1
|
Hou B, Wang X, He Z, Liu H. Integrative approach using network pharmacology, bioinformatics, and experimental methods to explore the mechanism of cantharidin in treating colorectal cancer. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03041-7. [PMID: 38507104 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Cantharidin, a terpenoid produced by blister beetles, has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat various ailments and cancers. However, its biological activity, impact, and anticancer mechanisms remain unclear. The Cantharidin chemical gene connections were identified using various databases. The GSE21815 dataset was used to collect the gene expression information. Differential gene analysis and gene ontology analyses were performed. Gene set enrichment analysis was used to assess the activation of disease pathways. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis and differential analysis were used to identify illness-associated genes, examine differential genes, and discover therapeutic targets via protein-protein interactions. MCODE analysis of major subgroup networks was used to identify critical genes influenced by Cantharidin, examine variations in the expression of key clustered genes in colorectal cancer vs. control samples, and describe the subject operators. Single-cell GSE188711 dataset was preprocessed to investigate Cantharidin's therapeutic targets and signaling pathways in colorectal cancer. Single-cell RNA sequencing was utilized to identify 22 cell clusters and marker genes for two different cell types in each cluster. The effects of different Cantharidin concentrations on colorectal cancer cells were studied in vitro. One hundred and ninety-seven Cantharidin-associated target genes and 480 critical genes implicated in the development of the illness were identified. Cantharidin significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of HCT116 cells and promoted apoptosis at certain concentrations. Patients on current therapy develop inherent and acquired resistance. Our study suggests that Cantharidin may play an anti-CRC role by modulating immune function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benchao Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1688, Meiling Avenue, Wanli District, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhijian He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, 519 Beijing East Road, Qingshanhu District, Nanchang, 330029, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Haiyun Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1688, Meiling Avenue, Wanli District, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tang F, Peng Y, Liu J, Gao W, Xu Y. Integrating network pharmacology and experimental models to examine the mechanisms of corosolic acid in preventing hepatocellular carcinoma progression through activation PERK-eIF2a-ATF4 signaling. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:3671-3682. [PMID: 37294427 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02560-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent form of liver cancer, with a high recurrence rate and heterogeneity. We aimed to examine the effect of corosolic acid (CRA) on HCC. We employed transcriptomics to validate the target molecules in CRA-treated HCC cells and conducted enrichment analyses that revealed their involvement in the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis. Our experimental data indicated that CRA markedly induced apoptosis in human HCC cell lines through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. We also revealed that the pro-apoptotic effects of CRA depended on ER stress, as pretreatment with selective ERS inhibitor salubrinal effectively reversed CRA-induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the knockdown of the unfolded protein response (UPR) protein CHOP remarkably abrogated CRA-induced expression of ER stress-associated proteins. Collectively, our results suggest that CRA triggers ER stress-mediated apoptosis in HCC cells via activation of the PERK-eIF2a-ATF4 pathway. Our findings provide novel insights into the potential therapeutic strategies for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feifeng Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Yingxiu Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Jingjin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Wenhui Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Yanfeng Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jin D, Huang NN, Wei JX. Hepatotoxic mechanism of cantharidin: insights and strategies for therapeutic intervention. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1201404. [PMID: 37383714 PMCID: PMC10293652 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1201404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cantharidin (CTD), a natural compound derived from Mylabris, is widely used in traditional Oriental medicine for its potent anticancer properties. However, its clinical application is restricted due to its high toxicity, particularly towards the liver. This review provides a concise understanding of the hepatotoxic mechanisms of CTD and highlights novel therapeutic strategies to mitigate its toxicity while enhancing its anticancer efficacy. We systematically explore the molecular mechanisms underlying CTD-induced hepatotoxicity, focusing on the involvement of apoptotic and autophagic processes in hepatocyte injury. We further discuss the endogenous and exogenous pathways implicated in CTD-induced liver damage and potential therapeutic targets. This review also summarizes the structural modifications of CTD derivatives and their impact on anticancer activity. Additionally, we delve into the advancements in nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems that hold promise in overcoming the limitations of CTD derivatives. By offering valuable insights into the hepatotoxic mechanisms of CTD and outlining potential avenues for future research, this review contributes to the ongoing efforts to develop safer and more effective CTD-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dian Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Sixth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Na-Na Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing-Xia Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Sixth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu C, Li Y, Chen G, Wu C, Wang X, Zhang Y. Bioactive constituents of animal-derived traditional Chinese medicinal materials for breast cancer: opportunities and challenges. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2022; 23:547-563. [PMID: 35794685 PMCID: PMC9264107 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is globally the most common invasive cancer in women and remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. Surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and endocrine therapy are currently the main treatments for this cancer type. However, some breast cancer patients are prone to drug resistance related to chemotherapy or immunotherapy, resulting in limited treatment efficacy. Consequently, traditional Chinese medicinal materials (TCMMs) as natural products have become an attractive source of novel drugs. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge on the active components of animal-derived TCMMs, including Ophiocordycepssinensis-derived cordycepin, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of O.sinensis, norcantharidin (NCTD), Chansu, bee venom, deer antlers, Ostreagigas, and scorpion venom, with reference to marked anti-breast cancer effects due to regulating cell cycle arrest, proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and drug resistance. In future studies, the underlying mechanisms for the antitumor effects of these components need to be further investigated by utilizing multi-omics technologies. Furthermore, large-scale clinical trials are necessary to validate the efficacy of bioactive constituents alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs for breast cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaochao Yu
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Guopeng Chen
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chaoyan Wu
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiuping Wang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yingwen Zhang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
The Role of Bioactive Compounds in Natural Products Extracted from Plants in Cancer Treatment and Their Mechanisms Related to Anticancer Effects. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1429869. [PMID: 35211240 PMCID: PMC8863487 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1429869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the greatest causes of death worldwide. With the development of surgery, radiotherapy, and medical agents, the outcomes of cancer patients have greatly improved. However, the underlying mechanisms of cancer are not yet fully understood. Recently, natural products have been proven to be beneficial for various conditions and have played important roles in the development of novel therapies. A substantial amount of evidence indicates that bioactive compounds could improve the outcomes of cancer patients via various pathways, such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, epigenetic modification, and modulation of oxidative stress. Here, we review the current evidence of bioactive compounds in natural products for the treatment of cancer and summarize the underlying mechanisms in this pathological process.
Collapse
|
6
|
Sun S, Shang E, Ju A, Li Y, Wu Q, Li Q, Yang Y, Guo Y, Yang D, Lv S. Tumor-targeted hyaluronic acid-mPEG modified nanostructured lipid carriers for cantharidin delivery: An in vivo and in vitro study. Fitoterapia 2021; 155:105033. [PMID: 34517057 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.105033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Cantharidin (CTD), the major component of the anti-cancer medicine obtained from Mylabris cichorii, exerts good inhibitory effects on several cancers, such as liver and breast cancer. However, owing to its toxicity, its oral administration can cause various adverse effects, limiting its clinical applications. Therefore, the development of a novel nano-drug delivery system for CTD would be highly beneficial. METHODS A nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) was designed to actively target CTD to tumor cells using a hyaluronic acid (HA)-decorated copolymer (mPEG-NH2); the NLCs were called HA-mPEG-CTD-NLC. HA-mPEG was synthesized using amidation, and HA-mPEG-CTD-NLC was generated through ultrasonic emulsification in water. The mean hydrodynamic diameter of the particles was approximately 119.3 nm. RESULTS Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that the half-life of HA-mPEG-CTD-NLC and its area under the curve were higher than those of a CTD solution. Further, the plasma clearance rate of HA-mPEG-CTD-NLC was 0.41 times that of the CTD solution, implying a significantly prolonged drug retention time in vivo. Fluorescence in vivo endo-microscopy and optical in vivo imaging revealed that HA-mPEG-CTD-NLC had superior cytotoxicity and targeting efficacy against SMMC-7721 cells. An evaluation of the in vivo anti-tumor activity showed that HA-mPEG-CTD-NLC significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival in tumor-bearing mice, with a tumor inhibition rate of 65.96%. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that HA-mPEG-CTD-NLC may have great potential in liver cancer-targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Eryu Shang
- Fire Control Room, Heilongjiang Forest Protection Institute, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Aixia Ju
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yalun Li
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
| | - Qian Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Qiuhong Li
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yuyan Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Dayu Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Shaowa Lv
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chopra B, Dhingra AK. Natural products: A lead for drug discovery and development. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4660-4702. [PMID: 33847440 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Natural products are used since ancient times in folklore for the treatment of various ailments. Plant-derived products have been recognized for many years as a source of therapeutic agents and structural diversity. A literature survey has been carried out to determine the utility of natural molecules and their modified analogs or derivatives as pharmacological active entities. This review presents a study on the importance of natural products in terms of drug discovery and development. It describes how the natural components can be utilized after small modifications in new perspectives. Various new modifications in structure offer a unique opportunity to establish a new molecular entity with better pharmacological potential. It was concluded that in this current era, new attempts are taken to utilize the compounds derived from natural sources as novel drug candidates, with a focus to find and discover new effective molecules that were referred to as "new entities of natural product drug discovery."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Chopra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Dhingra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Clinical application and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of lung cancer. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 133:2987-2997. [PMID: 33065603 PMCID: PMC7752681 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a malignant tumor characterized by a rapid proliferation rate, less survivability, high mortality, and metastatic potential. This review focuses on updated research about the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as an adjuvant therapy to lung cancer treatment and the mechanisms of TCM effect on lung cancer in vitro and in vivo. We summarized the recent 5 years of different research progress on clinical applications and antitumor mechanisms of TCM in the treatment of lung cancer. As a potent adjuvant therapy, TCM could enhance conventional treatments (chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and epidermal growth factor receptors [EGFRs] tyrosine kinase inhibitors [TKIs]) effects as well as provide synergistic effects, enhance chemotherapy drugs chemosensitivity, reverse drug resistance, reduce adverse reactions and toxicity, relieve patients’ pain and improve quality of life (QOL). After treating with TCM, lung cancer cells will induce apoptosis and/or autophagy, suppress metastasis, impact immune reaction, and therapeutic effect of EGFR-TKIs. Therefore, TCM is a promisingly potent adjuvant therapy in the treatment of lung cancer and its multiple mechanisms are worthy of an in-depth study.
Collapse
|
9
|
Naz F, Wu Y, Zhang N, Yang Z, Yu C. Anticancer Attributes of Cantharidin: Involved Molecular Mechanisms and Pathways. Molecules 2020; 25:E3279. [PMID: 32707651 PMCID: PMC7397086 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a preeminent threat to the human race, causing millions of deaths each year on the Earth. Traditionally, natural compounds are deemed promising agents for cancer treatment. Cantharidin (CTD)-a terpenoid isolated from blister beetles-has been used extensively in traditional Chinese medicines for healing various maladies and cancer. CTD has been proven to be protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF-1) inhibitor, which can be potential targets for its anticancer activity. Albeit, it harbors some toxicities, its immense anticancer potential cannot be overlooked, as the cancer-specific delivery of CTD could help to rescue its lethal effects. Furthermore, several derivatives have been designed to weaken its toxicity. In light of extensive research, the antitumor activity of CTD is evident in both in vitro as well as in vivo cancer models. CTD has also proven efficacious in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy and it can also target some drug-resistant cancer cells. This mini-review endeavors to interpret and summarize recent information about CTD anticancer potential and underlying molecular mechanisms. The pertinent anticancer strength of CTD could be employed to develop an effective anticarcinogenic drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhao Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (F.N.); (Y.W.); (N.Z.)
| | - Changyuan Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (F.N.); (Y.W.); (N.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dutta P, Sahu RK, Dey T, Lahkar MD, Manna P, Kalita J. Beneficial role of insect-derived bioactive components against inflammation and its associated complications (colitis and arthritis) and cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 313:108824. [PMID: 31542397 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Insect-based bioactive components are emerging as novel sources of drugs, effective against various diseases. Inflammation is considered to be an innate immune response developed by different organisms against foreign pathogens and cellular stress. However, repetitive elevated inflammation is considered to be responsible for development of many other diseases including colitis and arthritis. Due to the limited activities and side effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, researchers are continuously looking for alternative sources of drug molecules to alleviate the inflammatory related complications. Recently, insect-based bioactive components, such as venoms, haemocytes, cecropin A, papiliocin, N-acetyldopamine dimers, cecropin-TY1 peptide, cop A3 peptide, glycosaminoglycan, coprisin peptide, silk fibroin microparticles, and silk fibroin nanoparticles have been found to be active against different inflammatory mechanisms and associated diseases. Cancers, are some of the deadliest diseases, which are mainly treated by chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery. However, such treatments, mainly chemotherapy, is associated with enormous side effects. Therefore, as an alternative, less hazardous option, compounds from insects with anti-cancerous activity are being explored. Insect-derived compounds, such as cantharidin, norcantharidin, isocoumarin, plancyols A, plancypyrazine A, pancratistatin, narciclasine, and ungeremine, show potential anti-cancerous activity. In this review, we will be discussing the role of different potential drug molecules of insect origin with special emphasis on anti-inflammation and their association with health disorders and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prachurjya Dutta
- Biological Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Ravi Kumar Sahu
- Biological Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tapan Dey
- Biological Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India; Centre for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, 786004, Assam, India
| | - Manisha Datta Lahkar
- Biological Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India
| | - Prasenjit Manna
- Biological Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jatin Kalita
- Biological Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen CC, Chueh FS, Peng SF, Huang WW, Tsai CH, Tsai FJ, Huang CY, Tang CH, Yang JS, Hsu YM, Yin MC, Huang YP, Chung JG. Cantharidin decreased viable cell number in human osteosarcoma U-2 OS cells through G 2/M phase arrest and induction of cell apoptosis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:1912-1923. [PMID: 31187696 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1627182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cantharidin (CTD), a sesquiterpenoid bioactive substance, has been reported to exhibit anticancer activity against various types of cancer cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the apoptosis effects and the underlying mechanisms of CTD on osteosarcoma U-2 OS cells. Results showed that CTD induced cell morphologic changes, reduced total viable cells, induced DNA damage, and G2/M phase arrest. CTD increased the production of reactive oxygen species and Ca2+, and elevated the activities of caspase-3 and -9, but decreased the level of mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, CTD increased the ROS- and ER stress-associated protein expressions and increased the levels of pro-apoptosis-associated proteins, but decreased that of anti-apoptosis-associated proteins. Based on these observations, we suggested that CTD decreased cell number through G2/M phase arrest and the induction of cell apoptosis in U-2 OS cells and CTD could be a potential candidate for osteosarcoma treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ching Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wen Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hai Tsai
- China Medical University Children's Hospital, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan.,Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University , Taichung , Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Man Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chin Yin
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University , Taichung , Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University , Taichung , Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
The Role of the ER-Induced UPR Pathway and the Efficacy of Its Inhibitors and Inducers in the Inhibition of Tumor Progression. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5729710. [PMID: 30863482 PMCID: PMC6378054 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5729710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second most frequent cause of death worldwide. It is considered to be one of the most dangerous diseases, and there is still no effective treatment for many types of cancer. Since cancerous cells have a high proliferation rate, it is pivotal for their proper functioning to have the well-functioning protein machinery. Correct protein processing and folding are crucial to maintain tumor homeostasis. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is one of the leading factors that cause disturbances in these processes. It is induced by impaired function of the ER and accumulation of unfolded proteins. Induction of ER stress affects many molecular pathways that cause the unfolded protein response (UPR). This is the way in which cells can adapt to the new conditions, but when ER stress cannot be resolved, the UPR induces cell death. The molecular mechanisms of this double-edged sword process are involved in the transition of the UPR either in a cell protection mechanism or in apoptosis. However, this process remains poorly understood but seems to be crucial in the treatment of many diseases that are related to ER stress. Hence, understanding the ER stress response, especially in the aspect of pathological consequences of UPR, has the potential to allow us to develop novel therapies and new diagnostic and prognostic markers for cancer.
Collapse
|
13
|
Feng S, Zhu J, Xia K, Yu W, Wang Y, Wang J, Li F, Yang Z, Yang X, Liu B, Tao H, Liang C. Cantharidin Inhibits Anti-Apoptotic Bcl-2 Family Proteins and Induces Apoptosis in Human Osteosarcoma Cell Lines MG-63 and MNNG/HOS via Mitochondria-Dependent Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:6742-6749. [PMID: 30248086 PMCID: PMC6180936 DOI: 10.12659/msm.910294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cantharidin (CTD) is one of the major active ingredients of blister beetles and has significant antitumor activity in many cancer cell lines. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of CTD on the apoptosis of human osteosarcoma cells MG-63 and MNNG/HOS, and to explore the possible molecular mechanism. Material/Methods Osteosarcoma cells MG-63 and MNNG/HOS were treated with varying concentrations of CTD. The proliferation inhibition of cells was detected by MTS. Flow cytometry and Hoechst 33258 staining were used to determine cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and apoptosis-related protein levels were analyzed by Western blotting. Results Our current findings suggest that CTD could inhibit the proliferation of these 2 osteosarcoma cells. The cells treated with CTD showed an obvious apoptotic morphology, and CTD promoted cells apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, cantharidin-induced apoptosis was accompanied by increased expression of Bax and PARP and decreased expression of Bcl-2, p-Akt, and p-Cdc2. Conclusions CTD accelerates the apoptosis of MG-63 and MNNG/HOS cells in a concentration-dependent manner through the mitochondria-dependent pathway, suggesting that use of CTD is a novel approach for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoumin Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland).,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland).,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Kaishun Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland).,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland).,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yitian Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland).,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland).,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Fangcai Li
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland).,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Zhengming Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland).,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland).,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland).,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Huimin Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland).,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Chengzhen Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland).,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xiao Z, Wang C, Tan Z, Hu S, Chen Y, Zhou M, Feng J, Liu S, Chen L, Ding J, Gong Q, Tang F, Liu H, Li X. Clinical efficacy and safety of sodium cantharidinate plus chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 38 randomized controlled trials. J Clin Pharm Ther 2018; 44:23-38. [PMID: 30229971 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Sodium cantharidinate has been widely used in lung cancer treatment in China. To investigate whether sodium cantharidinate improves clinical effectiveness in non-small-cell lung cancer, we systematically re-evaluated all related studies. METHODS All studies of cantharidinate for non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC) were selected from the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science (ISI), China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI), Chinese Scientific Journals Full-Text Database (VIP), Wanfang, China Biological Medicine Database (CBM), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Chinese clinical trial registry (Chi-CTR), WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (WHO-ICTRP) and US-clinical trials databases (established to September 2017). Their quality was evaluated using the Cochrane evaluation handbook of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (5.1.0). The data were extracted following PICO principles and synthesized through meta-analysis. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We included 38 trials involving 2845 patients, but most trials had an unclear risk of bias. Sodium cantharidinate could increase the objective response rate (ORR) (1.52, (1.40-1.66]), disease control rate (DCR) (1.20, [1.16-1.25]) and quality of life (QOL) (1.76, [1.56-1.98]), but not the 1-year overall survival (OS) rate (1.16, [0.91-1.47]) and the 2-year OS rate (1.21, [0.51-2.91]). Subgroup analysis revealed that sodium cantharidinate and vitamin B6 at 0.5, 0.4 or 0.3 mg, and cantharidinate at 0.5 mg could all increase the ORR and DCR. Cantharidinate therapy had a lower risk of neutropenia (0.58, [0.50-0.67]), thrombocytopenia (0.57, [0.45-0.72]), gastrointestinal reaction (0.65, [0.52-0.82]) and nausea/vomiting (0.56, [0.41-0.76]) than that of chemotherapy alone. Sensitivity analysis showed that the results had good robustness. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION Current evidence reveals that sodium cantharidinate can improve tumour responses and QOL with a lower risk of haematotoxicity and gastrointestinal toxicity than chemotherapy alone in NSCLC. However, the evidence does not indicate that it can improve long-term survival rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xiao
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, MOE Virtual Research Center of Evidence-based Medicine at Zunyi Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine (Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine of major infectious diseases), Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Chengqiong Wang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, MOE Virtual Research Center of Evidence-based Medicine at Zunyi Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine (Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine of major infectious diseases), Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhouke Tan
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, MOE Virtual Research Center of Evidence-based Medicine at Zunyi Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Shanshan Hu
- GCP Center, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Yali Chen
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, MOE Virtual Research Center of Evidence-based Medicine at Zunyi Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Minghua Zhou
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, MOE Virtual Research Center of Evidence-based Medicine at Zunyi Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Jihong Feng
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, MOE Virtual Research Center of Evidence-based Medicine at Zunyi Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, MOE Virtual Research Center of Evidence-based Medicine at Zunyi Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine (Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine of major infectious diseases), Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Outpatient Department of Psychological Counseling Clinic, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Qihai Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Fushan Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Special Key Laboratory of Special Antitumor Drugs of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Special Key Laboratory of Special Antitumor Drugs of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kim C, Kim B. Anti-Cancer Natural Products and Their Bioactive Compounds Inducing ER Stress-Mediated Apoptosis: A Review. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10081021. [PMID: 30081573 PMCID: PMC6115829 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second biggest cause of death worldwide. Despite a number of studies being conducted, the effective mechanism for treating cancer has not yet been fully understood. The tumor-microenvironment such as hypoxia, low nutrients could disturb function of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to maintain cellular homeostasis, ultimately leading to the accumulation of unfolded proteins in ER, so-called ER stress. The ER stress has a close relation with cancer. ER stress initiates unfolded protein response (UPR) to re-establish ER homeostasis as an adaptive pathway in cancer. However, persistent ER stress triggers the apoptotic pathway. Therefore, blocking the adaptive pathway of ER stress or facilitating the apoptotic pathway could be an anti-cancer strategy. Recently, natural products and their derivatives have been reported to have anti-cancer effects via ER stress. Here, we address mechanisms of ER stress-mediated apoptosis and highlight strategies for cancer therapy by utilizing ER stress. Furthermore, we summarize anti-cancer activity of the natural products via ER stress in six major types of cancers globally (lung, breast, colorectal, gastric, prostate and liver cancer). This review deepens the understanding of ER stress mechanisms in major cancers as well as the suppressive impact of natural products against cancers via ER stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changmin Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shih YL, Hung FM, Lee CH, Yeh MY, Lee MH, Lu HF, Chen YL, Liu JY, Chung JG. Fisetin Induces Apoptosis of HSC3 Human Oral Cancer Cells Through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Dysfunction of Mitochondria-mediated Signaling Pathways. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 31:1103-1114. [PMID: 29102932 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Oral cancer has been reported to be one of the major cancer-related diseases in human populations and the treatment of oral cancer is still unsatisfied. Fisetin, is a flavonoid from plants and has several biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer function, but its cytotoxicity in human oral cancer cells is unknown. In the present study, we investigated fisetin-induced cytotoxic effects on HSC3 human oral cancer cells in vitro. Materials and Methods/Results: We used flow cytometric assay to show fisetin induced apoptotic cell death through increased reactive oxygen species and Ca2+, but reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential and increased caspase-8, -9 and -3 activities in HSC3 cells. Furthermore, we also used 4' 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining to show that fisetin induced chromatin condensation (apoptotic cell death), and Comet assay to show that fisetin induced DNA damage in HSC3 cells. Western blotting was used to examine the levels of apoptotic-associated protein and results indicated that fisetin increased expression of pro-apoptotic proteins such as B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) antagonist/killer (BAK) and BCL2-associated X (BAX) but reduced that of anti-apoptotic protein such as BCL2 and BCL-x, and increased the cleaved forms of caspase-3, -8 and -9, and cytochrome c, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and endonuclease G (ENDO G) in HSC3 cells. Confocal microscopy showed that fisetin increased the release of cytochrome c, AIF and ENDO G from mitochondria into the cytoplasm. CONCLUSION Based on these observations, we suggest that fisetin induces apoptotic cell death through endoplasmic reticulum stress- and mitochondria-dependent pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Luen Shih
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fang-Ming Hung
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Hsiao Lee
- Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli County, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Yang Yeh
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Mei-Hui Lee
- Department of Genetic Counseling Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsu-Feng Lu
- Department of Restaurant, Hotel and Institutional Management, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Liang Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jia-You Liu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Aidi Injection Plus Docetaxel-Based Chemotherapy in Advanced Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of 36 Randomized Controlled Trials. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:7918258. [PMID: 29991956 PMCID: PMC6016159 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7918258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background. Aidi injection is an important adjuvant anticancer drug commonly used in China. Can Aidi injection plus docetaxel-based chemotherapy improve clinical efficacy with good safety in NSCLC? To further reveal its clinical effectiveness, we systematically evaluated all the related studies. Method. We collected all the studies about Aidi injection plus docetaxel-based chemotherapy for NSCLC on Medline, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, CBM, CENTRAL, Chi-CTR, and US-clinical trials. We evaluated their methodological bias risk according to the Cochrane evaluation handbook (5.1.0), extracted data following the predesigned data extraction form according to the PICO principle, and synthesized the data using meta-analysis. Results. We included 36 RCTs with 2837 patients, and most studies had unclear bias risk. The merged RR values and their 95% CI of meta-analysis for ORR, DCR, and QOL were as follows: 1.30 (1.19, 1.42), 1.17, (1.12, 1.22), and 1.73 (1.54, 1.95). The merged RR values for neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, gastrointestinal toxicity, hepatorenal dysfunctions, and alopecia were as follows: 0.70 (0.61, 0.79), 0.63 (0.53, 0.75), 0.60 (0.48, 0.75), 0.76 (0.65, 0.89), 0.56 (0.36, 0.88), and 0.58 (0.36, 0.93). Compared with chemotherapy alone, all differences were statistically significant. Subgroup analysis showed that, with 100 ml, 80-100 ml, and 50 ml, Aidi injection could increase the tumor response and Aidi injection plus DP, DC, and DO could increase the tumor response. Meta-analysis results had good stability. Conclusions. Aidi injection plus docetaxel-based chemotherapy, especially plus DP, DC, and DO, may significantly improve the clinical efficacy and QOL in NSCLC. It may also have low risk of hematotoxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity, and low risk of inducing hepatorenal dysfunctions. Aidi injection may have attenuation and synergistic efficacy to docetaxel chemotherapy. All these need to have new evidence to be proved.
Collapse
|
18
|
Hsieh FS, Hung MH, Wang CY, Chen YL, Hsiao YJ, Tsai MH, Li JR, Chen LJ, Shih CT, Chao TI, Chen KF. Inhibition of protein phosphatase 5 suppresses non-small cell lung cancer through AMP-activated kinase activation. Lung Cancer 2017; 112:81-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2017.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
19
|
Seabrooks L, Hu L. Insects: an underrepresented resource for the discovery of biologically active natural products. Acta Pharm Sin B 2017; 7:409-426. [PMID: 28752026 PMCID: PMC5518667 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nature has been the source of life-changing and -saving medications for centuries. Aspirin, penicillin and morphine are prime examples of Nature׳s gifts to medicine. These discoveries catalyzed the field of natural product drug discovery which has mostly focused on plants. However, insects have more than twice the number of species and entomotherapy has been in practice for as long as and often in conjunction with medicinal plants and is an important alternative to modern medicine in many parts of the world. Herein, an overview of current traditional medicinal applications of insects and characterization of isolated biologically active molecules starting from approximately 2010 is presented. Insect natural products reviewed were isolated from ants, bees, wasps, beetles, cockroaches, termites, flies, true bugs, moths and more. Biological activities of these natural products from insects include antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang X, Lin CC, Chan WKN, Liu KL, Yang ZJ, Zhang HQ. Augmented Anticancer Effects of Cantharidin with Liposomal Encapsulation: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071052. [PMID: 28672816 PMCID: PMC6152072 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PEGylated liposomes have received much attention as pharmaceutical carriers to deliver chemotherapeutic agents for therapeutic purpose. The aim of this study was to prepare and characterize PEGylated liposome of cantharidin and investigate its therapeutic effect on human hepatocellular carcinoma treatment in vitro and in vivo. Liposomal cantharidin was evaluated for their anticancer effects in vitro using human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and in vivo using HepG2-bearing nude mice compared to free drug. PEGylated liposome of cantharidin had a particle size of 129.9 nm and a high encapsulation efficacy of approximately 88.9%. The liposomal cantharidin had a higher anti-proliferative effect vis-à-vis free cantharidin in inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Liposomal cantharidin killed more HepG2 cancer cells at the same concentration equivalent to free cantharidin. Further study in vivo also showed that liposomal cantharidin achieved a higher tumor growth inhibition efficacy than free drug on hepatocellular carcinoma. As our study exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells and augmented tumor inhibitory effects in vivo, the results validate the potential value of cantharidin-liposome in improving the therapeutic efficacy of cantharidin for liver cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Cong-Cong Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | - Kang-Lun Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zhi-Jun Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Changshu Research Institute, Hong Kong Baptist University, Changshu Economic and Technological Development (CETD) Zone, Changshu 215500, China.
| | - Hong-Qi Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Mitochondria play a key role in ATP generation, redox homeostasis and regulation of apoptosis. Due to the essential role of mitochondria in metabolism and cell survival, targeting mitochondria in cancer cells is considered as an attractive therapeutic strategy. However, metabolic flexibility in cancer cells may enable the upregulation of compensatory pathways, such as glycolysis to support cancer cell survival when mitochondrial metabolism is inhibited. Thus, compounds capable of both targeting mitochondria and inhibiting glycolysis may be particularly useful to overcome such drug-resistant mechanism. This review provides an update on recent development in the field of targeting mitochondria and novel compounds that impact mitochondria, glycolysis or both. Key challenges in this research area and potential solutions are also discussed.
Collapse
|
22
|
Kuo JH, Huang AC, Lin JJ, Lai KC, Wu RSC, Yang JL, Ji BC, Yang MD, Chu YL, Chung JG. Cantharidin alters the expression of genes associated with the NKG2D-associated immune response in TSGH-8301 human bladder carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:234-240. [PMID: 28693159 PMCID: PMC5494876 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cantharidin (CTD) is a natural toxin in beetles of the Mylabris genus (blister beetle), which has been revealed to induce cell death in various types of human cancer cells. However, to the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have investigated the effect of CTD on the expression of genes and their associated signaling pathways in human bladder carcinoma cells. In the present study, CTD-induced cell morphological changes and apoptosis were observed using phase-contrast microscopy and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay, respectively, in TSGH-8301 human bladder carcinoma cells. In addition, a complementary DNA microarray analysis demonstrated that CTD treatment led to a >2-fold upregulation of 269 genes. For example, the DNA damage-associated gene DNA-damage-inducible transcript 3 had a 4.75-fold upregulation. Furthermore, another 286 genes were >2-fold downregulated in response to CTD treatment. Matrix-remodeling associated 5, which is associated with cell migration and invasion, was downregulated 7.98-fold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jehn-Hwa Kuo
- Special Class of Healthcare, Industry Management, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 40601, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Urology, Jen-Ai Hospital, Taichung 412, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - An-Cheng Huang
- Department of Nursing, St. Mary's Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Yilan 26644, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jen-Jyh Lin
- Division of Cardiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuang-Chi Lai
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin 651, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Rick Sai-Chuen Wu
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Anesthesiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jiun-Long Yang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Bin-Chuan Ji
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Mei-Due Yang
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Lin Chu
- International Master's Degree Program in Food Science, Department of Food Science, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan, R.O.C
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lee CH, Shih YL, Lee MH, Au MK, Chen YL, Lu HF, Chung JG. Bufalin Induces Apoptosis of Human Osteosarcoma U-2 OS Cells through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Caspase- and Mitochondria-Dependent Signaling Pathways. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030437. [PMID: 28287444 PMCID: PMC6155407 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone cancer is one of the cancer-related diseases, and there are increased numbers of patients with bone cancer worldwide. Therefore the efficacy of treatment of bone cancer is considered extremely vital. Bufalin has been showed to have biological activities including anticancer activities in vitro and in vivo. However, the exact associated mechanisms for bufalin induced apoptosis in human bone cancer cells are still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of bufalin on the cytotoxic effects in U-2 OS human osteosarcoma cells. For examining apoptotic cell deaths, we used flow cytometry assay, Annexin V/PI double staining, and TUNNEL assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ca2+, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and caspase-8, -9 and -3 activities were measured by flow cytometry assay. Furthermore, western blotting and a confocal laser microscopy examination were used for measuring the alterations of apoptotic associated protein expression and translocation, respectively. The results indicated that bufalin induced cell morphological changes, decreased the viable cell number, induced apoptotic cell death, and increased the apoptotic cell number, and affected apoptotic associated protein expression in U-2 OS cells. Bufalin increased apoptotic proteins such as Bak, and decreased anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-x in U-2 OS cells. Furthermore, bufalin increased the protein levels of cytochrome c (Cyto c), AIF (Apoptosis inducing factor) and Endo G (Endonuclease G) in cytoplasm that were also confirmed by confocal microscopy examination. Based on those findings, bufalin induced apoptotic cell death in U-2 OS cells may be via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, caspase-, and mitochondria-dependent pathways; thus, we may suggest that bufalin could be used as an anti-cancer agent for the treatment of osteosarcoma in the future, and further in vivo studies are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hsiao Lee
- Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli Country 356, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Luen Shih
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111, Taiwan.
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Hui Lee
- Department of Genetic Counseling Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
| | - Man-Kuan Au
- Department of Orthopedics, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Liang Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Hsu-Feng Lu
- Restaurant, Hotel and Institutional Management, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan.
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li CC, Yu FS, Fan MJ, Chen YY, Lien JC, Chou YC, Lu HF, Tang NY, Peng SF, Huang WW, Chung JG. Anticancer effects of cantharidin in A431 human skin cancer (Epidermoid carcinoma) cells in vitro and in vivo. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:723-738. [PMID: 27113412 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cantharidin (CTD), a potential anticancer agent of Traditional Chinese Medicine has cytotxic effects in different human cancer cell lines. The cytotoxic effects of CTD on A431 human skin cancer (epidermoid carcinoma) cells in vitro and in A431 cell xenograft mouse model were examined. In vitro, A431 human skin cell were treated with CTD for 24 and 48 h. Cell phase distribution, ROS production, Ca2+ release, Caspase activity and the level of apoptosis associated proteins were measured. In vivo, A431 cell xenograft mouse model were examined. CTD-induced cell morphological changes and decreased percentage of viable A431 cells via G0/G1 phase arrest and induced apoptosis. CTD-induced G0/G1 phase arrest through the reduction of protein levels of cyclin E, CDK6, and cyclin D in A431 cells. CTD-induced cell apoptosis of A431 cells also was confirm by DNA gel electrophoresis showed CTD-induced DNA fragmentation. CTD reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential and stimulated release of cytochrome c, AIF and Endo G in A431 cells. Flow cytometry demonstrated that CTD increased activity of caspase-8, -9 and -3. However, when cells were pretreated with specific caspase inhibitors activity was reduced and cell viability increased. CTD increased protein levels of death receptors such as DR4, DR5, TRAIL and levels of the active form of caspase-8, -9 and -3 in A431 cells. AIF and Endo G proteins levels were also enhanced by CTD. In vivo studies showed that CTD significantly inhibited A431 cell xenograft tumors in mice. Taken together, these in vitro and in vivo results provide insight into the mechanisms of CTD on cell growth and tumor production. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 723-738, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chuan Li
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, 404
| | - Fu-Shun Yu
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, 404
| | - Ming-Jen Fan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, 413
| | - Ya-Yin Chen
- Department of Chinese-Western Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, 402
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, 402
| | - Jin-Cherng Lien
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, 404
| | - Yu-Cheng Chou
- Division of Neurosurgical Oncology, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, 407
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, 114
| | - Hsu-Feng Lu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, 112
| | - Nou-Ying Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, 402
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, 404
| | - Wen-Wen Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, 404
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, 404
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, 413
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bhat TA, Chaudhary AK, Kumar S, O'Malley J, Inigo JR, Kumar R, Yadav N, Chandra D. Endoplasmic reticulum-mediated unfolded protein response and mitochondrial apoptosis in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1867:58-66. [PMID: 27988298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abrogation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein folding triggered by exogenous or endogenous factors, stimulates a cellular stress response, termed ER stress. ER stress re-establishes ER homeostasis through integrated signaling termed the ER-unfolded protein response (UPRER). In the presence of severe toxic or prolonged ER stress, the pro-survival function of UPRER is transformed into a lethal signal transmitted to and executed through mitochondria. Mitochondria are key for both apoptotic and autophagic cell death. Thus ER is vital in sensing and coordinating stress pathways to maintain overall physiological homeostasis. However, this function is deregulated in cancer, resulting in resistance to apoptosis induction in response to various stressors including therapeutic agents. Here we review the connections between ER stress and mitochondrial apoptosis, describing potential cancer therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tariq A Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Ajay K Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Jordan O'Malley
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Joseph R Inigo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Neelu Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Dhyan Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sun X, Cai X, Yang J, Chen J, Guo C, Cao P. Cantharidin Overcomes Imatinib Resistance by Depleting BCR-ABL in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Mol Cells 2016; 39:869-876. [PMID: 27989101 PMCID: PMC5223104 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cantharidin (CTD) is an active compound isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine blister beetle and displayed anticancer properties against various types of cancer cells. However, little is known about its effect on human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells, including imatinib-resistant CML cells. The objective of this study was to investigate whether CTD could overcome imatinib resistance in imatinib-resistant CML cells and to explore the possible underlying mechanisms associated with the effect. Our results showed that CTD strongly inhibited the growth of both imatinib-sensitive and imatinib-resistant CML cells. CTD induced cell cycle arrest at mitotic phase and triggered DNA damage in CML cells. The ATM/ATR inhibitor CGK733 abrogated CTD-induced mitotic arrest but promoted the cytotoxic effects of CTD. In addition, we demonstrated that CTD downregulated the expression of the BCR-ABL protein and suppressed its downstream signal transduction. Real-time quantitative PCR revealed that CTD inhibited BCR-ABL at transcriptional level. Knockdown of BCR-ABL increased the cell-killing effects of CTD in K562 cells. These findings indicated that CTD overcomes imatinib resistance through depletion of BCR-ABL. Taken together, CTD is an important new candidate agent for CML therapy.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Cantharidin/administration & dosage
- Cantharidin/pharmacology
- Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects
- DNA Damage
- Drug Synergism
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/deficiency
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate/administration & dosage
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028,
China
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu,
China
| | - Xueting Cai
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028,
China
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu,
China
| | - Jie Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028,
China
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu,
China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028,
China
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu,
China
| | - Caixia Guo
- Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101,
China
| | - Peng Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028,
China
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu,
China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gao S, Tan H, Zhu N, Gao H, Lv C, Gang J, Ji Y. Oridonin induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:2453-60. [PMID: 27082253 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Oridonin is one of the most important antitumor active ingredients of Rabdosia rubescens. Recently published studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that oridonin was able to arrest human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells at G2/M phase. However, little is known about inducing apoptosis in gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oridonin on antineoplastic capability of SGC-7901 cells and the detailed molecular mechanism of oridonin-mediated intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay while apoptosis induced by oridonin was determined by Hoechst 33342 staining assay and Annexin V/PI double staining assay. Early apoptotic rate was stained by Annexin V/PI and detected by flow cytometry. Apoptosis pathway was analyzed by western blot analysis of Bcl-2, Bax, cytochrome c and caspase-3 expression. The results showed that oridonin was able to inhibit the SGC-7901 cell proliferation, the 50% growth inhibition (IC50) was 22.74 µM. Oridonin could induce cell apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells and the early apoptotic rates induced by 0, 20, 40, 80 µmol/l oridonin were 1.53±0.67, 3.33±0.29, 84.80±0.82 and 96.43±0.51%, respectively. Western blot analysis revealed that oridonin downregulated Bcl-2 protein (the anti-apoptotic factor) and upregulated Bax protein (pro-apoptotic factor), eventually leading to a reduction in the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax proteins. Furthermore, oridonin induced the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytosol and the activation of caspase-3. Taken together, the current study suggested that oridonin induced apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells via the mitochondrial signal pathway, which may represent one of the major mechanisms of oridonin-mediated apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyong Gao
- The Institute of Materia Medica, The Research Center of Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, P.R. China
| | - Huixin Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Anticancer Drugs of Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, P.R. China
| | - Haiyu Gao
- The Institute of Materia Medica, The Research Center of Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, P.R. China
| | - Chunyu Lv
- The Institute of Materia Medica, The Research Center of Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, P.R. China
| | - Jian Gang
- The Institute of Materia Medica, The Research Center of Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, P.R. China
| | - Yubin Ji
- The Institute of Materia Medica, The Research Center of Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chiang LL, Tseng IJ, Lin PY, Sheu SY, Lin CT, Hsieh YH, Lin YJ, Chen HL, Lin MH. Synthesis of Canthardin Sulfanilamides and Their Acid Anhydride Analogues via a Ring-Opening Reaction of Activated Aziridines and Their Associated Pharmacological Effects. Molecules 2016; 21:100. [PMID: 26784163 PMCID: PMC6273973 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cantharidinimide derivatives, 5a-h, including sulfanilamides containing pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, hydrogen, thiazolyl, and oxazolyl groups were synthesized. Modification of cantharidinimide by means of the reaction of activated aziridine ring opening led to the discovery of a novel class of antitumor compounds. The analogues 10i-k, 11l-n, 12o-p, and 16q-s were obtained from treating cantharidinimide 6 and analogues (7, 8, and 13) with activated aziridines, which produced a series of ring-opened products including normal and abnormal types. Some of these compounds showed cytotoxic effects in vitro against HL-60, Hep3B, MCF7, and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. The most potent cytostatic compound, N-cantharidinimido-sulfamethazine (5a), exhibited anti-HL-60 and anti-Hep3B cell activities. Two compounds 5g and 5h displayed slight effects on the Hep3B cell line, while the other compounds produced no response in these four cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Chiang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Chest Medicine Department, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Ing-Jy Tseng
- Gerontology Health Management, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Pen-Yuan Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Shiow-Yunn Sheu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Tung Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Tam-Kang University, Danshui 25137, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Han Hsieh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Jing Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Ling Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Hsiang Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Farooqi AA, Li KT, Fayyaz S, Chang YT, Ismail M, Liaw CC, Yuan SSF, Tang JY, Chang HW. Anticancer drugs for the modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:5743-52. [PMID: 26188905 PMCID: PMC4546701 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3797-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior research has demonstrated how the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) functions as a multifunctional organelle and as a well-orchestrated protein-folding unit. It consists of sensors which detect stress-induced unfolded/misfolded proteins and it is the place where protein folding is catalyzed with chaperones. During this folding process, an immaculate disulfide bond formation requires an oxidized environment provided by the ER. Protein folding and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a protein oxidative byproduct in ER are crosslinked. An ER stress-induced response also mediates the expression of the apoptosis-associated gene C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) and death receptor 5 (DR5). ER stress induces the upregulation of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor and opening new horizons for therapeutic research. These findings can be used to maximize TRAIL-induced apoptosis in xenografted mice. This review summarizes the current understanding of the interplay between ER stress and ROS. We also discuss how damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) function as modulators of immunogenic cell death and how natural products and drugs have shown potential in regulating ER stress and ROS in different cancer cell lines. Drugs as inducers and inhibitors of ROS modulation may respectively exert inducible and inhibitory effects on ER stress and unfolded protein response (UPR). Reconceptualization of the molecular crosstalk among ROS modulating effectors, ER stress, and DAMPs will lead to advances in anticancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), KRL Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang Y, Bai C, Guan H, Chen R, Wang X, Wang B, Jin H, Piao F. Subchronic exposure to arsenic induces apoptosis in the hippocampus of the mouse brains through the Bcl‐2/Bax pathway. J Occup Health 2015; 57:212-21. [PMID: 25787108 DOI: 10.1539/joh.14-0226-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yachen Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental HealthDalian Medical UniversityP.R. China
| | - Canming Bai
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical UniversityP.R. China
| | - Huai Guan
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyNo. 210 Hospital of PLAP.R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyGeneral Hospital of Beijing Military CommandP.R. China
| | - Ruolin Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental HealthDalian Medical UniversityP.R. China
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental HealthDalian Medical UniversityP.R. China
| | - Bingwen Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental HealthDalian Medical UniversityP.R. China
| | - Hetian Jin
- Department of Radiation OncologyNo. 202 Hospital of PLAP.R. China
| | - Fengyuan Piao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental HealthDalian Medical UniversityP.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tian X, Zeng G, Li X, Wu Z, Wang L. Cantharidin inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis in tongue squamous cell carcinoma through suppression of miR-214 and regulation of p53 and Bcl-2/Bax. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:3061-8. [PMID: 25962755 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cantharidin, a type of terpenoid, is a chemical compount secreted by the blister beetle or Mylabris phelarata pallas of the Meloidae family. Cantharidin is known to have good antitumor activity. The present study aimed to investigate the anticancer effect of cantharidin and its possible underlying mechanism using tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) TCA8113 cells. TCA8113 cells were treated with various concentrations of cantharidin, and the cell viability and cytotoxicity were assessed using MTT and LDH assays, respectively. Flow cytometry was conducted to examine cell apoptosis and colorimetric protease assay was performed to analyze caspase-9/3 activities in TCA8113 cells. qPCR and western blot analysis were used to investigate microRNA-214 (miR-214) expression, as well as the expression of p53, Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in TCA8113 cells. miR-214 and anti-miR-214 were transfected with mimics to examine whether miR-214 expression regulated the anticancer effect of cantharidin on TCA8113 cells and p53, Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression. The anticancer effect of cantharidin significantly inhibited cell proliferation and increased cytotoxicity of TSCC Tca8113 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, cantharidin induced cell apoptosis and activated caspase-9/3 activities of TSCC Tca8113 cells. Cantharidin markedly weakened miR-214 expression level, activated p53 protein expression, and suppressed the Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathway in Tca8113 cells. Downregulation of miR-214 increased p53 protein expression and decreased the Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathway of TSCC Tca8113 cells. However, the overexpression of miR-214 reduced the anticancer effect of cantharidin on the proliferation and apoptosis of TSCC Tca8113 cells, inhibited p53 protein expression, and increased the Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathway. The results suggested that cantharidin is a potential anticancer drug that can be used to regulate the proliferation and apoptosis of human TSCC Tca8113 cells. Additionally, its mechanism may partially be associated with the downregulation of miR-214, upregulation of p53 protein expression and suppression of the Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Guang Zeng
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Xi Li
- Hospital of Chongming Air Force Field, Shanghai 202150, P.R. China
| | - Zizhong Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The 88th Hospital of PLA, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Qi Y, Li SY, Piao FY, Wang ZM, Chen RL, Liu S, Shen JS. 2,5-Hexanedione induces apoptosis via a mitochondria-mediated pathway in PC12 cells. Mol Cell Toxicol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-015-0010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
33
|
Hsia TC, Yu CC, Hsu SC, Tang NY, Lu HF, Yu CS, Wu SH, Lin JG, Chung JG. cDNA microarray analysis of the effect of cantharidin on DNA damage, cell cycle and apoptosis-associated gene expression in NCI-H460 human lung cancer cells in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:1030-42. [PMID: 25815777 PMCID: PMC4438957 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cantharidin (CTD) induces cytotoxic effects in different types of human cancer cell; however, to date, there have been no studies on the effects of CTD on gene expression in human lung cancer cells and the potential associated signaling pathways. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate how CTD affects the expression of key genes and functional pathways of human H460 lung cancer cells using complementary DNA microarray analysis. Human H460 lung cancer cells were cultured for 24 h in the presence or absence of 10 µM CTD; gene expression was then examined using microarray analysis. The results indicated that 8 genes were upregulated > 4-fold, 29 genes were upregulated >3-4-fold and 156 genes were upregulated >2-3-fold. In addition, 1 gene was downregulated >4 fold, 14 genes were downregulated >3-4-fold and 150 genes were downregulated >2-3 fold in H460 cells following exposure to CTD. It was found that CTD affected DNA damage genes, including DNIT3 and GADD45A, which were upregulated 2.26- and 2.60-fold, respectively, as well as DdiT4, which was downregulated 3.14-fold. In addition, the expression of genes associated with the cell cycle progression were altered, including CCND2, CDKL3 and RASA4, which were upregulated 2.72-, 2.19- and 2.72-fold, respectively; however, CDC42EP3 was downregulated 2.16-fold. Furthermore, apoptosis-associated genes were differentially expressed, including CARD6, which was upregulated 3.54-fold. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that CTD affected the expression of genes associated with DNA damage, cell cycle progression and apoptotic cell death in human lung cancer H460 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Te-Chun Hsia
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chien-Chih Yu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Nou-Ying Tang
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsu-Feng Lu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 11220, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Shu Yu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shin-Hwar Wu
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jaung-Geng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
CHEN R, LIU S, PIAO F, WANG Z, QI Y, LI S, ZHANG D, SHEN J. 2,5-hexanedione induced apoptosis in mesenchymal stem cells from rat bone marrow via mitochondria-dependent caspase-3 pathway. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2015; 53:222-35. [PMID: 25739802 PMCID: PMC4466875 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2014-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
2,5-hexanedione (HD) induces apoptosis of nerve cells. However,the mechanism of HD-induced apoptosis remains unknown. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotential stem cells with the ability to differentiate into various cell types. This study is designed to investigate the apoptosis induced by HD in rat bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs) and the related underlying mechanisms. The fifth generation of MSCs was treated with 0, 10, 20 and 40 mM HD respectively. The viability of BMSCs was observed by MTT. Apoptosis were estimated by Hoechst 33342 staining and TUNEL assay. The disruption of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MMP) was examined by JC-1 staining. Moreover, the expression of Bax and Bcl-2, cytochrome c release, and caspase-3 activity were determined by real-time RT-PCR, Western blot and Spectrophotometry. Our results showed that HD induced apoptosis in MSCs in a dose dependent manner. Moreover, HD downregulated the Bcl-2 expression,upregulated the Bax expression and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, promoted the disruption of MMP, induced the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol, and increased the activity of caspase-3 in MSCs. These results indicate that HD induces apoptosis in MSCs and the activated mitochondria-dependent caspase-3 pathway may be involved in the HD-induced apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruolin CHEN
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian
Medical University, China
| | - Shuang LIU
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian
Medical University, China
| | - Fengyuan PIAO
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian
Medical University, China
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: (F.
Piao); (J.
Shen)
| | - Zhemin WANG
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian
Medical University, China
| | - Yuan QI
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian
Medical University, China
| | - Shuangyue LI
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian
Medical University, China
| | - Dongmei ZHANG
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University,
China
| | - Jingshun SHEN
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian
Medical University, China
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: (F.
Piao); (J.
Shen)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Inhibition of autoimmune Chagas-like heart disease by bone marrow transplantation. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3384. [PMID: 25521296 PMCID: PMC4270743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection with the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi manifests in mammals as Chagas heart disease. The treatment available for chagasic cardiomyopathy is unsatisfactory. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To study the disease pathology and its inhibition, we employed a syngeneic chicken model refractory to T. cruzi in which chickens hatched from T. cruzi inoculated eggs retained parasite kDNA (1.4 kb) minicircles. Southern blotting with EcoRI genomic DNA digests revealed main 18 and 20 kb bands by hybridization with a radiolabeled minicircle sequence. Breeding these chickens generated kDNA-mutated F1, F2, and F3 progeny. A targeted-primer TAIL-PCR (tpTAIL-PCR) technique was employed to detect the kDNA integrations. Histocompatible reporter heart grafts were used to detect ongoing inflammatory cardiomyopathy in kDNA-mutated chickens. Fluorochromes were used to label bone marrow CD3+, CD28+, and CD45+ precursors of the thymus-dependent CD8α+ and CD8β+ effector cells that expressed TCRγδ, vβ1 and vβ2 receptors, which infiltrated the adult hearts and the reporter heart grafts. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Genome modifications in kDNA-mutated chickens can be associated with disruption of immune tolerance to compatible heart grafts and with rejection of the adult host's heart and reporter graft, as well as tissue destruction by effector lymphocytes. Autoimmune heart rejection was largely observed in chickens with kDNA mutations in retrotransposons and in coding genes with roles in cell structure, metabolism, growth, and differentiation. Moreover, killing the sick kDNA-mutated bone marrow cells with cytostatic and anti-folate drugs and transplanting healthy marrow cells inhibited heart rejection. We report here for the first time that healthy bone marrow cells inhibited heart pathology in kDNA+ chickens and thus prevented the genetically driven clinical manifestations of the disease.
Collapse
|
36
|
Hsiao YP, Tsai CH, Wu PP, Hsu SC, Liu HC, Huang YP, Yang JH, Chung JG. Cantharidin induces G2/M phase arrest by inhibition of Cdc25c and Cyclin A and triggers apoptosis through reactive oxygen species and the mitochondria‑dependent pathways of A375.S2 human melanoma cells. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:2393-402. [PMID: 25340978 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cantharidin (CTD), a component of natural mylabris (Mylabris phalerata Pallas) was reported to have high cytotoxicity in many human cancer cell lines. However, it was not reported to affect human melanoma A375.S2 cells. In the present study, we found that CTD induced cell morphological changes and decreased the percentage of viable cells and induced G2/M phase arrest and induction of apoptosis in A375.S2 cells. Results also showed that CTD induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+ and decreased mitochondria membrane potential and lead to the release of cytochrome c, AIF and Endo G. Further investigation revealed that CTD induced A375.S2 cells with an increase of caspase activation and caspase-dependent apoptotic proteins to trigger correlated pathway mechanisms according to western blotting results. Western blotting was used for examining the changes of G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis-associated protein expression and confocal laser microscopy was used to examine the translocation apoptosis-associated protein. Results showed that CTD increased the protein expression of caspase-3, -8 and -9, cytochrome c, Bax, Bid, Endo G and AIF but inhibited the levels of Bcl-2 and Bcl-x. CTD induced ER stress-associated protein expression such as GRP78, IRE1β, ATF6α and caspase-12. Based on those observations, we suggest that CTD may have potential as a novel anti-cancer agent for the treatment of skin cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ping Hsiao
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chung-Hung Tsai
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ping-Ping Wu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsin-Chung Liu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jen-Hung Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| |
Collapse
|