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Saranya KR, Vimina ER. DRN-CDR: A cancer drug response prediction model using multi-omics and drug features. Comput Biol Chem 2024; 112:108175. [PMID: 39191166 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2024.108175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Cancer drug response (CDR) prediction is an important area of research that aims to personalize cancer therapy, optimizing treatment plans for maximum effectiveness while minimizing potential negative effects. Despite the advancements in Deep learning techniques, the effective integration of multi-omics data for drug response prediction remains challenging. In this paper, a regression method using Deep ResNet for CDR (DRN-CDR) prediction is proposed. We aim to explore the potential of considering sole cancer genes in drug response prediction. Here the multi-omics data such as gene expressions, mutation data, and methylation data along with the molecular structural information of drugs were integrated to predict the IC50 values of drugs. Drug features are extracted by employing a Uniform Graph Convolution Network, while Cell line features are extracted using a combination of Convolutional Neural Network and Fully Connected Networks. These features are then concatenated and fed into a deep ResNet for the prediction of IC50 values between Drug - Cell line pairs. The proposed method yielded higher Pearson's correlation coefficient (rp) of 0.7938 with lowest Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) value of 0.92 when compared with similar methods of tCNNS, MOLI, DeepCDR, TGSA, NIHGCN, DeepTTA, GraTransDRP and TSGCNN. Further, when the model is extended to a classification problem to categorize drugs as sensitive or resistant, we achieved AUC and AUPR measures of 0.7623 and 0.7691, respectively. The drugs such as Tivozanib, SNX-2112, CGP-60474, PHA-665752, Foretinib etc., exhibited low median IC50 values and were found to be effective anti-cancer drugs. The case studies with different TCGA cancer types also revealed the effectiveness of SNX-2112, CGP-60474, Foretinib, Cisplatin, Vinblastine etc. This consistent pattern strongly suggests the effectiveness of the model in predicting CDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Saranya
- Department of Computer Science and IT, School of Computing, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi Campus, India
| | - E R Vimina
- Department of Computer Science and IT, School of Computing, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi Campus, India.
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2
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Zhu S, Yu Y, Yang M, Liu X, Lai M, Zhong J, Zhao X, Lu L, Liu Y. Hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy combined with the FOLFOX regimen for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: recent advances and literature review. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2024; 24:423-434. [PMID: 38651280 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2024.2346624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The incidence of primary liver cancer (PLC) has experienced a significant global increase, primarily attributed to the rise in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Unfortunately, HCC is often diagnosed in advanced stages, leaving patients with limited treatment options. Therefore, transformation therapy is a crucial approach for long-term survival and radical resection in patients with advanced HCC. Conversion therapy has demonstrated promise in the treatment of advanced HCC. When integrated with the FOLFOX regimen, hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) can significantly improve tumor response efficiency, leading to high conversion and resection rates. AREAS COVERED We reviewed landmark trials of HAIC in combination with different drugs or means for the treatment of HCC to determine the clinical value of HAIC-centric translational therapies in HCC treatment. Furthermore, we specifically emphasize the advantages associated with employing FOLFOX-HAIC in the treatment of advanced HCC. EXPERT OPINION The combination of HAIC with the FOLFOX regimen can help prevent the low intratumoral accumulation and high adverse reaction rate caused by the FOLFOX alone, holding significant potential in the comprehensive treatment of future HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqi Zhu
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yahan Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingqi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingkai Lai
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Jieren Zhong
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
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Chen VCH, Huang SL, Huang JY, Hsu TC, Tzang BS, McIntyre RS. Combined Administration of Escitalopram Oxalate and Nivolumab Exhibits Synergistic Growth-Inhibitory Effects on Liver Cancer Cells through Inducing Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12630. [PMID: 37628813 PMCID: PMC10454364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most lethal malignant cancers worldwide. However, the therapeutic options for advanced liver cancers are limited and reveal scant efficacy. The current study investigated the effects of nivolumab (Niv) and escitalopram oxalate (Esc) in combination on proliferation of liver cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Significantly decreased viability of HepG2 cells that were treated with Esc or Niv was observed in a dose-dependent manner at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. Administration of Esc (50 μM) + Niv (20 μM), Esc (75 μM) + Niv (5 μM), and Esc (75 μM) + Niv (20 μM) over 24 h exhibited synergistic effects, inhibiting the survival of HepG2 cells. Additionally, treatment with Esc (50 μM) + Niv (1 μM), Esc (50 μM) + Niv (20 μM), and Esc (75 μM) + Niv (20 μM) over 48 h exhibited synergistic effects, inhibiting the survival of HepG2 cells. Finally, treatment with Esc (50 μM) + Niv (1 μM), Esc (50 μM) + Niv (20 μM), and Esc (75 μM) + Niv (20 μM) for 72 h exhibited synergistic effects, inhibiting HepG2 survival. Com-pared with controls, HepG2 cells treated with Esc (50 μM) + Niv (20 μM) exhibited significantly increased sub-G1 portion and annexin-V signals. In a xenograft animal study, Niv (6.66 mg/kg) + Esc (2.5 mg/kg) significantly suppressed the growth of xenograft HepG2 tumors in nude mice. This study reports for the first time the synergistic effects of combined administration of Niv and Esc for inhibiting HepG2 cell proliferation, which may provide an alternative option for liver cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Chin-Hung Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61303, Taiwan; (S.-L.H.); (J.-Y.H.)
| | - Shao-Lan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61303, Taiwan; (S.-L.H.); (J.-Y.H.)
| | - Jing-Yu Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61303, Taiwan; (S.-L.H.); (J.-Y.H.)
| | - Tsai-Ching Hsu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Immunology Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Show Tzang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Immunology Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Roger S. McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T2S8, Canada;
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T1R8, Canada
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Chen SH, Xu DD, Zhou PJ, Wang Y, Liu QY, Ren Z, Liu Z, Wang X, Huang HQ, Xue X, Wang Y, Wang YF. Combination treatment with sorafenib and wh‑4 additively suppresses the proliferation of liver cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:232. [PMID: 35222709 PMCID: PMC8815050 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hong Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Dan-Dan Xu
- College of Biotechnology, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510520, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Jun Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Yao Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Ying Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Ren
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Xia Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510520, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Qing Huang
- College of Biotechnology, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510520, P.R. China
| | - Xue Xue
- College of Biotechnology, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510520, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Fei Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
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Naren G, Wang L, Zhang X, Cheng L, Yang S, Yang J, Guo J, Nashun B. The reversible reproductive toxicity of 5-fluorouracil in mice. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 101:1-8. [PMID: 33581264 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a "cytotoxic" drug used for cancer chemotherapy, which inhibits cells division via affecting DNA synthesis. Although being widely used for cancer treatment, 5-FU has non-negligible side effects. In the present study, the effects of 5-FU on oocyte and early embryonic development were investigated. Multiple intraperitoneal administration of 5-FU (50 mg/kg/day) in female mice resulted in small ovarian size and reduced number of corpus luteum in the ovary, and lead to ovulation failure. However, these defects could be recovered after one week. In vitro experiments further indicated that exposure to 5-FU inhibited oocytes maturation and reduced developmental potential of pre-implantation embryos. Our data suggested that 5-FU has negative impact on ovarian function, oocyte and early embryonic development, but the adverse effect could be reversed after withdrawal of 5-FU administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerile Naren
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lijuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jiajie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jiaojiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Buhe Nashun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.
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Synergistic activity of Hsp90 inhibitors and anticancer agents in pancreatic cancer cell cultures. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16177. [PMID: 31700053 PMCID: PMC6838130 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52652-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a widely investigated target for anticancer therapy. The experimental Hsp90 inhibitors ICPD47 and ICPD62 demonstrated anticancer activity against colorectal, osteosarcoma and cervical cancer cell lines. However, their anticancer activity has not been investigated against pancreatic cancer cell lines yet, and there are no data about synergistic activity of these compounds in combination with clinically used anticancer agents. Pancreatic cancer cell lines, MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 were exposed to ICPD47 and ICPD62 alone and in combinations with antimetabolites gemcitabine (GEM), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and topoisomerase inhibitor doxorubicin (DOX). Effects on cell viability were determined by MTT assay. The synergistic activity was evaluated using Chou-Talalay method. Also, 3D cell cultures were formed using 3D Bioprinting method and the activity of each compound and their combinations was examined by measuring the size change of spheroids. The strongest synergistic activities were determined in combinations using all ratios of ICPD47 with GEM and ICPD62 with GEM in MIA PaCa-2 cell line (combination index <0.5). The combinations of ICPD47 with 5-FU and ICPD47 with GEM in a ratio of 1:5 showed the greatest effect on tumour spheroid growth in both cell lines. The ICPD47 in combination with mild hyperthermia showed significant results, where the EC50 value in PANC-1 cell line dropped from 4.04 ± 0.046 to 1.68 ± 0.004 µM. The ICPD47 and ICPD62 under the same conditions could act synergistically with GEM, 5-FU and DOX and is worth of further investigations, and studies of synergistic effect is a promising path for more efficient anticancer therapies.
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Ou J, Peng Y, Yang W, Zhang Y, Hao J, Li F, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Xie X, Wu S, Zha L, Luo X, Xie G, Wang L, Sun W, Zhou Q, Li J, Liang H. ABHD5 blunts the sensitivity of colorectal cancer to fluorouracil via promoting autophagic uracil yield. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1078. [PMID: 30842415 PMCID: PMC6403256 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08902-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of Fluorouracil (FU) in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) is greatly limited by drug resistance. Autophagy has been implicated in chemoresistance, but the role of selective autophagic degradation in regulating chemoresistance remains unknown. In this study, we revealed a critical role of ABHD5 in charging CRC sensitivity to FU via regulating autophagic uracil yield. We demonstrated that ABHD5 localizes to lysosome and interacts with PDIA5 to prevent PDIA5 from interacting with RNASET2 and inactivating RNASET2. ABHD5 deficiency releases PDIA5 to directly interact with RNASET2 and leave RNASET2 in an inactivate state, which impairs RNASET2-mediated autophagic uracil yield and promotes CRC cells to uptake FU as an exogenous uracil, thus increasing their sensitivity to FU. Our findings for the first time reveal a novel role of ABHD5 in regulating lysosome function, highlighting the significance of ABHD5 as a compelling biomarker predicting the sensitivity of CRCs to FU-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Ou
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Yuan Peng
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Weiwen Yang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jie Hao
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Fu Li
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yanrong Chen
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiong Xie
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lin Zha
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ganfeng Xie
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Liting Wang
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Fuling Central Hospital, Chongqing, 408099, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Houjie Liang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Wei Y, Yang P, Cao S, Zhao L. The combination of curcumin and 5-fluorouracil in cancer therapy. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 41:1-13. [PMID: 29230689 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0979-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) alone or in combination with other therapeutic drugs has been widely used for clinical treatment of various cancers. However, 5-FU-based chemotherapy has limited anticancer efficacy in clinic due to multidrug resistance and dose-limiting cytotoxicity. Some molecules and genes in cancer cells, such as nuclear factor kappa B, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, cyclooxygenase-2, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten and Bcl-2 etc. are related to the chemoresistance and sensitivity of cancer cells to 5-FU. The activation of these molecules and genes expressions in cancer cells will be increased or decreased with long-term exposure of 5-FU. Curcumin has been found to be able to negatively regulate these processes. In order to overcome the problems of 5-FU, curcumin has been used to combine with 5-FU in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No.3-5, Zhongshan Road, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Panjing Yang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646099, China
| | - Shousong Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, 3-319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, No.3-5, Zhongshan Road, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
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Zheng K, Li Y, Wang S, Wang X, Liao C, Hu X, Fan L, Kang Q, Zeng Y, Wu X, Wu H, Zhang J, Wang Y, He Z. Inhibition of autophagosome-lysosome fusion by ginsenoside Ro via the ESR2-NCF1-ROS pathway sensitizes esophageal cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil-induced cell death via the CHEK1-mediated DNA damage checkpoint. Autophagy 2016; 12:1593-613. [PMID: 27310928 PMCID: PMC5082787 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1192751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of autophagy has been increasingly regarded as a promising cancer therapeutic approach. In this study, we screened several ginsenosides extracted from Panax ginseng and identified ginsenoside Ro (Ro) as a novel autophagy inhibitor. Ro blocked the autophagosome-lysosome fusion process by raising lysosomal pH and attenuating lysosomal cathepsin activity, resulting in the accumulation of the autophagosome marker MAP1LC3B/LC3B and SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1) in various esophageal cancer cell lines. More detailed studies demonstrated that Ro activated ESR2 (estrogen receptor 2), which led to the activation of NCF1/p47(PHOX) (neutrophil cytosolic factor 1), a subunit of NADPH oxidase, and subsequent reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Treatment with siRNAs or inhibitors of the ESR2-NCF1-ROS axis, such as N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI), apocynin (ACN), Tiron, and Fulvestrant apparently decreased Ro-induced LC3B-II, GFP-LC3B puncta, and SQSTM1, indicating that ROS instigates autophagic flux inhibition triggered by Ro. More importantly, suppression of autophagy by Ro sensitized 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu)-induced cell death in chemoresistant esophageal cancer cells. 5-Fu induced prosurvival autophagy, and by inhibiting such autophagy, siRNAs against BECN1/beclin 1, ATG5, ATG7, and LC3B enhanced 5-Fu-induced autophagy-associated and apoptosis-independent cell death. We observed that Ro potentiates 5-Fu cytotoxicity via delaying CHEK1 (checkpoint kinase 1) degradation and downregulating DNA replication process, resulting in the delayed DNA repair and the accumulation of DNA damage. In summary, these data suggest that Ro is a novel autophagy inhibitor and could function as a potent anticancer agent in combination therapy to overcome chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shaoxiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenghui Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaopeng Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Long Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiangrong Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xuli Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haiqiang Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhendan He
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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