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Siyin ST, Liu T, Li W, Yao N, Xu G, Qu J, Chen Y. A prospective follow-up study of the relationship between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and primary liver cancer. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1168. [PMID: 33256656 PMCID: PMC7706276 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07665-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Competing risk method has not been used in a large-scale prospective study to investigate whether increased levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) elevate the risk of primary liver cancer (PLC). Our study aims to prospectively investigate the relationship between hs-CRP and new-onset PLC. Methods and results Ninety-five thousand seven hundred fifty-nine participants without the diagnosis of PLC, and who had their demographic characteristics and biochemical parameters recorded, were analyzed from the Kailuan Cohort study. Cox proportional hazards regression models and competing risk regression models were used to evaluate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of PLC. During a median follow-up of 11.07 years, 357 incidental PLC cases were identified over a total of 1,035,039 person-years. The multivariable HRs (95%CI) for the association of hs-CRP of 1–3 mg/L group and hs-CRP>3 mg/L with PLC were 1.07(0.82 ~ 1.38), 1.51(1.15 ~ 1.98) in a Cox proportional hazard regression analysis adjusted for other potential confounders. In the cause-specific hazard model, the multivariable HRs (95%CI) for the association of hs-CRP of 1–3 mg/L group and hs-CRP>3 mg/L with PLC were 1.06(0.81 ~ 1.40), 1.50(1.14 ~ 1.99). Similar results were also observed in the sub-distribution hazard function model with corresponding multivariate HRs (95%CI) of 1.05(0.80 ~ 1.40), 1.49(1.13 ~ 1.98) in hs-CRP of 1–3 mg/L group and hs-CRP>3 mg/L group, respectively. Conclusions This prospective study found a significant association of higher levels of hs-CRP with new-onset PLC. The main clinical implications would be an increased awareness of hs-CRP and its correlation to the risk of PLC. This study should be a steppingstone to further research on chronic inflammation and PLC. Trial registration Registration number:ChiCTR–TNRC–11001489.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Tan Siyin
- Department of General Surgery, Aerospace Center Hospital, Yuquan Road 13, Haidian District, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Aerospace Center Hospital, Yuquan Road 13, Haidian District, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Aerospace Center Hospital, Yuquan Road 13, Haidian District, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Nan Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Aerospace Center Hospital, Yuquan Road 13, Haidian District, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Guoshuai Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Aerospace Center Hospital, Yuquan Road 13, Haidian District, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of General Surgery, Aerospace Center Hospital, Yuquan Road 13, Haidian District, Beijing, 100089, China.
| | - Yajun Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
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Xu J, Dai S, Yuan Y, Xiao Q, Ding K. A Prognostic Model for Colon Cancer Patients Based on Eight Signature Autophagy Genes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:602174. [PMID: 33324651 PMCID: PMC7726244 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.602174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To screen key autophagy genes in colon cancer and construct an autophagy gene model to predict the prognosis of patients with colon cancer. Methods The colon cancer data from the TCGA were downloaded as the training set, data chip of GSE17536 as the validation set. The differential genes of the training set were obtained and were analyzed for enrichment and protein network. Acquire autophagy genes from Human Autophagy Database www.autophagy.lu/project.html. Autophagy genes in differentially expressed genes were extracted using R-packages limma. Using LASSO/Cox regression analysis combined with clinical information to construct the autophagy gene risk scoring model and divide the samples into high and low risk groups according to the risk value. The Nomogram assessment model was used to predict patient outcomes. CIBERSORT was used to calculate the infiltration of immune cells in the samples and study the relationship between high and low risk groups and immune checkpoints. Results Nine hundred seventy-six differentially expressed genes were screened from training set, including five hundred sixty-eight up-regulated genes and four hundred eight down regulated genes. These differentially expressed genes were mainly involved: the regulation of membrane potential, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. We identified eight autophagy genes CTSD, ULK3, CDKN2A, NRG1, ATG4B, ULK1, DAPK1, and SERPINA1 as key prognostic genes and constructed the model after extracting the differential autophagy genes in the training set. Survival analysis showed significant differences in sample survival time after grouping according to the model. Nomogram assessment showed that the model had high reliability for predicting the survival of patients with colon cancer in the 1, 3, 5 years. In the high-risk group, the infiltration degrees of nine types of immune cells are different and the samples can be well distinguished according to these nine types of immune cells. Immunological checkpoint correlation results showed that the expression levels of CTLA4, IDO1, LAG3, PDL1, and TIGIT increased in high-risk groups. Conclusion The prognosis prediction model based on autophagy gene has a good evaluation effect on the prognosis of colon cancer patients. Eight key autophagy genes can be used as prognostic markers for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasheng Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Dai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kefeng Ding
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
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Chen Y, Cong R, Ji C, Ruan W. The prognostic role of C-reactive protein in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A meta-analysis. Cancer Med 2020; 9:9541-9553. [PMID: 33201589 PMCID: PMC7774749 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prognostic role of the C‐reactive protein (CRP) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has not been well investigated. This meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the prognostic relevance of elevated CRP levels in patients with HNSCC. Methods A relevant literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase up to September 1, 2020. The pooled odds ratio and hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were applied to evaluate the difference in overall survival (OS), progress‐free survival (PFS), and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) between patients with high CRP and those without. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI were used to assess the association between CRP and clinicopathological features. Results A total of 17 studies, including 4449 patients, were included. Pooled results showed that an elevated CRP was associated with worse OS (HR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.24‐1.77), CSS (HR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.38‐2.46), and PFS (HR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.38‐2.17). Male patients, lymph node metastases, and higher tumor stage were related to elevated CRP level (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.34‐2.09; OR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.44‐3.99; OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.12‐1.74). Conclusion Our meta‐analysis demonstrated that an elevated pretreatment of CRP indicates poor prognosis in HNSCC. Therefore, CRP is an indicator of the prognosis of patients with HNSCC and can be recommended for assessing prognoses in clinical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanglan Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rong Cong
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengjian Ji
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhua Ruan
- Department of Stomatology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Zheng W, Chen Q, Wang C, Yao D, Zhu L, Pan Y, Zhang J, Bai Y, Shao C. Inhibition of Cathepsin D (CTSD) enhances radiosensitivity of glioblastoma cells by attenuating autophagy. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59:651-660. [PMID: 32253787 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Postoperative radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy is a commonly used treatment for glioblastoma (GBM) but radiotherapy often fails to achieve the expected results mainly due to tumor radioresistance. In this study, we established a radioresistant subline from human glioma cell line U251 and found that Cathepsin D (CTSD), a gene closely related to the clinical malignancy and prognosis in glioma, had higher expression level in radioresistant clones than that in parental cells, and knocking down CTSD by small interfering RNA (siRNA) or its inhibitor Pepstatin-A increased the radiosensitivity. The level of autophagy was enhanced in the radioresistant GBM cells compared with its parent cells, and silencing autophagy by light chain 3 (LC3) siRNA significantly sensitized GBM cells to ionizing radiation (IR). Moreover, the protein expression level of CTSD was positively correlated with the autophagy marker LC3 II/I and negatively correlated with P62 after IR in radioresistant cells. As expected, through the combination of Western blot and immunofluorescence assays, inhibition of CTSD increased the formation of autophagosomes, while decreased the formation of autolysosomes, which indicating an attenuated autophagy level, leading to radiosensitization ultimately. Our results revealed for the first time that CTSD regulated the radiosensitivity of glioblastoma by affecting the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes. In significance, CTSD might be a potential molecular biomarker and a new therapeutic target in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zheng
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianping Chen
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Yao
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Pan
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianghong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlin Shao
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Prognostic significance of inflammatory indices in hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transarterial chemoembolization: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230879. [PMID: 32214401 PMCID: PMC7098645 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the association between inflammatory indices and clinical outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) by performing meta-analysis. Methods A systematic literature search for relevant studies published up to August 2019 was performed by using PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI) and Wanfang databases. Pooled hazard ratios (HR) or odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Results A total of 5280 patients from 22 studies were finally enrolled in the meta-analysis. The results demonstrated that elevated preoperative NLR, PLR, and CRP was associated with poor OS in HCC patients treated by TACE (HR = 1.81, P<0.00001; HR = 1.56, P = 0.007; HR = 1.45, P<0.00001, respectively). In addition, high NLR was significantly correlated with the presence of tumor vascular invasion (OR = 1.49, P = 0.002). Elevated PLR tended to be correlated with higher incidence of tumor size>3 cm (OR = 2.42, P = 0.005). Conclusions Elevated preoperative NLR, PLR, and CRP are associated with poor prognosis in HCC patients treated with TACE. These inflammatory indices may be convenient, accessible, affordable and dependable biomarkers with prognostic potential for HCC patients treated by TACE.
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Shin JH, Yu E, Kim EN, Kim CJ. C-reactive Protein Overexpression in the Background Liver of Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Is a Prognostic Biomarker. J Pathol Transl Med 2018; 52:267-274. [PMID: 30056637 PMCID: PMC6166009 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2018.07.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Peripheral blood C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration and CRP overexpression in HCC cells are proven to be prognostic markers for HCC, but the significance of CRP expression in non-neoplastic hepatocytes, which are the primary origin of CRP, has not been studied. This study was conducted to determine the clinicopathologic significance of CRP immunoreactivity in the background liver of HBV-associated HCC. Methods CRP immunostaining was done on tissue microarrays of non-neoplastic liver tissues obtained from surgically resected, treatment-naïve HBV-associated HCCs (n = 156). The relationship between CRP immunoreactivity and other clinicopathologic parameters including cancer-specific survival was analyzed. CRP immunoreactivity was determined using a 4-tier grading system: grades 0, 1, 2, and 3. Results CRP was positive in 139 of 156 cases (89.1%) of non-neoplastic liver in patients with HCCs: grade 1 in 83 cases (53.2%); grade 2 in 50 cases (32.1%); and grade 3 in six cases (3.8%). The patients with diffuse CRP immunoreactivity (grade 3) had decreased cancer-specific survival (p = .031) and a tendency for shorter interval before early recurrence (p = .050). The degree of CRP immunoreactivity correlated with serum CRP concentration (p < .001). Conclusions CRP immunoreactivity in non-neoplastic liver is a novel biomarker for poor cancer-specific survival of HBV-associated HCC and correlates with serum CRP concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ho Shin
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunsil Yu
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Na Kim
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chong Jai Kim
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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