lei
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinghong Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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13
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Gong R, Jiang Y. Non-coding RNAs in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:309. [PMID: 32257946 PMCID: PMC7089935 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are reported to be expressed in human cancers, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). These ncRNAs affect the growth, migration and invasion of tumor cells by regulating cell cycle and apoptosis, as well as playing important roles in epigenetic processes, transcription and post-transcriptional regulation. It is still unclear whether alterations in ncRNAs influence PDAC development and progression. Because of this, analysis based on existing data on ncRNAs, which are crucial for modulating pancreatic tumorigenesis, will be important for future research on PDAC. Here, we summarize ncRNAs with tumor-promoting functions: HOTAIR, HOTTIP, MALAT1, lncRNA H19, lncRNA PVT1, circ-RNA ciRS-7, circ-0030235, circ-RNA_100782, circ-LDLRAD3, circ-0007534, circRHOT1, circZMYM2, circ-IARS, circ-RNA PDE8A, miR-21, miR-155, miR-221/222, miR-196b, miR-10a. While others including GAS5, MEG3, and lncRNA ENST00000480739, has_circ_0001649, miR-34a, miR-100, miR-217, miR-143 inhibit the proliferation and invasion of PDAC. Hence, we summarize the functions of ncRNAs in the occurrence, development and metastasis of PDAC, with the goal to provide guidance in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruining Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yueping Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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14
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Xu D, Yang F, Wu K, Xu X, Zeng K, An Y, Xu F, Xun J, Lv X, Zhang X, Yang X, Xu L. Lost miR-141 and upregulated TM4SF1 expressions associate with poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer: regulation of EMT and angiogenesis by miR-141 and TM4SF1 via AKT. Cancer Biol Ther 2020; 21:354-363. [PMID: 31906774 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2019.1702401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Transmembrane-4-L-six-family-1 (TM4SF1) functions to regulate cell growth and mobility and TM4SF1 expression was upregulated in pancreatic cancer. This study further investigated the role of TM4SF1 in regulating pancreatic cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis and the underlying molecular events.Methods: Tissue specimens were collected from 90 pancreatic cancer patients for immunohistochemical and qRT-PCR analysis of miR-141 and TM4SF1 levels, respectively. Pancreatic cancer cell lines were used for in vitro assays, while nude mice were used for the in vivo assay.Results: TM4SF1 expression was upregulated, whereas miR-141 expression was lost in pancreatic cancer tissues, both of which was associated with advanced clinicopathological features and poor survival of pancreatic cancer patients. Furthermore, miR-141 was able to target and reduce TM4SF1 expression in pancreatic cancer cells and miR-141 expression inhibited pancreatic cancer cell EMT in vitro and Matrigel plug angiogenesis and lung metastasis in nude mice. At the gene level, miR-141 directly targeted and reduced TM4SF1 expression and in turn induced E-cadherin expression and reduced VEGF-A expression by suppressing activation of the AKT signaling pathway.Conclusions: This study demonstrated that upregulated TM4SF1 and lost miR-141 expression were associated with advanced clinicopathological features and poor survival of pancreatic cancer patients. Lost miR-141 expression but induced TM4SF1 expression altered expression of VEGF-A and E-cadherin and promoted pancreatic cancer cell EMT and angiogenesis via the AKT signaling pathway, suggesting that targeting of miR-141 and TM4SF1 may be a potential therapeutic strategy to control pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Gaochun People's Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Gaochun People's Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kangjian Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinxing Xu
- Department of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong An
- Department of Hepatopancreato-Biliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fubao Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Gaochun People's Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang Xun
- Department of General Surgery, Gaochun People's Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Gaochun People's Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lijian Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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15
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MiR-200 family and cancer: From a meta-analysis view. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 70:57-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Zhang H, Wang R, Wang M. miR-331-3p suppresses cell invasion and migration in colorectal carcinoma by directly targeting NRP2. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:6501-6508. [PMID: 31807170 PMCID: PMC6876315 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a common tumor of the digestive system with poor prognosis. Studies have shown that aberrant microRNA (miRNA) expression can affect CRC progression by regulating target genes. In the present study, we investigated the functional roles and potential mechanisms of miR-331-3p in CRC. The expression of miR-331-3p and neuropilin-2 (NRP2) in CRC was detected by RT-qPCR. Then, Transwell assays were conducted to investigate the influence of miR-331-3p on CRC cell invasion and migration abilities. Luciferase reporter assays were performed to determine the target gene of miR-331-3p. It was found that miR-331-3p expression was notably declined in CRC and inversely correlated with the NRP2 expression. miR-331-3p upregulation significantly inhibited CRC cell invasion and migration. Additionally, western blot analysis demonstrated that miR-331-3p restoration evidently suppressed CRC cell EMT. Moreover, NRP2 was conformed to be a novel target of miR-331-3p and knockdown of NRP2 partially inversed the effects of the miR-331-3p inhibitor on cell invasion and migration. These results suggested that miR-331-3p exerted tumor suppressive roles in CRC by targeting NRP2 and miR-331-3p/NRP2 may serve as a potential therapy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276400, P.R. China
| | - Ruiyu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276400, P.R. China
| | - Mingxia Wang
- Department of Oncology, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276400, P.R. China
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17
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Ma L, Zhai B, Zhu H, Li W, Jiang W, Lei L, Zhang S, Qiao H, Jiang X, Sun X. The miR-141/neuropilin-1 axis is associated with the clinicopathology and contributes to the growth and metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:248. [PMID: 31572065 PMCID: PMC6764122 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0963-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) is a non-tyrosine kinase receptor interacting with multiple signaling pathways that underpin the biological behavior and fate of cancer cells. However, in pancreatic cancer, the mechanisms underlying the function of NRP-1 in cell proliferation and metastasis and the involvement of regulatory upstream miRNAs remain unclear. Methods Potential miRNAs were mined by using multiple bioinformatics prediction tools and validated by luciferase assays. The expression of NRP-1 and miRNA-141 (miR-141) in pancreatic tissues and cells was examined by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting and/or real-time RT-PCR. Stable transfected cells depleted of NRP-1 were generated, and regulatory effects of miR-141 were investigated by transfecting cells with miR-141 mimics and anti-miR-141. Assays of cell viability, proliferation, cell cycle distribution, transwell migration and cell scratch were employed. Xenograft tumor models were established to assess the effects of NRP-1 depletion on tumorigenesis and liver metastasis, and therapeutic effects of miR-141 on tumor growth. The role of miR-141/NRP-1 axis in regulating epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) by co-interacting the TGF-β pathway was examined. Results In this study, of 12 candidate miRNAs identified, miR-141 showed the strongest ability to regulate NRP-1. In pancreatic cancer tissues and cells, the expression level of NRP-1 was negatively correlated with that of miR-141. NRP-1 was highly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues compared with normal pancreatic tissues, and its expression levels were positively correlated with tumor grade, lymph metastasis and AJCC staging. NRP-1 depletion inhibited cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase through upregulating p27 and downregulating cyclin E and cyclin-dependent kinase 2, and reduced cell migration by inhibiting EMT through upregulating E-cadherin and downregulating Snail and N-cadherin. Through downregulating NRP-1, miR-141 mimics showed a similar effect as NRP-1 depletion on cell proliferation and migration. NRP-1 depletion suppressed tumor growth and liver metastasis and miR-141 mimics inhibited the growth of established tumors in mice. NRP-1 depletion and/or miR-141 mimics inhibited the activation of the TGF-β pathway stimulated by TGF-β ligand. Conclusions The present results indicate that NRP-1 is negatively regulated by miR-141 and the miR-141/NRP-1 axis may serve as potentially valuable biomarkers and therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Ma
- 1Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 China
| | - Bo Zhai
- 2Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 China.,3The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 China
| | - Huaqiang Zhu
- 4Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, 250021 China
| | - Weidong Li
- 2Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 China.,3The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 China
| | - Wenjing Jiang
- 3The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 China
| | - Liwang Lei
- 1Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- 5Department of Pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 China
| | - Haiquan Qiao
- 1Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 China
| | - Xian Jiang
- 1Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 China.,3The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 China
| | - Xueying Sun
- 3The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 China
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18
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Tan W, Zhang Y, Li M, Zhu X, Yang X, Wang J, Zhang S, Zhu W, Cao J, Yang H, Zhang L. miR-27a-containing Exosomes Secreted by Irradiated Skin Keratinocytes Delayed the Migration of Unirradiated Skin Fibroblasts. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:2240-2255. [PMID: 31592237 PMCID: PMC6775295 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.35356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE), e.g. the biological response occurring in unirradiated cells when their neighboring cells are irradiated, is the consequence of intercellular communication between irradiated and unirradiated cells and intracellular signal transduction of these two cell populations. Although several miRNAs have been found to play an important role in RIBEs, the evidence for the regulatory effects of miRNAs on RIBEs is still limited. In this study, by using a two cell-line co-culture system, we first found that the migration of unirradiated bystander WS1 skin fibroblasts was inhibited after co-culture with irradiated HaCaT skin keratinocytes. Further study revealed that HaCaT cells exposed to α-particles and X-rays quickly showed an elevated miR-27a expression, which was essential for the induction of the bystander effect, resulting in the secretion of miR-27a-containing exosomes as a major RIBE signaling factor. Upon uptake of these exosomes, the recipient unirradiated WS1 cells displayed oxidative stress and increased miR-27a levels. Elevated levels of miR-27a that targets MMP2 in the recipient WS1 cells then led to slowed cell migration, which was dependent upon the redox status of WS1 cells. To summarize, the present study has revealed a critical role of miR-27a in every step of the induction of bystander migration inhibition of unirradiated WS1 fibroblasts co-cultured with irradiated HaCaT keratinocytes, confirming the important regulatory effects of miRNAs in RIBEs. Additionally, we provided direct evidence that RIBEs could affect wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yarui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Mengting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xueting Zhu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, P. R. China
| | - Xuejiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jingdong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hongying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, P. R. China
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19
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Singhal M, Khatibeghdami M, Principe DR, Mancinelli GE, Schachtschneider KM, Schook LB, Grippo PJ, Grimaldo SR. TM4SF18 is aberrantly expressed in pancreatic cancer and regulates cell growth. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211711. [PMID: 30897168 PMCID: PMC6428261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapies for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) only modestly impact survival and can be highly toxic. A greater understanding of the molecules regulating this disease is critical for identifying new drug targets and developing more effective therapies. The L6 family of proteins are known to be positive regulators of tumor growth and metastasis among various cancers. However, little is known about the L6 family member TM4SF18. We investigated the expression and localization of the TM4SF18 protein in normal human pancreas and in PDAC tissue. Utilizing immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot analysis, our studies for the first time demonstrate that TM4SF18 is highly expressed in PDAC tumor epithelium. Furthermore, we identified TM4SF18 to be expressed in normal acinar tissue and weakly expressed in normal ducts. Although there is minimal expression in normal ducts, we observed increased TM4SF18 levels in preneoplastic ducts and tumor epithelium. To investigate a functional role of TM4SF18 in PDAC we developed stably-expressing inducible shRNA pancreatic cancer cell lines. Knockdown of the TM4SF18 protein led to a significant decrease in Capan-1 cell growth as measured by the MTT assay, demonstrating this molecule to be a novel regulator of PDAC. Uniquely there is no ortholog of the TM4SF18 gene in mouse or rat prompting us to seek other in vivo experimental models. Using IHC and western blot analysis, expression of TM4SF18 was confirmed in the porcine PDAC model, thus we establish an alternative model to investigate this gene. TM4SF18 represents a promising novel biomarker and therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Singhal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Mahsa Khatibeghdami
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Daniel R. Principe
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Georgina E. Mancinelli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kyle M. Schachtschneider
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lawrence B. Schook
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Paul J. Grippo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sam R. Grimaldo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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LncRNA TP73-AS1 sponges miR-141-3p to promote the migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells through the up-regulation of BDH2. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181937. [PMID: 30643007 PMCID: PMC6418400 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
LncRNA TP73 antisense RNA 1T (TP73-AS1) plays an important role in human malignancies. However, the levels of TP73-AS1 and its functional mechanisms in pancreatic cancer metastasis remain unknown, and the clinical significance of TP73-AS1 in human pancreatic cancer is also unclear. In the present study, the levels of TP73-AS1 and its candidate target miR-141 in pancreatic cancer and adjacent normal tissue were detected using qRT-PCR. The association between TP73-AS1 levels and the clinicopathologic characteristics of pancreatic cancer patients were analyzed. The relationship between TP73-AS1 and miR-141, and miR-141 and its candidate target 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase type 2 (BDH2) was confirmed using dual-luciferase reporter assays. TP73-AS1 and/or miR-141 were knocked down using siRNA or an inhibitor in pancreatic cancer cells and cell migration and invasion then examined. The results showed that TP73-AS1 was up-regulated in pancreatic cancer tissue and cell lines. High levels of TP73-AS1 were correlated with poor clinicopathological characteristics and shorter overall survival. MiR-141 was a direct target for TP73-AS1, while BDH2 was a direct target for miR-141. The knockdown of TP73-AS1 significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells, while the miR-141 inhibitor significantly restored the migration and invasion. Therefore, TP73-AS1 positively regulated BDH2 expression by sponging miR-141. These findings suggest that TP73-AS1 serves as an oncogene and promotes the metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Moreover, TP73-AS1 could serve as a predictor and a potential drug biotarget for pancreatic cancer.
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21
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Gao C, Yao H, Liu H, Feng Y, Yang Z. TM4SF1 is a potential target for anti-invasion and metastasis in ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:237. [PMID: 30876464 PMCID: PMC6419813 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5417-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with ovarian cancer commonly have a poor prognosis, owing to its invasiveness and distant metastasis. Studies have found TM4SF1 participates in regulating tumor cell invasion and migration. Therefore, it is expected to become a target for anti-invasion and metastasis in ovarian cancer. METHODS The expression of TM4SF1 in normal ovarian epithelial tissues, benign ovarian tumor tissues, primary foci of epithelial ovarian cancer and the matched lymph mode metastatic foci was detected using immunohistochemistry to analyze its association with prognosis. The expression of TM4SF1 in HO8910PM, SKOV3 was inhibited using RNAi, and the growth, proliferation, migration, invasion abilities of HO8910PM and SKOV3 cells and the growth of xenograft tumors in nude mice were examined. RESULTS (1) The positive expression rate of TM4SF1 protein in epithelial ovarian cancer tissues (90.90%) was higher than that in benign ovarian tumor tissues (65.22%) and normal ovarian epithelial tissues (31.25%), and both differences were significant (P < 0.05). The expression of TM4SF1 protein was positive in all metastatic lymph node foci and matched primary foci (100%). (2) The level of TM4SF1 protein expression was positively correlated with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage and histological grade. However, The positive TM4SF1 protein expression was not an independent factor of prognosis (P > 0.05). (3) Silencing TM4SF1 expression did not affect growth, proliferation, or cell cycle distribution but inhibited the migration and invasion abilities of HO8910PM and SKOV3 cells. Silencing TM4SF1 expression inhibited the growth of xenograft tumors in nude mice. CONCLUSION TM4SF1 is a potential target for anti-invasion and metastasis in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Gao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, China.,Key laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention &Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, No.22 Shuanyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Hongyu Yao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, China.,Key laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention &Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, No.22 Shuanyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, China.,Key laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention &Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, No.22 Shuanyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yanying Feng
- Departments of Electrocardiogram, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Zhijun Yang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.71 Hedi Road, Nanning, 530021, China. .,Key laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention &Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, No.22 Shuanyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China.
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22
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Zhao W, Zhang LN, Wang XL, Zhang J, Yu HX. Long noncoding RNA NSCLCAT1 increases non-small cell lung cancer cell invasion and migration through the Hippo signaling pathway by interacting with CDH1. FASEB J 2019; 33:1151-1166. [PMID: 30148675 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800408r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic growth is the leading cause of cancer-related death in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Metastasis is believed to be initiated by an increase in cell motility mediated by the loss of cell-cell adhesion because of the suppression of E-cadherin [encoded by cadherin 1 ( CDH1)]. However, very little is known about the molecular mechanism of CDH1 regulation. Therefore, we hypothesized that non-small cell lung cancer-associated transcript-1 (NSCLCAT1) suppresses functional CDH1 and mediates the Hippo signaling pathway, resulting in increased cell migration and invasion, and reduced apoptosis. Initially, microarray profiling and target prediction programs were employed to identify whether NSCLCAT1 targets CDH1. Next, quantitative PCR was used to determine the expression pattern of NSCLCAT1 in 114 specimens. The biologic functions of NSCLCAT1 in NSCLC were assessed through the up-regulation and down-regulation of the levels of endogenous NSCLCAT1 with the use of NSCLCAT1 vector or small interfering RNA against NSCLCAT1 in NSCLC cells. Furthermore, the Hippo signaling pathway in NSCLC cells was blocked by applying the verteporfin treatment to have a better understanding on the pivotal role of the Hippo signaling pathway in NSCLC. Microarray expression profiles of long noncoding RNAs, GSE19804 and GSE27262), revealed that NSCLCAT1 was up-regulated in NSCLC. Among patients with NSCLC, we determined that the NSCLCAT1 was robustly induced, whereas CDH1 was suppressed. The luciferase activity determination identified CDH1 as a NSCLCAT1 target. NSCLCAT1 was found to increase cell viability, migration, and invasion and to reduce apoptosis in NSCLC cells. The results from the quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis revealed that NSCLCAT1 modulated the Hippo signaling pathway. Furthermore, the inhibition of the Hippo signaling pathway by verteporfin treatment led to the loss of the effect of NSCLCAT1 on NSCLC cells. In summary, our findings suggested that NSCLCAT1 potentially has a role in NSCLC and NSCLCAT1-mediated regulation of the Hippo signaling pathway through the transcriptional repression of CDH1; therefore, the functional suppression or inhibition of NSCLCAT1 could be used as a novel therapeutic pathway in the control of aggressive and metastatic NSCLC.-Zhao, W., Zhang, L.-N., Wang, X.-L., Zhang, J., Yu, H.-X. Long noncoding RNA NSCLCAT1 increases non-small cell lung cancer cell invasion and migration through the Hippo signaling pathway by interacting with CDH1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Le-Ning Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao-Long Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hai-Xiang Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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23
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Baradaran B, Shahbazi R, Khordadmehr M. Dysregulation of key microRNAs in pancreatic cancer development. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:1008-1015. [PMID: 30551350 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is mentioned as one of the fourth major cause of cancer-related deaths and also is considered as one of the most malignancies worldwide. Sadly, widely metastasis is frequently observed at the time of PC detection and there are, thereby, almost poor prognosis and ineffective treatment in PC patients. microRNAs (miRNAs), a group of short non-coding RNAs, regulate various cellular and developmental mechanisms, such as cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and angiogenesis. Also, they have essential roles even on the progression of different human and animal diseases. In recent years, extensive studies confirmed the important role of miRNAs in various steps of PC developments, including; tumor initiation, invasion and metastasis, which can use valuably for cancer detection, prognosis and therapy. Therefore, the present study reviewed the new recent investigations in miRNAs involvement in the biology of PC associated with their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roya Shahbazi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, 51665-1647, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Monireh Khordadmehr
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, 51665-1647, Tabriz, Iran.
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24
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Liu Y, Hua T, Chi S, Wang H. Identification of key pathways and genes in endometrial cancer using bioinformatics analyses. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:897-906. [PMID: 30655845 PMCID: PMC6313012 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common gynecological cancer types worldwide. However, to the best of our knowledge, its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The current study downloaded three mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) datasets of EC and normal tissue samples, GSE17025, GSE63678 and GSE35794, from the Gene Expression Omnibus to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and miRNAs (DEMs) in EC tumor tissues. The DEGs and DEMs were then validated using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and subjected to gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis. STRING and Cytoscape were used to construct a protein-protein interaction network and the prognostic effects of the hub genes were analyzed. Finally, miRecords was used to predict DEM targets and an miRNA-gene network was constructed. A total of 160 DEGs were identified, of which 51 genes were highly expressed and 100 DEGs were discovered from the PPI network. Three overlapping genes between the DEGs and the DEM targets, BIRC5, CENPF and HJURP, were associated with significantly worse overall survival of patients with EC. A number of DEGs were enriched in cell cycle, human T-lymphotropic virus infection and cancer-associated pathways. A total of 20 DEMs and 29 miRNA gene pairs were identified. In conclusion, the identified DEGs, DEMs and pathways in EC may provide new insights into understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms that facilitate EC tumorigenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Teng Hua
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Shuqi Chi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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25
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Wang X, Han L, Zhou L, Wang L, Zhang LM. Prediction of candidate RNA signatures for recurrent ovarian cancer prognosis by the construction of an integrated competing endogenous RNA network. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:2659-2673. [PMID: 30226545 PMCID: PMC6151886 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor recurrence hinders treatment of ovarian cancer. The present study aimed to identify potential biomarkers for ovarian cancer recurrence prognosis and explore relevant mechanisms. RNA-sequencing of data from the TCGA database and GSE17260 dataset was carried out. Samples of the data were grouped according to tumor recurrence information. Following data normalization, differentially expressed genes/micro RNAs (miRNAs)/long non-coding (lncRNAs) (DEGs/DEMs/DELs) were selected between recurrent and non-recurrent samples. Their correlations with clinical information were analyzed to identify prognostic RNAs. A support vector machine classifier was used to find the optimal gene set with feature genes that could conclusively distinguish different samples. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established for DEGs using relevant protein databases. An integrated ‘lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA’ competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed to reveal potential regulatory relationships among different RNAs. We identified 36 feature genes (e.g. TP53 and RBPMS) for the classification of recurrent and non-recurrent ovarian cancer samples. Prediction with this gene set had a high accuracy (91.8%). Three DELs (WT1-AS, NBR2 and ZNF883) were highly associated with the prognosis of recurrent ovarian cancer. Predominant DEMs with their targets were hsa-miR-375 (target: RBPMS), hsa-miR-141 (target: RBPMS), and hsa-miR-27b (target: TP53). Highlighted interactions in the ceRNA network were ‘WT1-AS-hsa-miR-375-RBPMS’ and ‘WT1-AS-hsa-miR-27b-TP53’. TP53, RBPMS, hsa-miR-375, hsa-miR-141, hsa-miR-27b, and WT1-AS may be biomarkers for recurrent ovarian cancer. The interactions of ‘WT1-AS-hsa-miR-375-RBPMS’ and ‘WT1-AS-hsa-miR-27b-TP53’ may be potential regulatory mechanisms during cancer recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The 306 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The 306 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The 306 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The 306 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Lan-Mei Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The 306 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
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26
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WIPF1 antagonizes the tumor suppressive effect of miR-141/200c and is associated with poor survival in patients with PDAC. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:167. [PMID: 30041660 PMCID: PMC6056910 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0848-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Aberrant expression of Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein interacting protein family member 1 (WIPF1) contributes to the invasion and metastasis of several malignancies. However, the role of WIPF1 in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains poorly understood. Methods Human pancreatic cancer samples from PDAC patients were collected for methylation analysis. Bioinformatic prediction program and luciferase reporter assay were used to identify microRNAs regulating WIPF1 expression. The association between WIPF1 expression and the overall survival (OS) of patients with PDAC was evaluated by using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The roles of miR-141/200c and WIPF1 on the invasion and metastasis of PDAC cells were investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Results We found that compared to the surrounding non-cancerous tissues, there was significantly increased methylation of miR-200c and miR-141 in human PDAC tissues that resulted in their silencing, whereas the members of the other cluster of miR-200 family including miR-200a, miR-200b and miR-429 were hypomethylated. Our data show that forced expression of miR-141 or miR-200c suppressed invasion and metastasis of PDAC cells both in vitro and in xenograft and identified WIPF1 as a direct target of miR-141 and miR-200c. Both miR-141 and miR-200c inhibit WIPF1 by directly interacting with its 3′-untranslated region. Remarkably, silencing of WIPF1 blocked PDAC growth and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo, whereas forced WIPF1 overexpression antagonized the tumor suppressive effect of miR-141/200c. Additionally, by using TCGA database we showed that high expression of WIPF1 correlated with poor survival in patients with PDAC. Moreover, we show that miR-141 and miR-200c blocked YAP/TAZ expression by suppressing WIPF1. Conclusions We have identified WIPF1 as an oncoprotein in PDAC and a direct target of miR-141/miR-200c. We have also defined the miR-141/200c-WIPF1-YAP/TAZ as a novel signaling pathway that is involved in the regulation of the invasion and metastasis of human PDAC cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0848-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Kim MK, Moon YA, Song CK, Baskaran R, Bae S, Yang SG. Tumor-suppressing miR-141 gene complex-loaded tissue-adhesive glue for the locoregional treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:3891-3901. [PMID: 30083268 PMCID: PMC6071529 DOI: 10.7150/thno.24056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally and have been extensively tested as therapeutic molecules against several human diseases. In vivo delivery of miRNAs needs to satisfy the following conditions: safety, efficiency, and long-term therapeutic effectiveness. To satisfy these conditions, we developed a tissue-adhesive nucleotide-polymer complex (NPX-glue) for in vivo delivery of miRNAs to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: Polyallylamine (PAA), a cationic polymer, was mixed with tumor-suppressing miR-141 to form NPX and then mixed with partially oxidized alginate (OA) to form NPX-glue. Delivery efficiency of miR-141:NPX-glue was determined in cultured HCC cells and in an implanted HCC tumor model. In vivo tumor-suppressive effects of miR-141 on HCC were examined in mice upon intratumoral injection of miR-141:NPX-glue. Result: NPX-glue was generated by mixing of NPX with OA, which eliminated the inherent cytotoxic effect of NPX. NPX-glue led to the efficient delivery of miR-141 and plasmid to cultured cells and solid tumors in mice, where their expression was maintained for up to 30 days. Upon intratumoral injection of miR-141:NPX-glue, the growth of the tumors was dramatically retarded in comparison with the negative control, NCmiR:NPX-glue, (p < 0.05). Molecular examination proved miR-141:NPX-glue efficiently regulated the target genes including MAP4K4, TM4SF1, KEAP1, HDGF, and TIAM1 and finally induced apoptosis of cancer tissues. Conclusion: Here, we show that NPX-glue delivers therapeutic miR-141 to solid tumors in a safe, stable, and long-term manner and prove that locoregional treatment of HCC is possible using the NPX-glue system.
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Li G, Huang M, Cai Y, Ke Y, Yang Y, Sun X. miR‑141 inhibits glioma vasculogenic mimicry by controlling EphA2 expression. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:1395-1404. [PMID: 29901110 PMCID: PMC6072184 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human glioma is a pernicious tumor from the central nervous system; it has been reported that microRNAs (miRs) may have carcinogenic or tumor suppressor effects on human glioma. The aim of the present study was to assess miR-141 expression and functional role in human primary glioma, as well as in tumor-derived cell lines. The expression of miR-141 in primary human glioma tissues and cell lines was assessed by employing reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Next, its role in cellular growth, migration, invasion and vasculogenic mimicry (VM) regulation was determined using various in vitro and in vivo assays, and on the identification its target gene(s) using luciferase assays. The results demonstrated that miR-141 expression was downregulated, and Ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EphA2) was upregulated in the primary human gliomas and human glioma-derived cell lines tested. In addition, a negative correlation existed between miR-141 and EphA2 expression levels in glioma grades II, III and IV. Furthermore, exogenous miR-141 expression resulted in decreased proliferation, migration and invasion, as well as in apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in vitro. It was also revealed that exogenous miR-141 expression resulted in in vivo inhibition of tumor growth and inhibition of the development of VM. Finally, the present study successfully confirmed that EphA2 was a direct target of miR-141 in glioma-derived cells using luciferase assays. Based on these results, it was concluded that miR-141 may regulate cell proliferation, migration, invasion and VM formation by controlling EphA2 expression; also, its target EphA2 may be a novel diagnostic/prognostic biomarker and a potential anti-VM therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Shiyan, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518108, P.R. China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Yingqian Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Yiquan Ke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Yuantao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Xinlin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
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Song J, Ye A, Jiang E, Yin X, Chen Z, Bai G, Zhou Y, Liu J. Reconstruction and analysis of the aberrant lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network based on competitive endogenous RNA in CESC. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:6665-6673. [PMID: 29741786 PMCID: PMC6055788 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of studies has demonstrated that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) are regarded as the primary section of the ceRNA network. This is thought to be the case owing to its regulation of protein-coding gene expression by functioning as miRNA sponges. However, functional roles and regulatory mechanisms of lncRNA-mediated ceRNA in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CESC), as well as their use for potential prediction of CESC prognosis, remains unknown. The aberrant expression profiles of mRNA, lncRNA, and miRNA of 306 cervical squamous cancer tissues and three adjacent cervical tissues were obtained from the TCGA database. A lncRNA-mRNA-miRNA ceRNA network in CESC was constructed. Meanwhile, Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analysis were performed using Cytoscape plug-in BinGo and DAVID database. We identified a total of 493 lncRNA, 70 miRNA, and 1921 mRNA as differentially expressed profiles. An aberrant lncRNA-mRNA-miRNA ceRNA network was constructed in CESC, it was composed of 50 DElncRNA, 18 DEmiRNA, and 81 DEmRNA. According to the overall survival analysis, 3 out of 50 lncRNA, 10 out of 81 mRNA, and 1 out of 18 miRNA functioned as prognostic biomarkers for patients with CESC (P value < 0.05). We extracted the sub-network in the ceRNA network and found that two novel lncRNA were recognized as key genes. These included lncRNA MEG3 and lncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2. The present study provides a new insight into a better understanding of the lncRNA-related ceRNA network in CESC, and the novel recognized ceRNA network will help us to improve our understanding of lncRNA-mediated ceRNA regulatory mechanisms in the pathogenesis of CESC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukun Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Aizhu Ye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Enli Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xinhai Yin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Medical College, Zunyi Medical College, Guiyang, China
| | - Guohui Bai
- Special Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Special Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
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Kim Y, Lee S, Choi S, Jang JY, Park T. Hierarchical structural component modeling of microRNA-mRNA integration analysis. BMC Bioinformatics 2018; 19:75. [PMID: 29745843 PMCID: PMC5998903 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-018-2070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of multi-markers is one of the most challenging issues in personalized medicine era. Nowadays, many different types of omics data are generated from the same subject. Although many methods endeavor to identify candidate markers, for each type of omics data, few or none can facilitate such identification. RESULTS It is well known that microRNAs affect phenotypes only indirectly, through regulating mRNA expression and/or protein translation. Toward addressing this issue, we suggest a hierarchical structured component analysis of microRNA-mRNA integration ("HisCoM-mimi") model that accounts for this biological relationship, to efficiently study and identify such integrated markers. In simulation studies, HisCoM-mimi showed the better performance than the other three methods. Also, in real data analysis, HisCoM-mimi successfully identified more gives more informative miRNA-mRNA integration sets relationships for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) diagnosis, compared to the other methods. CONCLUSION As exemplified by an application to pancreatic cancer data, our proposed model effectively identified integrated miRNA/target mRNA pairs as markers for early diagnosis, providing a much broader biological interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Kim
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungyoung Lee
- Interdisciplinary program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungkyoung Choi
- Interdisciplinary program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Young Jang
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Taesung Park
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
- Interdisciplinary program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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Ko J, Bhagwat N, Black T, Yee SS, Na YJ, Fisher S, Kim J, Carpenter EL, Stanger BZ, Issadore D. miRNA Profiling of Magnetic Nanopore-Isolated Extracellular Vesicles for the Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Res 2018; 78:3688-3697. [PMID: 29735554 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Improved diagnostics for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) to detect the disease at earlier, curative stages and to guide treatments is crucial to progress against this disease. The development of a liquid biopsy for PDAC has proven challenging due to the sparsity and variable phenotypic expression of circulating biomarkers. Here we report methods we developed for isolating specific subsets of extracellular vesicles (EV) from plasma using a novel magnetic nanopore capture technique. In addition, we present a workflow for identifying EV miRNA biomarkers using RNA sequencing and machine-learning algorithms, which we used in combination to classify distinct cancer states. Applying this approach to a mouse model of PDAC, we identified a biomarker panel of 11 EV miRNAs that could distinguish mice with PDAC from either healthy mice or those with precancerous lesions in a training set of n = 27 mice and a user-blinded validation set of n = 57 mice (88% accuracy in a three-way classification). These results provide strong proof-of-concept support for the feasibility of using EV miRNA profiling and machine learning for liquid biopsy.Significance: These findings present a panel of extracellular vesicle miRNA blood-based biomarkers that can detect pancreatic cancer at a precancerous stage in a transgenic mouse model. Cancer Res; 78(13); 3688-97. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Ko
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Neha Bhagwat
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Taylor Black
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephanie S Yee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Young-Ji Na
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Stephen Fisher
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Junhyong Kim
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Erica L Carpenter
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ben Z Stanger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David Issadore
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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32
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Yu X, Zhong L. Pioglitazone/microRNA‑141/FOXA2: A novel axis in pancreatic β‑cells proliferation and insulin secretion. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7931-7938. [PMID: 29620270 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are considered to be effective, post‑transcriptional regulators in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and promising treatment targets. However, the function of miR‑141 remains to be elucidated. In the present study, upregulation of miR‑141 was demonstrated in diabetic mice and elderly diabetic patients. Using reverse transcriptase‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, luciferase reporter assays and western blotting, forkhead box A2 (FOXA2) was identified as a direct target gene of miR‑141. The potential role of miRNA‑141 or FOXA2 was evaluated by overexpressing or silencing miR‑141 or FOXA2, respectively. The increased expression of miR‑141 resulted in impaired glucose‑stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and INS‑1 β cell proliferation. In addition, miR‑141 silencing in MIN6 pseudoislets or INS‑1 β cells led to reduced T2D‑associated damage. Furthermore, the expression of miR‑141 may be corrected by treatment with pioglitazone, which is widely used for insulin resistance therapy. The present study also demonstrated the mechanism by which miR‑141 regulated GSIS and proliferation through FOXA2. Overexpression of FOXA2 in MIN6 pseudoislets increased the effect of the miR‑141 inhibitor on GSIS. FOXA2 effectively reversed the effect of miR‑141 overexpression on β cell proliferation. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that the pioglitazone/miR‑141/FOXA2 axis may represent a promising target mechanism for T2D treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Liyong Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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Du X, Fan W, Chen Y. microRNA-520f inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and invasion by targeting TM4SF1. Gene 2018; 657:30-38. [PMID: 29505836 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are reported to play crucial roles in tumorigenesis. Dysregulation of miR-520f has been implicated to be involved in several cancer progressions. However, the biological functions of miR520f in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. Thus, the molecular mechanism underlying miR-520f on HCC development was investigated in this study. Here, we found that miR-520f was remarkably down-regulated in human HCC samples and cell lines compared to paired normal tissues and cell lines as detected by qRT-PCR. Furthermore, the deregulated miR-520f was strongly associated with larger tumor size, advanced TNM stage, and metastasis in HCC patients. Functional investigations revealed that overexpression of miR-520f significantly suppressed cell proliferation, invasion and migration, caused cell cycle arrested at G0/G1 phase, and promoted cell apoptosis in HCC cells according to MTT, colony formation, transwell, and flow cytometry assays, respectively, whereas, downregulation of miR-520f exhibited inverse effects. Transmembrane-4 L-Six family member-1 (TM4SF1) was identified as a direct target of miR-520f, and an inverse relationship was found between miR-520f and TM4SF1 mRNA levels in HCC specimens. Rescue experiments suggested that restoration of TM4SF1 partially abolished miR-520f-meidated cell proliferation and invasion inhibition in HCC cells through regulating P13K/AKT and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. In conclusion, these data indicated that miR-520f acted as tumor suppressor in HCC proliferation and invasion by targeting TM4SF1, which might provide potential therapeutic evidence for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Du
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Weinan Center Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Weinan 714000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wanhu Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yunru Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
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34
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Xue L, Yu X, Jiang X, Deng X, Mao L, Guo L, Fan J, Fan Q, Wang L, Lu SH. TM4SF1 promotes the self-renewal of esophageal cancer stem-like cells and is regulated by miR-141. Oncotarget 2017; 8:19274-19284. [PMID: 27974706 PMCID: PMC5386683 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells have been identified in primary human tumors and cancer cell lines. Previously we found TM4SF1 gene was highly expressed in side population (SP) cells from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines, but the role and underlying mechanism of TM4SF1 in ESCC remain unclear. In this study, we observed TM4SF1 was up-regulated but miR-141 was down-regulated in SP cells isolated from ESCC cell lines. TM4SF1 could stimulate the self-renewal ability and carcinogenicity of esophageal cancer stem-like cells, and promote cell invasion and migration. In miR-141 overexpression cells, the expression of TM4SF1 was significantly reduced. We also found that overexpression of miR-141 could abolish the self-renewal ability and carcinogenicity of esophageal cancer stem-like cells and decrease cell invasion and migration by suppressing TM4SF1. Consequently, TM4SF1 is a direct target gene of miR-141. The regulation of TM4SF1 by miR-141 may play an important role in controlling self-renewals of esophageal cancer stem-like cells. It may also promote the development of new therapeutic strategies and efficient drugs to target ESCC stem-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xue
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiying Yu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xingran Jiang
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China.,Current address: Department of Pathology, Beijing ChaoYang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Mao
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Guo
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhu Fan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Qinqxia Fan
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liuxing Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shih-Hsin Lu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, Beijing, China
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Giovannetti E, van der Borden CL, Frampton AE, Ali A, Firuzi O, Peters GJ. Never let it go: Stopping key mechanisms underlying metastasis to fight pancreatic cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 44:43-59. [PMID: 28438662 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely aggressive neoplasm, predicted to become the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths before 2030. This dismal trend is mainly due to lack of effective treatments against its metastatic behavior. Therefore, a better understanding of the key mechanisms underlying metastasis should provide new opportunities for therapeutic purposes. Genomic analyses revealed that aberrations that fuel PDAC tumorigenesis and progression, such as SMAD4 loss, are also implicated in metastasis. Recently, microRNAs have been shown to play a regulatory role in the metastatic behavior of many tumors, including PDAC. In particular, miR-10 and miR-21 have appeared as master regulators of the metastatic program, while members of the miR-200 family are involved in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal switch, favoring cell migration and invasiveness. Several studies have also found a close relationship between cancer stem cells (CSCs) and biological features of metastasis, and the CSC markers ALDH1, ABCG2 and c-Met are expressed at high levels in metastatic PDAC cells. Emerging evidence reveals that exosomes are involved in the modulation of the tumor microenvironment and can initiate PDAC pre-metastatic niche formation in the liver and lungs. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of all these pivotal factors in the metastatic behavior of PDAC, and discuss their potential exploitation in the clinic to improve current therapeutics and identify new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Giovannetti
- Lab Medical Oncology, Dept. Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start Up Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - C L van der Borden
- Lab Medical Oncology, Dept. Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A E Frampton
- HPB Surgical Unit, Dept. of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - A Ali
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - O Firuzi
- Lab Medical Oncology, Dept. Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - G J Peters
- Lab Medical Oncology, Dept. Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Yang JC, Zhang Y, He SJ, Li MM, Cai XL, Wang H, Xu LM, Cao J. TM4SF1 Promotes Metastasis of Pancreatic Cancer via Regulating the Expression of DDR1. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45895. [PMID: 28368050 PMCID: PMC5377454 DOI: 10.1038/srep45895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane-4-L-six-family-1(TM4SF1), a four-transmembrane L6 family member, is highly expressed in various pancreatic cancer cell lines and promotes cancer cells metastasis. However, the TM4SF1-associated signaling network in metastasis remains unknown. In the present study, we found that TM4SF1 affected the formation and function of invadopodia. Silencing of TM4SF1 reduced the expression of DDR1 significantly in PANC-1 and AsPC-1 cells. Through double fluorescence immuno-staining and Co-immunoprecipitation, we also found that TM4SF1 colocalized with DDR1 and had an interaction with DDR1. In addition, upregulating the expression of DDR1 rescued the inhibitory effects of cell migration and invasion, the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 and the formation and function of invadopodia when TM4SF1 silenced. In pancreatic cancer tissues, qRT-PCR and scatter plots analysis further determined that TM4SF1 had a correlation with DDR1. Collectively, our study provides a novel regulatory pathway involving TM4SF1, DDR1, MMP2 and MMP9, which promotes the formation and function of invadopodia to support cell migration and invasion in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Chun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Si-Jia He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ming-Ming Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lei-Ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jia Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
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37
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Ye J, Wang Z, Zhao J, Chen W, Wu D, Wu P, Huang J. MicroRNA-141 inhibits tumor growth and minimizes therapy resistance in colorectal cancer. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:1037-1042. [PMID: 28112364 PMCID: PMC5367372 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of most common cancers and causes of cancer-associated mortality worldwide, due to its recurrence, metastasis and therapy resistance. Cancer stem cells (CSC) have been demonstrated to be vital for tumor initiation and recurrence. microRNAs may act as an oncogenes or tumor suppressors in numerous cancers. The present study demonstrated that microRNA-141 (miR‑141) was downregulated in CSC compared with differentiated cancer cells, and in tumor compared with healthy tissue. miR‑141 may inhibit CRC cell proliferation and the maintenance of CSC stemness, thereby enhancing drug susceptibility. In addition, the present study identified cyclin D2 as a novel target gene of miR‑141. In conclusion, the antitumor role of miR‑141 and its target cyclin D2 may suggest the development of miR‑141 as a potential therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Wuzhen Chen
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Dang Wu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Pin Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgury, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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38
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Gao H, Chakraborty G, Zhang Z, Akalay I, Gadiya M, Gao Y, Sinha S, Hu J, Jiang C, Akram M, Brogi E, Leitinger B, Giancotti FG. Multi-organ Site Metastatic Reactivation Mediated by Non-canonical Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 Signaling. Cell 2017; 166:47-62. [PMID: 27368100 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Genetic screening identifies the atypical tetraspanin TM4SF1 as a strong mediator of metastatic reactivation of breast cancer. Intriguingly, TM4SF1 couples the collagen receptor tyrosine kinase DDR1 to the cortical adaptor syntenin 2 and, hence, to PKCα. The latter kinase phosphorylates and activates JAK2, leading to the activation of STAT3. This non-canonical mechanism of signaling induces the expression of SOX2 and NANOG; sustains the manifestation of cancer stem cell traits; and drives metastatic reactivation in the lung, bone, and brain. Bioinformatic analyses and pathological studies corroborate the clinical relevance of these findings. We conclude that non-canonical DDR1 signaling enables breast cancer cells to exploit the ubiquitous interstitial matrix component collagen I to undergo metastatic reactivation in multiple target organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Gao
- Metastasis Research Institute, Breast Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Cell Biology Program and Center for Metastasis Research, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Goutam Chakraborty
- Cell Biology Program and Center for Metastasis Research, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Zhanguo Zhang
- Cell Biology Program and Center for Metastasis Research, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Intissar Akalay
- Cell Biology Program and Center for Metastasis Research, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mayur Gadiya
- Cell Biology Program and Center for Metastasis Research, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Sloan Kettering Division, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yaquan Gao
- Metastasis Research Institute, Breast Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Surajit Sinha
- Cell Biology Program and Center for Metastasis Research, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jian Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Cizhong Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Muzaffar Akram
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Hospital, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Edi Brogi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Hospital, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Birgit Leitinger
- Molecular Medicine Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Filippo G Giancotti
- Cell Biology Program and Center for Metastasis Research, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Cancer Biology and David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
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39
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An mRNA expression signature for prognostication in de novo acute myeloid leukemia patients with normal karyotype. Oncotarget 2016; 6:39098-110. [PMID: 26517675 PMCID: PMC4770759 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although clinical features, cytogenetics, and mutations are widely used to predict prognosis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), further refinement of risk stratification is necessary for optimal treatment, especially in cytogenetically normal (CN) patients. We sought to generate a simple gene expression signature as a predictor of clinical outcome through analyzing the mRNA arrays of 158 de novo CN AML patients. We compared the gene expression profiles of patients with poor response to induction chemotherapy with those who responded well. Forty-six genes expressed differentially between the two groups. Among them, expression of 11 genes was significantly associated with overall survival (OS) in univariate Cox regression analysis in 104 patients who received standard intensive chemotherapy. We integrated the z-transformed expression levels of these 11 genes to generate a risk scoring system. Higher risk scores were significantly associated with shorter OS (median 17.0 months vs. not reached, P < 0.001) in ours and another 3 validation cohorts. In addition, it was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor by multivariate analysis (HR 1.116, 95% CI 1.035~1.204, P = 0.004). In conclusion, we developed a simple mRNA expression signature for prognostication in CN-AML patients. This prognostic biomarker will help refine the treatment strategies for this group of patients.
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40
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Gui Z, Luo F, Yang Y, Shen C, Li S, Xu J. Oridonin inhibition and miR‑200b‑3p/ZEB1 axis in human pancreatic cancer. Int J Oncol 2016; 50:111-120. [PMID: 27878247 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship among oridonin, miR-200b-3p and pancreatic cancer on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was investigated for the molecular mechanism or signaling pathways on the migration in pancreatic cancer. BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells were cultivated and the IC50 of oridonin in BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells were obtained by the CCK-8 array. The expression of miR‑200b-3p was verified by using real-time PCR and its target gene was predicted. BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells were treated with oridonin or transfected by miR-200b-3p, those cells were used for western blot assay, Transwell assay, ELISA, immunofluorescence staining, tumorigenesis assay in nude mice and immunohistochemical assay to verify the effects of oridonin or miR-200b-3p on pancreatic cancer. We found that oridonin inhibited the proliferation of BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. miR-200b-3p was downregulated by oridonin in BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells. ZEB1 was a target gene for miR-200b-3p. Oridonin or overexpression of miR‑200b-3p can inhibit the cell migration in BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells. miR-200b-3p can inhibit the EMT and oridonin can inhibit the expression of ZEB1, N-cadherin and fibronectin but not increase the expression of E-cadherin, while the cell adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were decreased by oridonin in BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells and the cytoskeleton was altered by oridonin in PANC-1 cells compared with the control. In summary, the results demonstrate that miR‑200b-3p was able to inhibit the EMT of human pancreatic cancer in vivo and in vitro by targeted ZEB1. In vitro, oridonin had a certain effect on the migration in BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells, but not though type III EMT by miR-200-3p/ZEB1 axis, and may be related to type Ⅱ EMT, tumor microenvironment or altering the cytoskeleton. In vivo, oridonin inhibited the cancer migration in the nude mouse model though inhibiting EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Gui
- Medical Technology College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Feng Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Yayang Yang
- Medical Technology College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Can Shen
- Medical Technology College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Shuquan Li
- Medical Technology College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Jian Xu
- Medical Technology College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
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41
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Bai Y, Ding L, Baker S, Bai JM, Rath E, Jiang F, Wu J, Jiang H, Stuart G. Dissecting the biological relationship between TCGA miRNA and mRNA sequencing data using MMiRNA-Viewer. BMC Bioinformatics 2016; 17:336. [PMID: 27766936 PMCID: PMC5073992 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-016-1219-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNA) are short nucleotides that interact with their target genes through 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs). The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) harbors an increasing amount of cancer genome data for both tumor and normal samples. However, there are few visualization tools focusing on concurrently displaying important relationships and attributes between miRNAs and mRNAs of both cancer tumor and normal samples. Moreover, a deep investigation of miRNA-mRNA target and biological relationships across multiple cancer types by integrating web-based analysis has not been thoroughly conducted. Results We developed an interactive visualization tool called MMiRNA-Viewer that can concurrently present the co-relationships of expression between miRNA-mRNA pairs of both tumor and normal samples into a single graph. The input file of MMiRNA-Viewer contains the expression information including fold changes between normal and tumor samples for mRNAs and miRNAs, the correlation between mRNA and miRNA, and the predicted target relationship by a number of databases. Users can also load their own input data into MMiRNA-Viewer and visualize and compare detailed information about cancer-related gene expression changes, and also changes in the expression of transcription-regulating miRNAs. To validate the MMiRNA-Viewer, eight types of TCGA cancer datasets with both normal and control samples were selected in this study and three filter steps were applied subsequently. We performed Gene Ontology (GO) analysis for genes available in final selected 238 pairs and also for genes in the top 5 % (95 percentile) for each of eight cancer types to report a significant number of genes involved in various biological functions and pathways. We also calculated various centrality measurement matrices for the largest connected component(s) in each of eight cancers and reported top genes and miRNAs with high centrality measurements. Conclusions With its user-friendly interface, dynamic visualization and advanced queries, we also believe MMiRNA-Viewer offers an intuitive approach for visualizing and elucidating co-relationships between miRNAs and mRNAs of both tumor and normal samples. We suggest that miRNA and mRNA pairs with opposite fold changes of their expression and with inverted correlation values between tumor and normal samples might be most relevant for explaining the decoupling of mRNAs and their targeting miRNAs in tumor samples for certain cancer types. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-016-1219-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Bai
- Department of Biology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, 47809, USA. .,The Center for Genomic Advocacy, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, 47809, USA.
| | - Lizhong Ding
- Department of Biology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, 47809, USA
| | - Steve Baker
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, 47809, USA
| | - Jenny M Bai
- Terre Haute South Vigo High School, Terre Haute, IN, 47809, USA
| | - Ethan Rath
- Department of Biology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, 47809, USA
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, 47809, USA
| | - Jianghong Wu
- Animal Husbandry Institute, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, 010031, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Gary Stuart
- Department of Biology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, 47809, USA.,The Center for Genomic Advocacy, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, 47809, USA
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MicroRNA in pancreatic cancer. J Hum Genet 2016; 62:33-40. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2016.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Marriott AS, Vasieva O, Fang Y, Copeland NA, McLennan AG, Jones NJ. NUDT2 Disruption Elevates Diadenosine Tetraphosphate (Ap4A) and Down-Regulates Immune Response and Cancer Promotion Genes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154674. [PMID: 27144453 PMCID: PMC4856261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of gene expression is one of several roles proposed for the stress-induced nucleotide diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A). We have examined this directly by a comparative RNA-Seq analysis of KBM-7 chronic myelogenous leukemia cells and KBM-7 cells in which the NUDT2 Ap4A hydrolase gene had been disrupted (NuKO cells), causing a 175-fold increase in intracellular Ap4A. 6,288 differentially expressed genes were identified with P < 0.05. Of these, 980 were up-regulated and 705 down-regulated in NuKO cells with a fold-change ≥ 2. Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis (IPA®) was used to assign these genes to known canonical pathways and functional networks. Pathways associated with interferon responses, pattern recognition receptors and inflammation scored highly in the down-regulated set of genes while functions associated with MHC class II antigens were prominent among the up-regulated genes, which otherwise showed little organization into major functional gene sets. Tryptophan catabolism was also strongly down-regulated as were numerous genes known to be involved in tumor promotion in other systems, with roles in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Conversely, some pro-apoptotic genes were up-regulated. Major upstream factors predicted by IPA® for gene down-regulation included NFκB, STAT1/2, IRF3/4 and SP1 but no major factors controlling gene up-regulation were identified. Potential mechanisms for gene regulation mediated by Ap4A and/or NUDT2 disruption include binding of Ap4A to the HINT1 co-repressor, autocrine activation of purinoceptors by Ap4A, chromatin remodeling, effects of NUDT2 loss on transcript stability, and inhibition of ATP-dependent regulatory factors such as protein kinases by Ap4A. Existing evidence favors the last of these as the most probable mechanism. Regardless, our results suggest that the NUDT2 protein could be a novel cancer chemotherapeutic target, with its inhibition potentially exerting strong anti-tumor effects via multiple pathways involving metastasis, invasion, immunosuppression and apoptosis.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Dinucleoside Phosphates/metabolism
- Down-Regulation
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Knockout Techniques
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/immunology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/deficiency
- Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. Marriott
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom
| | - Olga Vasieva
- Department of Functional and Comparative Genomics, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom
| | - Yongxiang Fang
- Department of Functional and Comparative Genomics, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom
| | - Nikki A. Copeland
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, Lancashire, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander G. McLennan
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AGM); (NJJ)
| | - Nigel J. Jones
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AGM); (NJJ)
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Taucher V, Mangge H, Haybaeck J. Non-coding RNAs in pancreatic cancer: challenges and opportunities for clinical application. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2016; 39:295-318. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-016-0275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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45
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Reproducible and Reliable Real-time PCR Assay to Measure Mature Form of miR-141. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2016; 24:138-43. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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46
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Cao J, Yang J, Ramachandran V, Arumugam T, Deng D, Li Z, Xu L, Logsdon CD. TM4SF1 Promotes Gemcitabine Resistance of Pancreatic Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144969. [PMID: 26709920 PMCID: PMC4692438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background TM4SF1 is overexpressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and affects the development of this cancer. Also, multidrug resistance (MDR) is generally associated with tumor chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. However, the correlation between TM4SF1 and MDR remains unknown. This research aims to investigate the effect of TM4SF1 on gemcitabine resistance in PDAC and explore the possible molecular mechanism between TM4SF1 and MDR. Methods The expression of TM4SF1 was evaluated in pancreatic cancer cell lines and human pancreatic duct epithelial (HPDE) cell lines by quantitative RT-PCR. TM4SF1 siRNA transfection was carried out using Hiperfect transfection reagent to knock down TM4SF1. The transcripts were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR, RT-PCR and western blotting for further study. The cell proliferation and apoptosis were obtained to investigate the sensitivity to gemcitabine of pancreatic cancer cells after silencing TM4SF1 in vitro. We demonstrated that cell signaling of TM4SF1 mediated chemoresistance in cancer cells by assessing the expression of multidrug resistance (MDR) genes using quantitative RT-PCR. In vivo, we used orthotopic pancreatic tumor models to investigate the effect of proliferation after silencing TM4SF1 by a lentivirus-mediated shRNA in MIA PaCa-2 cell lines. Results The mRNA expression of TM4SF1 was higher in seven pancreatic cancer cell lines than in HPDE cell lines. In three gemcitabine-sensitive cell lines (L3.6pl, BxPC-3, SU86.86), the expression of TM4SF1 was lower than that in four gemcitabine-resistant cell lines (MIA PaCa-2, PANC-1, Hs766T, AsPC-1). We evaluated that TM4SF1 was a putative target for gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer cells. Using AsPC-1, MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1, we investigated that TM4SF1 silencing affected cell proliferation and increased the percentages of cell apoptosis mediated by treatment with gemcitabine compared with cells which were treated with negative control. This resistance was associated with the expression of multidrug resistance genes including ABCB1 and ABCC1. In vivo, silencing of TM4SF1 in MIA PaCa-2 cell lines increased the effectiveness of gemcitabine-based treatment in orthotopic pancreatic tumor models evaluated using noninvasive bioluminescent imaging. Conclusion These findings suggest that TM4SF1 is a surface membrane antigen that is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer cells and increases the chemoresistance to gemcitabine. Thus, TM4SF1 may be a promising target to overcome the chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/biosynthesis
- Animals
- Antigens, Surface/genetics
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives
- Deoxycytidine/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Gemcitabine
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiachun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Vijaya Ramachandran
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, United States of America
| | - Thiruvengadam Arumugam
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, United States of America
| | - Defeng Deng
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, United States of America
| | - Zhaoshen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Leiming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
- * E-mail: (LMX); (CDL)
| | - Craig D. Logsdon
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LMX); (CDL)
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Clarke LA, Botelho HM, Sousa L, Falcao AO, Amaral MD. Transcriptome meta-analysis reveals common differential and global gene expression profiles in cystic fibrosis and other respiratory disorders and identifies CFTR regulators. Genomics 2015. [PMID: 26225835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A meta-analysis of 13 independent microarray data sets was performed and gene expression profiles from cystic fibrosis (CF), similar disorders (COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, IPF: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, asthma), environmental conditions (smoking, epithelial injury), related cellular processes (epithelial differentiation/regeneration), and non-respiratory "control" conditions (schizophrenia, dieting), were compared. Similarity among differentially expressed (DE) gene lists was assessed using a permutation test, and a clustergram was constructed, identifying common gene markers. Global gene expression values were standardized using a novel approach, revealing that similarities between independent data sets run deeper than shared DE genes. Correlation of gene expression values identified putative gene regulators of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, of potential therapeutic significance. Our study provides a novel perspective on CF epithelial gene expression in the context of other lung disorders and conditions, and highlights the contribution of differentiation/EMT and injury to gene signatures of respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka A Clarke
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hugo M Botelho
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lisete Sousa
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, DEIO and CEAUL, Portugal
| | - Andre O Falcao
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Informatics, Portugal
| | - Margarida D Amaral
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
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Zheng L, Jian X, Guo F, Li N, Jiang C, Yin P, Min AJ, Huang L. miR-203 inhibits arecoline-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating secreted frizzled-related protein 4 and transmembrane-4 L six family member 1 in oral submucous fibrosis. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2753-60. [PMID: 25872484 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a potentially malignant disease predominantly found in Asian people. The areca nut has been implicated in this disease. Arecoline, one of the areca alkaloids, induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related factors in primary human buccal mucosal fibroblasts. Yet, the mechanisms of the underlying arecoline-induced EMT in OSF remain unknown. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in arecoline-induced EMT in HaCaT cells. We found that miR-203 was significantly downregulated in OSF tissues compared to that in normal buccal mucosa tissues, and that miR-203 negatively regulated secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4) and positively regulated transmembrane-4 L six family member 1 (TM4SF1). We observed that upregulation of miR-203 significantly decreased the cell proliferation of HaCaT cells, and significantly upregulated the expression of cytokeratin 19 (CK19) and E-cadherin proteins, whereas it significantly downregulated the expression of N-cadherin and vimentin compared to these levels in the vehicle control cells. Thus, we provide evidence to illustrate that miR-203 plays a role in the pathogenesis of OSF, which may be a target for OSF management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Zheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xinchun Jian
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Canhua Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Ping Yin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - An-Jie Min
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Long Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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Du Y, Wang L, Wu H, Zhang Y, Wang K, Wu D. MicroRNA-141 inhibits migration of gastric cancer by targeting zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 2. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:3416-3422. [PMID: 25975736 PMCID: PMC4526097 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human microRNA (miR)-141 is a member of the miR-200 family, which has been reported to be downregulated in gastric cancer, and involved in the proliferation of gastric cancer cells. However, little is currently known regarding its role in the migration of gastric cancer. The present study investigated the function of miR-141 in gastric cancer cell migration, and evaluated the contribution of zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 and 2 (ZEB1/2) in miR-141 mediated migration of gastric cancer cells. The expression levels of miR-141 and its potential ZEB1/2 targets were examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blotting, respectively. The migration of SGC-7901 and HGC-27 gastric cancer cells, which had been transfected with an miRNA precursor, was examined by cell migration and wound healing assays. A luciferase activity assay was used to validate whether ZEB1/2 was a direct target of miR-141. The results demonstrated that overexpression of miR-141 markedly inhibited the migration of gastric cancer cells in vitro. Forced overexpression of miR-141 significantly reduced the luciferase activity of the 3′-untranslated region of ZEB2 in gastric cancer cells. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein expression levels of ZEB2 were reduced in cells overexpressing miR-141, whereas the protein expression levels of E-cadherin were increased. In gastric tumor samples the expression levels of ZEB2 were inversely correlated with the expression of miR-141. These results suggest that miR-141 may be involved in the inhibition of gastric cancer cell migration, and that ZEB2 is a target gene of miR-141.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Lingfei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Honghai Wu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Yiyin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Dingting Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
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A multistep high-content screening approach to identify novel functionally relevant target genes in pancreatic cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122946. [PMID: 25849100 PMCID: PMC4388713 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to foster the systematic identification of novel genes with important functional roles in pancreatic cancer, we have devised a multi-stage screening strategy to provide a rational basis for the selection of highly relevant novel candidate genes based on the results of functional high-content analyses. The workflow comprised three consecutive stages: 1) serial gene expression profiling analyses of primary human pancreatic tissues as well as a number of in vivo and in vitro models of tumor-relevant characteristics in order to identify genes with conspicuous expression patterns; 2) use of ‘reverse transfection array’ technology for large-scale parallelized functional analyses of potential candidate genes in cell-based assays; and 3) selection of individual candidate genes for further in-depth examination of their cellular roles. A total of 14 genes, among them 8 from “druggable” gene families, were classified as high priority candidates for individual functional characterization. As an example to demonstrate the validity of the approach, comprehensive functional data on candidate gene ADRBK1/GRK2, which has previously not been implicated in pancreatic cancer, is presented.
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