Favorable effect of the combination of vinorelbine and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase‑inhibitory fluoropyrimidine in EGFR‑mutated lung adenocarcinoma: retrospective and in vitro studies

Sodium orthovanadate exhibits anti-angiogenic, antiapoptotic and blood glucose-lowering effect on colon cancer associated with diabetes

BACKGROUND

The presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk of developing the colon cancer. The main objective of this study was to determine the role of sodium orthovanadate (SOV) in colon cancer associated with diabetes mellitus by targeting the competitive inhibition of PTP1B.

METHODS

For in vivo study, high fat diet with low dose streptozotocin model was used for inducing the diabetes mellitus. Colon cancer was induced by injecting 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (25 mg/kg, sc) twice a week. TNM staging and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was carried out for colon cancer tissues. In vitro studies like MTT assay, clonogenic assay, rhodamine-123 dye assay and annexin V-FITC assay using flow cytometry were performed on HCT-116 cell line. CAM assay was performed to examine the anti-angiogenic effect of the drug.

RESULTS

Sodium orthovanadate reduces the blood glucose level and tumor parameters in the animals. In vitro studies revealed that SOV decreased cell proliferation dose dependently. In addition, SOV induced apoptosis as depicted from rhodamine-123 dye assay and annexin V-FITC assay using flow cytometry as well as p53 IHC staining. SOV showed reduced angiogenesis effect on eggs which was depicted from CAM assay and also from CD34 and E-cadherin IHC staining.

CONCLUSIONS

Our data suggest that SOV exhibits protective role in colon cancer associated with diabetes mellitus. SOV exhibits anti-proliferative, anti-angiogenic and apoptotic inducing effects hence can be considered for therapeutic switching in diabetic colon cancer.

Vinorelbine Alters lncRNA Expression in Association with EGFR Mutational Status and Potentiates Tumor Progression Depending on NSCLC Cell Lines' Genetic Profile

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as the most common type. In addition, NSCLC has a high mortality rate and an overall adverse patient outcome. Although significant improvements have been made in therapeutic options, effectiveness is still limited in late stages, so the need for a better understanding of the genomics events underlying the current therapies is crucial to aid future drug development. Vinorelbine (VRB) is an anti-mitotic chemotherapy drug (third-generation vinca alkaloid) used to treat several malignancies, including NSCLC. However, despite its widespread clinical use, very little is known about VRB-associated genomic alterations in different subtypes of NSCLC. This article is an in vitro investigation of the cytotoxic effects of VRB on three different types of NSCLC cell lines, A549, Calu-6, and H1792, with a closer focus on post-treatment genetic alterations. Based on the obtained results, VRB cytotoxicity produces modifications on a cellular level, altering biological processes such as apoptosis, autophagy, cellular motility, cellular adhesion, and cell cycle, but also at a genomic level, dysregulating the expression of some coding genes, such as EGFR, and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), including CCAT1, CCAT2, GAS5, MALAT1, NEAT1, NORAD, XIST, and HOTAIR, that are implicated in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Therefore, although extensive validation is required, these results pave the way towards a better understanding of the cellular and genomic alterations underlying the cytotoxicity of VRB.

17-Allylamino-demethoxygeldanamycin Used Alone or in Combination with Sodium Orthovanadate Promotes Apoptosis and Inhibits Invasion of SH-SY5Y Cells by Modulating PIWIL2

Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most common extracranial solid tumors of childhood and accounts for 15% of cancer deaths. Even with the multimodality treatment protocols, the advanced-stage tumor overall 5-year survival rate is less than 50%. Therefore, novel drug therapy targeting cellular signal transduction pathways regulating the apoptotic cascade may be important for the treatment of drug-resistant NB. In our previous studies, we have demonstrated that 5 μM sodium orthovanadate (SOV) induced the apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells. 17-Allylamino-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) is a geldanamycin- (GA-) derived heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitor, and it has been shown to have potent antitumor activity in head and neck cancers. However, the effect of 17-AAG on the apoptosis of NB cells has not been reported. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 17-AAG and SOV on the growth and invasion of SH-SY5Y cells in vitro and explore the related mechanism. In this study, we first investigated the antiviability effect of 17-AAG on SH-SY5Y cells, then studied the cell apoptosis and invasion influenced by 17-AAG and SOV, and assessed the role of PIWI-Like2 (PIWIL2) and piRNA-PIWI signaling in it. The results showed that 5 μM 17-AAG inhibited cell growth and viability and induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. Both 17-AAG and SOV reduced the level of PIWIL2 and Bcl-xl proteins and inhibited the invasion of SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, the combined use of the two drugs had greater effect than the single use of any drug.