1
|
Zheng J, Li G, Liu W, Deng Y, Xu X. The Expression of Non B Cell-Derived Immunoglobulins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1445:11-36. [PMID: 38967747 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-97-0511-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Although V(D)J recombination and immunoglobulin (Ig) production are traditionally recognised to occur only in B lymphocytes and plasma cells, the expression of Igs in non-lymphoid cells, which we call non B cell-derived Igs (non B Igs), has been documented by growing studies. It has been demonstrated that non B-Igs can be widely expressed in most cell types, including, but not limited to, epithelial cells, cardiomyocytes, hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, myeloid cells, and cells from immune-privileged sites, such as neurons and spermatogenic cells. In particular, malignant tumour cells express high level of IgG. Moreover, different from B-Igs that mainly localised on the B cell membrane and in the serum and perform immune defence function mainly, non B-Igs have been found to distribute more widely and play critical roles in immune defence, maintaining cell proliferation and survival, and promoting progression. The findings of non B-Igs may provide a wealthier breakthrough point for more therapeutic strategies for a wide range of immune-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Hematologic Disease Laboratory, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Guohui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuqing Deng
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - XiaoJun Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kdimati S, Mullins CS, Linnebacher M. Cancer-Cell-Derived IgG and Its Potential Role in Tumor Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111597. [PMID: 34769026 PMCID: PMC8583861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the primary component of the human serum antibody fraction, representing about 75% of the immunoglobulins and 10-20% of the total circulating plasma proteins. Generally, IgG sequences are highly conserved, yet the four subclasses, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4, differ in their physiological effector functions by binding to different IgG-Fc receptors (FcγR). Thus, despite a similarity of about 90% on the amino acid level, each subclass possesses a unique manner of antigen binding and immune complex formation. Triggering FcγR-expressing cells results in a wide range of responses, including phagocytosis, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and complement activation. Textbook knowledge implies that only B lymphocytes are capable of producing antibodies, which recognize specific antigenic structures derived from pathogens and infected endogenous or tumorigenic cells. Here, we review recent discoveries, including our own observations, about misplaced IgG expression in tumor cells. Various studies described the presence of IgG in tumor cells using immunohistology and established correlations between high antibody levels and promotion of cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and poor clinical prognosis for the respective tumor patients. Furthermore, blocking tumor-cell-derived IgG inhibited tumor cells. Tumor-cell-derived IgG might impede antigen-dependent cellular cytotoxicity by binding antigens while, at the same time, lacking the capacity for complement activation. These findings recommend tumor-cell-derived IgG as a potential therapeutic target. The observed uniqueness of Ig heavy chains expressed by tumor cells, using PCR with V(D)J rearrangement specific primers, suggests that this specific part of IgG may additionally play a role as a potential tumor marker and, thus, also qualify for the neoantigen category.
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang L, Lu P, Qu S. Commentary: High Expression of Cancer-IgG Is Associated With Poor Prognosis and Radioresistance via PI3K/AKT/DNA-PKcs Pathway Regulation in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:741089. [PMID: 34692521 PMCID: PMC8529003 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.741089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Pingan Lu
- Amsterdam UMC, Faculty of Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Song Qu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China.,Key Laboratory of High-Incidence Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li Y, Wang P, Ye D, Bai X, Zeng X, Zhao Q, Zhang Z. IGHG1 induces EMT in gastric cancer cells by regulating TGF-β/SMAD3 signaling pathway. J Cancer 2021; 12:3458-3467. [PMID: 33995624 PMCID: PMC8120194 DOI: 10.7150/jca.56056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. IGHG1 is a differentially expressed protein screened out in gastric cancer in the early stage of the subject group. This topic explores the expression of IGHG1 in gastric cancer and the effect of IGHG1 on the proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT of gastric cancer SGC7901 cells and its mechanism of action. Methods: Twenty cases of gastric cancer were purified by laser Capture Microdissection. The isotopic tags for relative and absolute quantification was used to label the proteins, and then analyzed and identified them by quantitative proteomics. Immunohistochemical staining method was used to detect the expression of IGHG1 protein in gastric cancer tissues. Western blot was used to detect the expression of IGHG1 in gastric cancer cells. The MTT and Petri dish clone formation experiment analyzed the effect of low expression of IGHG1 on the proliferation of SGC7901 cells. Scratch test and Transwell migration and invasion test to observe the effect of low expression of IGHG1 on the migration and invasion of SGC7901 cells. Western blot was used to detect the effect of low expression of IGHG1 on the expression of EMT-related proteins. Results: 243 proteins related to gastric mucosal lesions were preliminarily identified. We found that IGHG1 is highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues compared with normal control tissues. IGHG1 promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. Compared with the control group, the expression of EMT-related proteins Vimentin, N-cadherin, TGF-β, P-SMAD3 was decreased and the expression of E-cadherin was increased after IGHG1 low expression. Conclusions: IGHG1 induces EMT in SGC7901 cells by regulating the TGF-β/SMAD3 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511500, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dongmei Ye
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xuemei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cui M, Huang J, Zhang S, Liu Q, Liao Q, Qiu X. Immunoglobulin Expression in Cancer Cells and Its Critical Roles in Tumorigenesis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:613530. [PMID: 33841396 PMCID: PMC8024581 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.613530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, immunoglobulin (Ig) was believed to be produced by only B-lineage cells. However, increasing evidence has revealed a high level of Ig expression in cancer cells, and this Ig is named cancer-derived Ig. Further studies have shown that cancer-derived Ig shares identical basic structures with B cell-derived Ig but exhibits several distinct characteristics, including restricted variable region sequences and aberrant glycosylation. In contrast to B cell-derived Ig, which functions as an antibody in the humoral immune response, cancer-derived Ig exerts profound protumorigenic effects via multiple mechanisms, including promoting the malignant behaviors of cancer cells, mediating tumor immune escape, inducing inflammation, and activating the aggregation of platelets. Importantly, cancer-derived Ig shows promising potential for application as a diagnostic and therapeutic target in cancer patients. In this review, we summarize progress in the research area of cancer-derived Ig and discuss the perspectives of applying this novel target for the management of cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shenghua Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaofei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Liao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Qiu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nguyen KG, Vrabel MR, Mantooth SM, Hopkins JJ, Wagner ES, Gabaldon TA, Zaharoff DA. Localized Interleukin-12 for Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:575597. [PMID: 33178203 PMCID: PMC7593768 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.575597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a potent, pro-inflammatory type 1 cytokine that has long been studied as a potential immunotherapy for cancer. Unfortunately, IL-12's remarkable antitumor efficacy in preclinical models has yet to be replicated in humans. Early clinical trials in the mid-1990's showed that systemic delivery of IL-12 incurred dose-limiting toxicities. Nevertheless, IL-12's pleiotropic activity, i.e., its ability to engage multiple effector mechanisms and reverse tumor-induced immunosuppression, continues to entice cancer researchers. The development of strategies which maximize IL-12 delivery to the tumor microenvironment while minimizing systemic exposure are of increasing interest. Diverse IL-12 delivery systems, from immunocytokine fusions to polymeric nanoparticles, have demonstrated robust antitumor immunity with reduced adverse events in preclinical studies. Several localized IL-12 delivery approaches have recently reached the clinical stage with several more at the precipice of translation. Taken together, localized delivery systems are supporting an IL-12 renaissance which may finally allow this potent cytokine to fulfill its considerable clinical potential. This review begins with a brief historical account of cytokine monotherapies and describes how IL-12 went from promising new cure to ostracized black sheep following multiple on-study deaths. The bulk of this comprehensive review focuses on developments in diverse localized delivery strategies for IL-12-based cancer immunotherapies. Advantages and limitations of different delivery technologies are highlighted. Finally, perspectives on how IL-12-based immunotherapies may be utilized for widespread clinical application in the very near future are offered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khue G Nguyen
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Maura R Vrabel
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Siena M Mantooth
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Jared J Hopkins
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Ethan S Wagner
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Taylor A Gabaldon
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - David A Zaharoff
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cancer-derived sialylated IgG promotes tumor immune escape by binding to Siglecs on effector T cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 17:1148-1162. [PMID: 31754235 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0327-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, IgG in the tumor microenvironment (TME) has been considered a product of B cells and serves as an antitumor antibody. However, in this study, using a monoclonal antibody against cancer-derived IgG (Cancer-IgG), we found that cancer cells could secrete IgG into the TME. Furthermore, Cancer-IgG, which carries an abnormal sialic acid modification in the CH1 domain, directly inhibited effector T-cell proliferation and significantly promoted tumor growth by reducing CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell infiltration into tumor tissues. Mechanistic studies showed that the immunosuppressive effect of sialylated Cancer-IgG is dependent on its sialylation and binding to sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglecs) on effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Importantly, we show that several Siglecs are overexpressed on effector T cells from cancer patients, but not those from healthy donors. These findings suggest that sialylated Cancer-IgG may be a ligand for Siglecs, which may serve as potential checkpoint proteins and mediate tumor immune evasion.
Collapse
|
8
|
Qian J, Ji F, Ye X, Cheng H, Ma R, Chang X, Shou C, Cui H. IGHG1 promotes motility likely through epithelial-mesenchymal transition in ovarian cancer. Chin J Cancer Res 2018; 30:282-290. [PMID: 29861613 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2018.02.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the leading causes of death for female cancer patients. COC166-9 is an OC-specific monoclonal antibody and we have identified immunoglobulin γ-1 heavy chain constant region (IGHG1) as its antigen. We explore the function of IGHG1 in proliferation, apoptosis and motility of OC cells further in this research. Methods IGHG1 expression in OC specimens was detected through immunohistochemistry. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) or western blotting assay was used to test IGHG1 expression in OC cells. Viability of OC cells was tested by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Flow cytometry or western blotting assay was used to detect cell cycle and apoptosis. Cellular motility was analyzed by using transwell assay and the markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were tested through immunoblots. Results Although it exerts negligible effect on the viability and apoptosis of OC cells, IGHG1 could promote migration and invasion of malignant cells in vitro. Mechanistically, IGHG1 increases the expression of N-cadherin and Vimentin while decreases E-cadherin expression. Additionally, IGHG1 expression in OC specimens is higher relative to the paired normal counterparts. Further analysis demonstrates that the increased IGHG1 expression correlates positively with the lymph node metastasis of OC. Conclusions IGHG1 promotes the motility of OC cells likely through executing the EMT program. Increased IGHG1 expression in OC specimens is associated with the lymph node metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingfeng Qian
- Center of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Fangxing Ji
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xue Ye
- Center of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Hongyan Cheng
- Center of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Ruiqiong Ma
- Center of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiaohong Chang
- Center of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Chengchao Shou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Heng Cui
- Center of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| |
Collapse
|