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Chen G, Zhang C, Li H, Liu X. Sepsis-induced inflammatory demyelination in medullary visceral zone and cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway: Insights from a Rat's model study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33840. [PMID: 39027552 PMCID: PMC11255576 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Our previous studies have demonstrated that the activated Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Pathway (CAP) effectively suppresses systemic inflammation and immunity in early sepsis. Some parameters of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) could be used to reflect the regulatory activity of CAP. However, in the early stages of severe sepsis of some patients, the inflammatory storm can still result in multiple organs dysfunction and even death, suggesting they lose CAP's modulation ability. Since CAP is part of the vagus nerve and is directly innervated by the Medullary Visceral Zone (MVZ), we can reasonably concluded that pathological changes induced by MVZ's neuroinflammation should be responsible for CAP's dysfunction in modulating systemic inflammation in early sepsis. Methods We conducted two independent septic experiments, the sepsis model rats were prepared by cecum ligation and puncture (CLP) method. In the first experiment, A total of 64 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were included. Under the condition of sepsis and CAP's pharmacological activation or blockade, we investigated the MVZ's pathological changes, the functional state of key neurons including catecholaminergic and cholinergic neurons, key genes' expression such as Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 2 (Olig-2) mRNA, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) mRNA, and matrix metalloprotein (MMP) -9 mRNA, and CAP's activities reflected by HRV. The second experiment involved in 56 rats, through central anti-inflammation by feeding with 10 mg/ml minocycline sucrose solution as the only water source, or right vagus transection excepting for central anti-inflammation as a mean of the CAP's functional cancel, we confirmed that the neuroinflammation in MVZ affected systemic inflammation through CAP in sepsis. Results In the first experiment, cholinergic and catecholaminergic neurons showed significant apoptosis with reduced expressions of TH, but the expression of CHAT remained relatively unaffected in MVZ in sepsis. HRV parameters representing the tone of the vagus nerve, such as SDNN, RMSSD, HF, SD1, and SD2, did not show significant differences among the three Septic Groups, although they all decreased significantly compared to the Control Group. The expressions of GFAP mRNA and MMP-9 mRNA were up-regulated, while the expression of Olig-2 mRNA was down-regulated in the Septic Groups. Intervention of CAP had a significant effect on cholinergic and catecholaminergic neurons' apoptosis, as well as the expressions of TH/CHAT and these key genes, but had little effect on HRV in sepsis. In the second experiment, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, in serum and MVZ were significantly increased in sepsis. Central anti-inflammatory treatment reversed these changes. However, right vagotomy abolished the central anti-inflammatory effect. Conclusions Our study uncovered that MVZ's neuroinflammation may play a crucial role in the uncontrolled systemic inflammation through inflammatory demyelination in MVZ, which disrupts CAP's modulation on the systemic inflammation in early sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Chen
- The Intensive Care Unite of Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430079, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Emergency Department of the First People's Hospital of Guiyang of Guizhou Province, 550002, China
| | - Hongbing Li
- Emergency Department of the First People's Hospital of Guiyang of Guizhou Province, 550002, China
| | - Xian Liu
- Geriatrics Department of the First People's Hospital of Guiyang of Guizhou Province, 550002, China
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Peng L, Li H, Zhang C, Jiang W. Activating α7nAChR suppresses systemic inflammation by mitigating neuroinflammation of the medullary visceral zone in sepsis in a rat model. Transl Neurosci 2024; 15:20220345. [PMID: 39156045 PMCID: PMC11330160 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that activating α7nAChRs suppresses systemic inflammation and immunity through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) in early sepsis. Now that the medullary visceral zone (MVZ) is the center of CAP and responsible for regulating systemic inflammation, what changes will occur in MVZ's pathology and function in sepsis, especially when interfering with α7nAChRs? Does activation of MVZ's α7nAChRs contribute to the inhibition of systemic inflammation? To clarify these issues, we explored the systemic inflammation and immunity state by detecting serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, HMGB1, sCD14, and CD4+CD25+Treg and TH17 lymphocytes percentage, meanwhile, we analyzed the apoptosis of cholinergic and catecholaminergic neurons and the expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) in MVZ in sepsis and the interfering effects on α7nAChRs. In this study, we found that in sepsis, serum TNF-α, IL-6, HMGB1, sCD14, CD4+CD25+Treg, and TH17 lymphocytes significantly increased and the ratio of Treg/TH17 significantly decreased, cholinergic and catecholaminergic neurons underwent apoptosis with low expressions of TH and CHAT in MVZ; activation of α7nAChRs not only significantly decreased the levels of septic serum TNF-α, IL-6, HMGB1, sCD14, and TH17 lymphocytes (P < 0.05), but also significantly reduced cholinergic and catecholaminergic neurons' apoptosis, and promoted expressions of TH/CHAT. Our study reveals that sepsis undermines MVZ through neuroinflammation which contributes to the uncontrolled systemic inflammation. Activating central α7nAChRs is not only helpful to restore MVZ's structure and function but also beneficial to subside the inflammatory storm in sepsis. Even if MVZ is damaged in sepsis, cholinergic neurons in MVZ still regulate the systemic inflammation stably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Peng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Hubei Cancer Hospital, Hubei Province, 430079, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongbing Li
- Emergency Department of the First People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550002, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Emergency Department of the First People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550002, China
| | - Weiwei Jiang
- Emergency Department of the First People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550002, China
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Tomasich E, Topakian T, Heller G, Udovica S, Krainer M, Marhold M. Loss of HCRP1 leads to upregulation of PD-L1 via STAT3 activation and is of prognostic significance in EGFR-dependent cancer. Transl Res 2021; 230:21-33. [PMID: 33197651 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Loss of hepatocellular carcinoma-related protein 1 (HCRP1) (alias VPS37A) plays a role in endocytosis of receptor tyrosine kinases as a member of the ESCRT complex and has been linked to poor patient outcome in various types of epithelial cancer. To this date, the molecular and biological mechanisms explaining how its absence would contribute to tumor progression remain unknown. Using genomic editing with CRISPR-Cas9, we generated ovarian and breast cancer cell lines with loss-of-function mutations of HCRP1. We hypothesized that pathways downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases such as epidermal growth factor receptor are affected by HCRP1 loss and looked for deregulated signaling using immunoblotting and classical cancer biology assays. In our study, we show that endogenous deletion of HCRP1 leads to elevated phosphorylation of the transcription factor Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and induces upregulation of PD-L1, an important regulator of immune checkpoint inhibition. HCRP1 loss further leads to a mesenchymal phenotype switch in cancer cells, leading to increased proliferation and migration. Concludingly, our data emphasize the role of the tumor microenvironment in tumors with low or absent HCRP1 expression and suggest HCRP1 loss as a potential marker for metastatic potential and immunogenicity of epidermal growth factor receptor-driven cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Tomasich
- Division of Oncology, Department for Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thais Topakian
- Division of Oncology, Department for Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerwin Heller
- Division of Oncology, Department for Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Udovica
- Wilhelminen Cancer Research Institute, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Krainer
- Division of Oncology, Department for Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Marhold
- Division of Oncology, Department for Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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4
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Kolmus K, Erdenebat P, Szymańska E, Stewig B, Goryca K, Derezińska-Wołek E, Szumera-Ciećkiewicz A, Brewińska-Olchowik M, Piwocka K, Prochorec-Sobieszek M, Mikula M, Miączyńska M. Concurrent depletion of Vps37 proteins evokes ESCRT-I destabilization and profound cellular stress responses. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:134/1/jcs250951. [PMID: 33419951 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.250951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular details of how endocytosis contributes to oncogenesis remain elusive. Our in silico analysis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients revealed stage-dependent alterations in the expression of 112 endocytosis-related genes. Among them, transcription of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-I component VPS37B was decreased in the advanced stages of CRC. Expression of other ESCRT-I core subunits remained unchanged in the investigated dataset. We analyzed an independent cohort of CRC patients, which also showed reduced VPS37A mRNA and protein abundance. Transcriptomic profiling of CRC cells revealed non-redundant functions of Vps37 proteins. Knockdown of VPS37A and VPS37B triggered p21 (CDKN1A)-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation and sterile inflammatory response driven by the nuclear factor (NF)-κB transcription factor and associated with mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Co-silencing of VPS37C further potentiated activation of these independently induced processes. The type and magnitude of transcriptional alterations correlated with the differential ESCRT-I stability upon individual and concurrent Vps37 depletion. Our study provides novel insights into cancer cell biology by describing cellular stress responses that are associated with ESCRT-I destabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kolmus
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Purevsuren Erdenebat
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Szymańska
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Blair Stewig
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Goryca
- Department of Genetics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Derezińska-Wołek
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Diagnostic Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Szumera-Ciećkiewicz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Diagnostic Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Piwocka
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Prochorec-Sobieszek
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Diagnostic Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Mikula
- Department of Genetics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Miączyńska
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
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He S, Tang S. WNT/β-catenin signaling in the development of liver cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110851. [PMID: 33080466 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway is a highly conserved and tightly controlled molecular mechanism that regulates embryonic development, cellular proliferation and differentiation. Of note, accumulating evidence has shown that the aberrant of WNT/β-catenin signaling promotes the development and/or progression of liver cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), the two most prevalent primary liver tumours in adults. There are two different WNT signaling pathways have been identified, which were termed non-canonical and canonical pathways, the latter involving the activation of β-catenin. β-catenin, acting as an intracellular signal transducer in the WNT signaling pathway, is encoded by CTNNB1 and plays a critical role in tumorigenesis. In the past research, most liver tumors have mutations in genes encoding key components of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. In addition, several of other signaling pathways also can crosswalk with β-catenin. In this review, we discuss the most relevant molecular mechanisms of action and regulation of WNT/β-catenin signaling in the development and pathophysiology of liver cancers, as well as in the development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai He
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Shilei Tang
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China.
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Exploring the Mechanism on the Medullary Visceral Zone Inhibiting the Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Pathway Induced by Sepsis. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:1320278. [PMID: 33061821 PMCID: PMC7542527 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1320278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory storm is an important pathological mechanism of multiple organ dysfunction, and it is associated with most deaths in septic patients, deserving to be studied. Recent findings have confirmed that the Medullary Visceral Zone (MVZ) regulates inflammation and immunity through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP), but how sepsis affects the MVZ and leads to uncontrolled inflammation remain unclear. The current study reported that sepsis induced MVZ to inhibit CAP which underlies the inflammation storm. Our studies have shown that the rat models of sepsis prepared by cecal ligation and puncture had a higher inflammatory level, higher mortality, and higher Murine Sepsis Score. In septic rats, some indicators of heart rate variability (HRV) such as SDNN, HF band, RMSSD, SD1, and SD2 significantly reduced. In MVZ of septic rats, many cholinergic and catecholaminergic neurons showed apoptotic, with low expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase and choline acetyltransferase. The α7nAChR agonist GTS-21 can improve these pathologies, while the α7nAChR antagonist MLA is the opposite. Our study demonstrates for the first time that cholinergic and catecholaminergic neurons in MVZ went through significant apoptosis and inactiveness in sepsis, which contributes to the inhibition of CAP and acceleration of the inflammation storm in early sepsis. Intervening with CAP has a significant effect on the activity and apoptosis of MVZ neurons while altering systemic inflammation and immunity; in addition, for the first time, we confirmed that some indicators of HRV such as SDNN, HF band, RMSSD, SD1, and SD2 can reflect the activity of CAP, but the CAP interference had little effect on these indicators.
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Hu X, Yuan L, Ma T. Mechanisms of JAK-STAT signaling pathway mediated by CXCL8 gene silencing on epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human cutaneous melanoma cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:1973-1981. [PMID: 32724443 PMCID: PMC7377181 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Effect of CXCL8 gene silencing-mediated JAK-STAT signaling pathway on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human cutaneous melanoma cells was explored. Eighty patients with cutaneous melanoma were enrolled in the study. Cells were transfected accordingly and divided into five groups: The blank group (human cutaneous melanoma cells), NC group (human cutaneous melanoma cells + blank vector plasmid transfection), CXCL8 siRNA group (human cutaneous melanoma cells + CXCL8 silent expression vector plasmid transfection), AG490 group (human cutaneous melanoma cells + JAK-STAT signal pathway inhibitor transfection), CXCL8 siRNA + AG490 group (human cutaneous melanoma cells + JAK-STAT signaling pathway inhibitor + CXCL8 silent expression vector plasmid transfection). The expression levels of CXCL8, JAK2, STAT3, epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin), neurotrophic cadherin (N-cadherin) and vimentin in tissues and cells were detected by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. CCK-8 and flow cytometry were used to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis. Compared with adjacent normal tissues, the expression of E-cadherin in human cutaneous melanoma tissues was significantly decreased, whereas the expression of CXCL8, JAK2, STAT3, vimentin and N-cadherin was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the blank group, CXCL8 siRNA group and CXCL8 siRNA + AG490 group had significantly lower expression of CXCL8 (P<0.05). Compared with the blank group, the expression levels of JAK2, STAT3, vimentin and N-cadherin in CXCL8 siRNA group, AG490 group and CXCL8 siRNA + AG490 group were decreased, the expression of E-cadherin was increased, the cell proliferation ability was decreased and apoptosis was increased (P<0.05). Compared with CXCL8 siRNA group, the expression of JAK2, STAT3, vimentin and N-cadherin in CXCL8 siRNA + AG490 group were significantly decreased, the expression of E-cadherin was significantly increased, cell proliferation ability was decreased and apoptosis was increased (P<0.05). In conclusion, CXCL8 gene expression silencing may inhibit EMT and cell proliferation while promoting cell apoptosis of human cutaneous melanoma cells by inhibiting the activation of JAK-STAT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Hu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Gansu 750001, P.R. China
| | - Lili Yuan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Qingyang People's Hospital of Gansu Province, Qingyang, Gansu 745000, P.R. China
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Traumatic Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Gansu 750001, P.R. China
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Fu F, Wan X, Wang D, Kong Z, Zhang Y, Huang W, Wang C, Wu H, Li Y. MicroRNA-19a acts as a prognostic marker and promotes prostate cancer progression via inhibiting VPS37A expression. Oncotarget 2017; 9:1931-1943. [PMID: 29416742 PMCID: PMC5788610 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among males worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of PCa remain unclear. Despite several reported miRNAs in prostate cancer, these reports lacked system-level identification of differentially expressed miRNAs in large sample size. Moreover, it's still largely unknown how miRNAs result in tumorigenesis and progression of PCa. Therefore, by analyzing three public databases, we identified 16 upregulated miRNAs and 13 downregulated miRNAs, and validated miR-19a was one of the most upregulated miRNAs using qRT-PCR. The dual-luciferase reporter assays indicated VPS37A was a potential target of miR-19a. Functional assays revealed miR-19a served as an oncogene by inhibiting VPS37A. Notably, a significant inverse correlation of miR-19a and VPS37A expression was observed in PCa specimens. Moreover, miR-19a-high and VPS37A-low phenotypes were associated with poor prognosis with biochemical recurrence-free probability. In this study, we confirmed the oncogenic role of miR-19a via targeting VPS37A in PCa, identifying miR-19a and VPS37A as diagnosis and therapeutic biomarkers for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangqiu Fu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Xuechao Wan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Dan Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Zhe Kong
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Yalong Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Chenji Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Hai Wu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Yao Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
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Curcumin downregulates the expression of Snail via suppressing Smad2 pathway to inhibit TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in hepatoma cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:108498-108508. [PMID: 29312546 PMCID: PMC5752459 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains the third cause of cancer-related mortality. Resection and transplantation are the only curative treatments available but are greatly hampered by high recurrence rates and development of metastasis, the initiation of cancer metastasis requires migration and invasion of cells, which is enabled by epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMT). TGF-β1 is a secreted protein that performs many cellular functions, including the control of cell growth, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and apoptosis. TGF-β1 is known as a major inducer of EMT, and it was reported that TGF-β1 induced EMT via Smad-dependent and Smad-independent pathways. However, the extrinsic signals of TGF-β1 regulated the EMT in hepatoma cells remains to be elucidated, and searching drugs to inhibit TGF-β1 induced EMT may be considered to be a potentially effective therapeutic strategy in HCC. Fortunately, in this study, we found that curcumin inhibited TGF-β1-induced EMT in hepatoma cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that curcumin inhibited TGF-β1-induced EMT via inhibiting Smad2 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, then suppressing Smad2 combined with the promoter of Snail which inhibited the transcriptional expression of Snail. These findings suggesting curcumin could be a useful agent for antitumor therapy and also a promising drug combined with other strategies to preventing and treating HCC.
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