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Hu Z, Zhao X, Wu Z, Qu B, Yuan M, Xing Y, Song Y, Wang Z. Lymphatic vessel: origin, heterogeneity, biological functions, and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:9. [PMID: 38172098 PMCID: PMC10764842 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01723-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels, comprising the secondary circulatory system in human body, play a multifaceted role in maintaining homeostasis among various tissues and organs. They are tasked with a serious of responsibilities, including the regulation of lymph absorption and transport, the orchestration of immune surveillance and responses. Lymphatic vessel development undergoes a series of sophisticated regulatory signaling pathways governing heterogeneous-origin cell populations stepwise to assemble into the highly specialized lymphatic vessel networks. Lymphangiogenesis, as defined by new lymphatic vessels sprouting from preexisting lymphatic vessels/embryonic veins, is the main developmental mechanism underlying the formation and expansion of lymphatic vessel networks in an embryo. However, abnormal lymphangiogenesis could be observed in many pathological conditions and has a close relationship with the development and progression of various diseases. Mechanistic studies have revealed a set of lymphangiogenic factors and cascades that may serve as the potential targets for regulating abnormal lymphangiogenesis, to further modulate the progression of diseases. Actually, an increasing number of clinical trials have demonstrated the promising interventions and showed the feasibility of currently available treatments for future clinical translation. Targeting lymphangiogenic promoters or inhibitors not only directly regulates abnormal lymphangiogenesis, but improves the efficacy of diverse treatments. In conclusion, we present a comprehensive overview of lymphatic vessel development and physiological functions, and describe the critical involvement of abnormal lymphangiogenesis in multiple diseases. Moreover, we summarize the targeting therapeutic values of abnormal lymphangiogenesis, providing novel perspectives for treatment strategy of multiple human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoliang Hu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xushi Zhao
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Zhonghua Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Bicheng Qu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Minxian Yuan
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yanan Xing
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Yongxi Song
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Zhenning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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2
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Liu P, Ding P, Sun C, Chen S, Lowe S, Meng L, Zhao Q. Lymphangiogenesis in gastric cancer: function and mechanism. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:405. [PMID: 37803421 PMCID: PMC10559534 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01298-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased lymphangiogenesis and lymph node (LN) metastasis are thought to be important steps in cancer metastasis, and are associated with patient's poor prognosis. There is increasing evidence that the lymphatic system may play a crucial role in regulating tumor immune response and limiting tumor metastasis, since tumor lymphangiogenesis is more prominent in tumor metastasis and diffusion. Lymphangiogenesis takes place in embryonic development, wound healing, and a variety of pathological conditions, including tumors. Tumor cells and tumor microenvironment cells generate growth factors (such as lymphangiogenesis factor VEGF-C/D), which can promote lymphangiogenesis, thereby inducing the metastasis and diffusion of tumor cells. Nevertheless, the current research on lymphangiogenesis in gastric cancer is relatively scattered and lacks a comprehensive understanding. Therefore, in this review, we aim to provide a detailed perspective on molecules and signal transduction pathways that regulate gastric cancer lymphogenesis, which may provide new insights for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Liu
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Comprehensive Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Ping'an Ding
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Comprehensive Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Chenyu Sun
- AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, 2900 N. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60657, USA
| | - Shuya Chen
- Newham University Hospital, Glen Road, Plaistow, London, E13 8SL, England, UK
| | - Scott Lowe
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, 1750 Independence Ave, Kansas City, MO, 64106, USA
| | - Lingjiao Meng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Comprehensive Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China.
- Research Center of the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China.
| | - Qun Zhao
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Comprehensive Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China.
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Xu D, Luo Y, Wang P, Li J, Ma L, Huang J, Zhang H, Yang X, Li L, Zheng Y, Fang G, Yan P. Clinical progress of anti-angiogenic targeted therapy and combination therapy for gastric cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1148131. [PMID: 37384288 PMCID: PMC10295723 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1148131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of gastric cancer is increasing year by year. Most gastric cancers are already in the advanced stage with poor prognosis when diagnosed, which means the current treatment is not satisfactory. Angiogenesis is an important link in the occurrence and development of tumors, and there are multiple anti-angiogenesis targeted therapies. To comprehensively evaluate the efficacy and safety of anti-angiogenic targeted drugs alone and in combination against gastric cancer, we systematically searched and sorted out relevant literature. In this review, we summarized the efficacy and safety of Ramucirumab, Bevacizumab, Apatinib, Fruquintinib, Sorafenib, Sunitinib, Pazopanib on gastric cancer when used alone or in combination based on prospective clinical trials reported in the literature, and sorted response biomarkers. We also summarized the challenges faced by anti-angiogenesis therapy for gastric cancer and available solutions. Finally, the characteristics of the current clinical research are summarized and suggestions and prospects are raised. This review will serve as a good reference for the clinical research of anti-angiogenic targeted drugs in the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghan Xu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yehao Luo
- School of Second Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Linrui Ma
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Xiaoman Yang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Liqi Li
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yuhong Zheng
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Gang Fang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Applied Fundamental Research of Zhuang Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Peiyu Yan
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology Zhuhai MUST Science and Technology Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
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Zhou Y, Zhu X, Wang H, Duan C, Cui H, Shi J, Shi S, Yuan G, Hu Y. The Role of VEGF Family in Lipid Metabolism. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2023; 24:253-265. [PMID: 35524661 DOI: 10.2174/1389201023666220506105026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family plays a major role in tumors and ophthalmic diseases. However, increasingly more data reported its potential in regulating lipids. With its biological functions mainly expressed in lymphatic vessels, some factors in the families, like VEGF-A and VEGF-C, have been proved to regulate intestinal absorption of lipids by affecting chylous ducts. Other effects, including regulating lipoprotein lipase (LPL), endothelial lipase (EL), and recombinant syndecan 1 (SDC1), have also been confirmed. However, given the scant-related studies, further research should be conducted to examine the concrete mechanisms and provide pragmatic ways to apply them in the clinic. The VEGF family may treat dyslipidemia in specific ways that are different from common methods and concurrently contribute to the treatment of other metabolic diseases, like diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xueping Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglin Duan
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hanming Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guozhen Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhui Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ma C, Huang W, Wang H, Yao W, Liang M, Yu G, Zhou X. Oxidized LDL promotes EMS-induced angiogenesis by increasing VEGF-A expression and secretion by endometrial cells. Mol Med 2022; 28:151. [PMID: 36503493 PMCID: PMC9743733 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00582-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis (EMS) is a "tumour-like" gynaecological disease with distant metastasis, and studies have shown that EMS can induce distant metastasis through vascular vessels, but the driving factors and their mechanism are not clear. METHODS We used an EMS animal model and gene knockout technique to explore the role of EMS-induced angiogenesis in EMS metastasis in vivo and in vitro and clarify the role and molecular mechanism of oxLDL in promoting EMS-induced angiogenesis. RESULTS We found that microvascular density (MVD) in metastasized ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrial tissue was higher than that in normal endometrial tissue, and plasma oxLDL was positively correlated with the distant metastasis of EMS. Furthermore, we clarified that oxLDL enhanced the MVD of endometrial tissue by increasing VEGF-A expression and secretion in endometrial cells. Finally, we illustrated the mechanism by which oxLDL promotes VEGF-A expression through the AKT-HIF-1α signalling pathway. CONCLUSION OxLDL is a risk factor promoting distant EMS metastasis by increasing VEGF-A expression and secretion through AKT-HIF-1α signalling. This finding may provide theoretical support and therapeutic targets for the clinical prevention and treatment of EMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiqi Ma
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 621, Gangwan Road, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, 510530 China
| | - Wei Huang
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 621, Gangwan Road, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, 510530 China
| | - Hui Wang
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Reproductive Medical Center, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 9, Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510530 China
| | - Wenxia Yao
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 621, Gangwan Road, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, 510530 China
| | - Min Liang
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 621, Gangwan Road, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, 510530 China
| | - Guifang Yu
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 621, Gangwan Road, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, 510530 China
| | - Xinke Zhou
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 621, Gangwan Road, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, 510530 China
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A Four-Gene Signature Associated with Radioresistance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Identified by Text Mining and Data Analysis. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5693806. [PMID: 36203528 PMCID: PMC9532131 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5693806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth leading cancer globally, and radiotherapy plays a crucial part in its treatment. This study was designed to identify potential genes related to radiation resistance in HNSCC. Method We first used text mining to obtain common genes related to radiotherapy resistance and HNSCC in published articles. Functional enrichment analyses were conducted to identify the significantly enriched pathways and genes. Protein and protein interactions were performed, and the most significant gene modules were determined; then, genes in the gene modules were validated at transcriptional levels and overall survival. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) score was calculated, and the association between GSVA score and survival/pathway was estimated. Immune cell infiltration, methylation, and genetic alteration analysis of these genes was conducted in HNSCC patients. Finally, potential sensitive anticancer drugs related to target genes were obtained. Result We identified 583 common genes through text mining. After further validation, a four-gene signature (EPHB2, SPP1, SERPINE1, and VEGFC) was constructed. The patients with higher GSVA scores have a worse prognosis than those with lower GSVA scores. Differences in methylation of these four genes in HNSCC tumor tissue and normal tissue were compared, with higher methylation levels of EBPH2 and SPP1 in normal tissue and higher methylation levels of SERPINE1 in the tumor. Immune cell infiltration revealed that the increased expression of these genes was closely related to the infiltration level of CD4+ T cell, neutrophil, macrophage, and dendritic cell. Thirty drugs, including 22 positively and eight negatively correlated drugs that most correlated with related genes, were available for treating HNSCC. Conclusion In this study, we identified four potential genes as well as corresponding drugs that might be related to radioresistance in HNSCC patients. These candidate genes may provide a promising avenue to further elevate radiotherapy efficacy.
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Zheng SM, Chen H, Sha WH, Chen XF, Yin JB, Zhu XB, Zheng ZW, Ma J. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein stimulates CD206 positive macrophages upregulating CD44 and CD133 expression in colorectal cancer with high-fat diet. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:4993-5006. [PMID: 36160648 PMCID: PMC9494932 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i34.4993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), which is abnormally increased in the serum of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients consuming a high-fat diet (HFD), may be one of the risk factors for the development of CRC. Ox-LDL exerts a regulatory effect on macrophages and may influence CRC through the tumor microenvironment. The role of ox-LDL in CRC remains unclear.
AIM To investigate the role of ox-LDL through macrophages in HFD associated CRC.
METHODS The expression of ox-LDL and CD206 was detected in colorectal tissues of CRC patients with hyperlipidemia and HFD-fed mice by immunofluorescence. We stimulated the macrophages with 20 μg/mL ox-LDL and assessed the expression levels of CD206 and the cytokines by cell fluorescence and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We further knocked down LOX-1, the surface receptor of ox-LDL, to confirm the function of ox-LDL in macrophages. Then, LoVo cells were co-cultured with the stimulated macrophages to analyze the CD44 and CD133 expression by western blot.
RESULTS The expression of ox-LDL and the CD206 was significantly increased in the stroma of colorectal tissues of CRC patients with hyperlipidemia, and also upregulated in the HFD-fed mice. Moreover, an increased level of CD206 and decreased level of inducible nitric oxide synthase were observed in macrophages after ox-LDL continuous stimulation. Such effects were inhibited when the surface receptor LOX-1 was knocked down in macrophages. Ox-LDL could induce CD206+ macrophages, which resulted in high expression of CD44 and CD133 in co-cultured LoVo cells.
CONCLUSION Ox-LDL stimulates CD206+ macrophages to upregulate CD44 and CD133 expression in HFD related CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Min Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
- Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei-Hong Sha
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
- Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
- Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Fen Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
- Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian-Bin Yin
- Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
- Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhong-Wen Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Juan Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
- Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
- Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
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Tian L, Chen X, Cao L, Zhang L, Chen J. Effects of plant-based medicinal food on postoperative recurrence and lung metastasis of gastric cancer regulated by Wnt/β-catenin-EMT signaling pathway and VEGF-C/D-VEGFR-3 cascade in a mouse model. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:233. [PMID: 36056333 PMCID: PMC9438347 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03703-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The plant-based medicinal food (PBMF) is a functional compound extracted from 6 medicinal and edible plants: Coix seed, L. edodes, A. officinalis L., H. cordata, Dandelion, and G. frondosa. Our previous studies have confirmed that the PBMF possesses anti-tumor properties in a subcutaneous xenograft model of nude mice. This study aims to further investigate the effects and potential molecular mechanisms of the PBMF on the recurrence and metastasis of gastric cancer (GC). Methods Postoperative recurrence and metastasis model of GC was successfully established in inbred 615 mice inoculated with mouse forestomach carcinoma (MFC) cells. After tumorectomy, 63 GC mice were randomly divided into five groups and respectively subject to different treatments for 15 days as below: model control group, 5-Fu group, and three doses of PBMF (43.22, 86.44, 172.88 g/kg PBMF in diet respectively). The inhibition rate (IR) of recurrence tumor weights and organ coefficients were calculated. Meanwhile, histopathological changes were examined and the metastasis IR in lungs and lymph node tissues was computed. The mRNA expressions related to the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and lymphangiogenesis were detected by RT-qPCR in recurrence tumors and/or lung tissues. Protein expressions of β-catenin, p-β-catenin (Ser33/37/Thr41), GSK-3β, p-GSK-3β (Ser9), E-cadherin, and Vimentin in recurrence tumors were determined by Western Blot. LYVE-1, VEGF-C/D, and VEGFR-3 levels in recurrence tumors and/or lung tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry staining. Results The mRNA, as well as protein expression of GSK-3β were up-regulated and the mRNA expression of β-catenin was down-regulated after PBMF treatment. Meanwhile, the ratio of p-β-catenin (Ser33/37/Thr41) to β-catenin protein was increased significantly and the p-GSK-3β (Ser9) protein level was decreased. And PMBF could effectively decrease the mRNA and protein levels of Vimentin while increasing those of E-cadherin. Furthermore, PBMF markedly reduced lymphatic vessel density (LVD) (labeled by LYVE-1) in recurrence tumor tissues, and mRNA levels of VEGF-C/D, VEGFR-2/3 of recurrence tumors were all significantly lower in the high-dose group. Conclusions PBMF had a significant inhibitory effect on recurrence and lung metastasis of GC. The potential mechanism may involve reversing EMT by inhabiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Lymphatic metastasis was also inhibited by PBMF via down-regulating the activation of the VEGF-C/D-VEGFR-2/3 signaling cascade. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03703-0.
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Cui MY, Yi X, Zhu DX, Wu J. The Role of Lipid Metabolism in Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:916661. [PMID: 35785165 PMCID: PMC9240397 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.916661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer has been one of the most common cancers worldwide with extensive metastasis and high mortality. Chemotherapy has been found as a main treatment for metastatic gastric cancer, whereas drug resistance limits the effectiveness of chemotherapy and leads to treatment failure. Chemotherapy resistance in gastric cancer has a complex and multifactorial mechanism, among which lipid metabolism plays a vital role. Increased synthesis of new lipids or uptake of exogenous lipids can facilitate the rapid growth of cancer cells and tumor formation. Lipids form the structural basis of biofilms while serving as signal molecules and energy sources. It is noteworthy that lipid metabolism is capable of inducing drug resistance in gastric cancer cells by reshaping the tumor micro-environment. In this study, new mechanisms of lipid metabolism in gastric cancer and the metabolic pathways correlated with chemotherapy resistance are reviewed. In particular, we discuss the effects of lipid metabolism on autophagy, biomarkers treatment and drug resistance in gastric cancer from the perspective of lipid metabolism. In brief, new insights can be gained into the development of promising therapies through an in-depth investigation of the mechanism of lipid metabolism reprogramming and resensitization to chemotherapy in gastric cancer cells, and scientific treatment can be provided by applying lipid-key enzyme inhibitors as cancer chemical sensitizers in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jun Wu
- *Correspondence: Jun Wu, ; Dan-Xia Zhu,
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10
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Sun D, Zhang M, Wei M, Wang Z, Qiao W, Liu P, Zhong X, Liang Y, Chen Y, Huang Y, Yu W. Ox-LDL-mediated ILF3 overexpression in gastric cancer progression by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:3887-3909. [PMID: 35507914 PMCID: PMC9134943 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the relationship of dyslipidemia and interleukin-enhancer binding factor 3 (ILF3) in gastric cancer, and provide insights into the potential application of statins as an agent to prevent and treat gastric cancer. Methods: The expression levels of ILF3 in gastric cancer were examined with publicly available datasets such as TCGA, and western blotting and immunohistochemistry were performed to determine the expression of ILF3 in clinical specimens. The effects of ox-LDL on expression of ILF3 were further verified with western blot analyses. RNA sequencing, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene Ontology (GO), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) pathway analyses were performed to reveal the potential downstream signaling pathway targets of ILF3. The effects of statins and ILF3 on PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, cell proliferation, cell cycle, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells were investigated with Edu assay, flow cytometry and transwell assay. Results: Immunohistochemistry and western blot demonstrated that the positive expression rates of ILF3 in gastric cancer tissues were higher than adjacent mucosa tissues. The ox-LDL promoted the expression of ILF3 in a time-concentration-dependent manner. ILF3 promoted the proliferation, cell cycle, migration and invasion by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Statins inhibited the proliferation, cell cycle, migration and invasion of gastric cancer by inhibiting the expression of ILF3. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that ox-LDL promotes ILF3 overexpression to regulate gastric cancer progression by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Statins inhibits the expression of ILF3, which might be a new targeted therapy for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Mingxiang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Meng Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Wen Qiao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yize Liang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Nursing Department, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yadi Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Wenbin Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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11
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Deng CF, Zhu N, Zhao TJ, Li HF, Gu J, Liao DF, Qin L. Involvement of LDL and ox-LDL in Cancer Development and Its Therapeutical Potential. Front Oncol 2022; 12:803473. [PMID: 35251975 PMCID: PMC8889620 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.803473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism disorder is related to an increased risk of tumorigenesis and is involved in the rapid growth of cancer cells as well as the formation of metastatic lesions. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) are closely associated with breast cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and other malignancies, suggesting that LDL and ox-LDL play important roles during the occurrence and development of cancers. LDL can deliver cholesterol into cancer cells after binding to LDL receptor (LDLR). Activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway induces transcription of the sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), which subsequently promotes cholesterol uptake and synthesis to meet the demand of cancer cells. Ox-LDL binds to the lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) to induce mutations, resulting in inflammation, cell proliferation, and metastasis of cancer. Classic lipid-lowering drugs, statins, have been shown to reduce LDL levels in certain types of cancer. As LDL and ox-LDL play complicated roles in cancers, the potential therapeutic effect of targeting lipid metabolism in cancer therapy warrants more investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Feng Deng
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Neng Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Tan-Jun Zhao
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Hong-Fang Li
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Gu
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Duan-Fang Liao
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Li Qin
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Institutional Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine in Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Li Qin,
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12
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Cui MY, Yi X, Zhu DX, Wu J. Aberrant lipid metabolism reprogramming and immune microenvironment for gastric cancer: a literature review. Transl Cancer Res 2022; 10:3829-3842. [PMID: 35116681 PMCID: PMC8797372 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-21-655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective We summarize the aberrant lipid metabolism disorders associated with enzyme activity and expression changes and related immune microenvironment for gastric cancer. Background Gastric cancer is a malignant tumor of the primary digestive system with high incidence, poor prognosis characterized by extensive metastasis and poor effect with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. One of the most important metabolic characteristics of cancer cells is lipid metabolism reprogramming to adapt to the tumor micro-environment. Methods The focus of research in recent years has also been on lipid metabolism disorders, particularly aberrant metabolism of fatty acids (FAs) in gastric cancer cells, as well as an upregulation of the expression and activity of key enzymes in lipid metabolism. These changes remind us of the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. These metabolic changes are not unique to cancer cells. Changes in metabolic procedures also determine the function and viability of immune cells. In the immune microenvironment of gastric cancer, the metabolic competition and interaction between cancer cells and immune cells are not very clear, while a deeper understanding of the topic is critical to targeting the differential metabolic requirements of them that comprise an immune response to cancer offers an opportunity to selectively regulate immune cell function. Conclusions Recent research suggests that targeting metabolism is an emerging and potentially promising treatment strategy for gastric cancer patients. We need to explore it further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ying Cui
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xing Yi
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Dan-Xia Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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13
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Abdulla N, Vincent CT, Kaur M. Mechanistic Insights Delineating the Role of Cholesterol in Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition and Drug Resistance in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:728325. [PMID: 34869315 PMCID: PMC8640133 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.728325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the significant advancements made in targeted anti-cancer therapy, drug resistance constitutes a multifaceted phenomenon leading to therapy failure and ultimately mortality. Emerging experimental evidence highlight a role of cholesterol metabolism in facilitating drug resistance in cancer. This review aims to describe the role of cholesterol in facilitating multi-drug resistance in cancer. We focus on specific signaling pathways that contribute to drug resistance and the link between these pathways and cholesterol. Additionally, we briefly discuss the molecular mechanisms related to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the documented link between EMT, metastasis and drug resistance. We illustrate this by specifically focusing on hypoxia and the role it plays in influencing cellular cholesterol content following EMT induction. Finally, we provide a proposed model delineating the crucial role of cholesterol in EMT and discuss whether targeting cholesterol could serve as a novel means of combatting drug resistance in cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naaziyah Abdulla
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - C Theresa Vincent
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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14
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Gao X, Zhao N, Dong L, Zheng X, Zhang Y, Ding C, Zhao S, Ma Z, Wang Y. A Novel Lipid Prognostic Signature of ADCY2, LIPE, and OLR1 in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:735993. [PMID: 34900686 PMCID: PMC8655234 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.735993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
SIMPLE SUMMARY Clinically, aberrant lipid metabolism is responsible for overweight and/or obesity. Overweight is considered as an independent factor of cancer risk in 2019. Therefore, lipid metabolic reprogramming is an emerging hallmark of malignancy. It is an urgent need to comprehensively understand the relationship among lipid metabolism and HNSCC and identify a valuable biomarker for predicting prognosis of HNSCC patients. Three new findings were found in this study. Firstly, we identified the lipid-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by using the GEO microarrays and TCGA dataset. A novel lipid-related mRNA prognostic signature (LRPS, consisting of ADCY2, LIPE and OLR1) was developed, which could predict the survival and prognosis of HNSCC patients as an independent effective prognostic factor. Secondly, we found that the LRPS could indicate the type of infiltrated immune cells in HNSCC tumor microenvironment. Thirdly, we verified that the LPPS score could interpret the TP53 status of HNSCC. Our new findings indicated that LRPS has a potential to be a promising indicator of overall survival, TP53 status, and immune characteristics in HNSCC, and perhaps can monitor and guide the treatment efficacy and prognosis of HNSCC in the future. BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is characterized by a high frequency of lymph node metastasis and a high mortality. Lipid metabolic reprogramming is an emerging carcinogen as its role in fulfilling cancer growth and spread. However, little is known about the correlation between lipid metabolism and HNSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Expressions of lipid-related genes were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene expression Omnibus (GEO) databases for differential and functional analyses. A total number of 498 patients from TCGA with complete information were included to identify a lipid-related prognostic signature (LRPS), based on ADCY2, LIPE, and OLR1, by using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. LRPS-high and LRPS-low groups were accordingly divided to pathway and cell enrichment analyses. RESULTS LRS-low patients had a better overall survival and relapse - free survival than LRS-high ones in HNSCC. The LRPS-high group was significantly related to perineural invasion of cancer, cancer-related pathways, high TP53 mutation rate, high proportion of natural killer T cells (NKT), dendritic cells, monocytes, Treg, and M1 and M2 macrophage infiltration in HNSCC tumor tissues. Conversely, the LRPS-low group correlated with DNA damage-related and T-cell-regulated pathways, low frequency of mutated TP53, and high infiltration of B cells and CD4+ effector cells including Th1 and Th2. CONCLUSION LRPS has a potential to be a promising indicator of overall survival, prognosis, TP53 status, and immune characteristics in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Gao
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liying Dong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Zheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Chong Ding
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyan Zhao
- The Fifth Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Zeyun Ma
- Department of VIP Service, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yixiang Wang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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15
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Lipoproteins as Markers for Monitoring Cancer Progression. J Lipids 2021; 2021:8180424. [PMID: 34552769 PMCID: PMC8452421 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8180424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoproteins are among the contributors of energy for the survival of cancer cells. Studies indicate there are complex functions and metabolism of lipoproteins in cancer. The current review is aimed at providing updates from studies related to the monitoring of lipoproteins in different types of cancer. This had led to numerous clinical and experimental studies. The review covers the major lipoproteins such as LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (oxLDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). This is mainly due to increasing evidence from clinical and experimental studies that relate association of lipoproteins with cancer. Generally, a significant association exists between LDL-C with carcinogenesis and high oxLDL with metastasis. This warrants further investigations to include Mendelian randomization design and to be conducted in a larger population to confirm the significance of LDL-C and its oxidized form as prognostic markers of cancer.
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16
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Zhou Y, Zhu X, Cui H, Shi J, Yuan G, Shi S, Hu Y. The Role of the VEGF Family in Coronary Heart Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:738325. [PMID: 34504884 PMCID: PMC8421775 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.738325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family, the regulator of blood and lymphatic vessels, is mostly investigated in the tumor and ophthalmic field. However, the functions it enjoys can also interfere with the development of atherosclerosis (AS) and further diseases like coronary heart disease (CHD). The source, regulating mechanisms including upregulation and downregulation, target cells/tissues, and known functions about VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, and VEGF-D are covered in the review. VEGF-A can regulate angiogenesis, vascular permeability, and inflammation by binding with VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2. VEGF-B can regulate angiogenesis, redox, and apoptosis by binding with VEGFR-1. VEGF-C can regulate inflammation, lymphangiogenesis, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and fibrogenesis by binding with VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3. VEGF-D can regulate lymphangiogenesis, angiogenesis, fibrogenesis, and apoptosis by binding with VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3. These functions present great potential of applying the VEGF family for treating CHD. For instance, angiogenesis can compensate for hypoxia and ischemia by growing novel blood vessels. Lymphangiogenesis can degrade inflammation by providing exits for accumulated inflammatory cytokines. Anti-apoptosis can protect myocardium from impairment after myocardial infarction (MI). Fibrogenesis can promote myocardial fibrosis after MI to benefit cardiac recovery. In addition, all these factors have been confirmed to keep a link with lipid metabolism, the research about which is still in the early stage and exact mechanisms are relatively obscure. Because few reviews have been published about the summarized role of the VEGF family for treating CHD, the aim of this review article is to present an overview of the available evidence supporting it and give hints for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xueping Zhu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hanming Cui
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guozhen Yuan
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Shi
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhui Hu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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17
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Ikari N, Serizawa A, Tanji E, Yamamoto M, Furukawa T. Analysis of RHOA mutations and their significance in the proliferation and transcriptome of digestive tract cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:735. [PMID: 34466148 PMCID: PMC8387854 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ras homolog family member A (RHOA) gene encodes a member of the Rho family of small GTPases and is known to function in reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, which is associated with regulation of cell shape, attachment and motility. RHOA has been found to be recurrently mutated in gastrointestinal cancer; however, the functional significance of the mutated RHOA protein in digestive tract cancers remains to be uncovered. The aim of the present study was to understand the role of mutant RHOA in the proliferation and transcriptome of digestive tract cancer cells. Mutations of RHOA in one esophageal cancer cell line, OE19, eight gastric cancer cell lines, namely, AGS, GCIY, HGC-27, KATO III, MKN1, MKN45, SNU16 and SNU719, as well as two colon cancer cell lines, CCK-81 and SW948, were determined using Sanger sequencing. The results uncovered several mutations, including p.Arg5Gln and p.Tyr42Cys in CCK-81, p.Arg5Trp and p.Phe39Leu in SNU16, p.Gly17Glu in SW948, p.Tyr42Ser in OE19, p.Ala61Val in SNU719, p.Glu64del in AGS. Wild-type RHOA was identified in GCIY, HGC-27, KATO III, MKN1 and MKN45. Knockdown of RHOA using small interfering RNA attenuated the in vitro proliferation in the three-dimensional culture systems of GCIY, MKN1, OE19 and SW948, whereas no apparent changes were seen in CCK-81, HGC-27 and SNU719. Transcriptome analysis revealed that downregulation of the long non-coding RNA (lnc)-DERA-1 was observed in all tested cell lines following RHOA knockdown in the RHOA-mutated cell lines. Gene Ontology analysis showed that the genes associated with small molecule metabolic process, oxidation-reduction processes, protein kinase activity, transport, and cell junction were commonly downregulated in cells whose proliferation was attenuated by the knockdown of RHOA. These results suggested that certain RHOA mutations may result in upregulation of lnc-DERA-1 and genes associated with cellular metabolism and proliferation in digestive tract cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ikari
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Akiko Serizawa
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Etsuko Tanji
- Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Toru Furukawa
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.,Department of Investigative Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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18
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Luo D, Yang Q, Wang H, Tan M, Zou Y, Liu J. A predictive model for assessing prognostic risks in gastric cancer patients using gene expression and methylation data. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:14. [PMID: 33407483 PMCID: PMC7789242 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-00856-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role(s) of epigenetic reprogramming in gastric cancer (GC) remain obscure. This study was designed to identify methylated gene markers with prognostic potential for GC. METHODS Five datasets containing gene expression and methylation profiles from GC samples were collected from the GEO database, and subjected to meta-analysis. All five datasets were subjected to quality control and then differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed methylation genes (DEMGs) were selected using MetaDE. Correlations between gene expression and methylation status were analysed using Pearson coefficient correlation. Then, enrichment analyses were conducted to identify signature genes that were significantly different at both the gene expression and methylation levels. Cox regression analyses were performed to identify clinical factors and these were combined with the signature genes to create a prognosis-related predictive model. This model was then evaluated for predictive accuracy and then validated using a validation dataset. RESULTS This study identified 1565 DEGs and 3754 DEMGs in total. Of these, 369 were differentially expressed at both the gene and methylation levels. We identified 12 signature genes including VEGFC, FBP1, NR3C1, NFE2L2, and DFNA5 which were combined with the clinical data to produce a novel prognostic model for GC. This model could effectively split GC patients into two groups, high- and low-risk with these observations being confirmed in the validation dataset. CONCLUSION The differential methylation of the 12 signature genes, including VEGFC, FBP1, NR3C1, NFE2L2, and DFNA5, identified in this study may help to produce a functional predictive model for evaluating GC prognosis in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, 33 Mashi St, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan China
| | - QingLing Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, 33 Mashi St, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan China
| | - HaiBo Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, 33 Mashi St, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan China
| | - Mao Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, 33 Mashi St, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan China
| | - YanLei Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, 33 Mashi St, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, 33 Mashi St, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan China
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19
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Murdocca M, De Masi C, Pucci S, Mango R, Novelli G, Di Natale C, Sangiuolo F. LOX-1 and cancer: an indissoluble liaison. Cancer Gene Ther 2021; 28:1088-1098. [PMID: 33402733 PMCID: PMC8571092 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a strong correlation between metabolic disorders, tumor onset, and progression has been demonstrated, directing new therapeutic strategies on metabolic targets. OLR1 gene encodes the LOX-1 receptor protein, responsible for the recognition, binding, and internalization of ox-LDL. In the past, several studied, aimed to clarify the role of LOX-1 receptor in atherosclerosis, shed light on its role in the stimulation of the expression of adhesion molecules, pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, and pro-angiogenic proteins, including NF-kB and VEGF, in vascular endothelial cells and macrophages. In recent years, LOX-1 upregulation in different tumors evidenced its involvement in cancer onset, progression and metastasis. In this review, we outline the role of LOX-1 in tumor spreading and metastasis, evidencing its function in VEGF induction, HIF-1alpha activation, and MMP-9/MMP-2 expression, pushing up the neoangiogenic and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process in glioblastoma, osteosarcoma prostate, colon, breast, lung, and pancreatic tumors. Moreover, our studies contributed to evidence its role in interacting with WNT/APC/β-catenin axis, highlighting new pathways in sporadic colon cancer onset. The application of volatilome analysis in high expressing LOX-1 tumor-bearing mice correlates with the tumor evolution, suggesting a closed link between LOX-1 upregulation and metabolic changes in individual volatile compounds and thus providing a viable method for a simple, non-invasive alternative monitoring of tumor progression. These findings underline the role of LOX-1 as regulator of tumor progression, migration, invasion, metastasis formation, and tumor-related neo-angiogenesis, proposing this receptor as a promising therapeutic target and thus enhancing current antineoplastic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Murdocca
- grid.6530.00000 0001 2300 0941Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - C. De Masi
- grid.6530.00000 0001 2300 0941Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - S. Pucci
- grid.6530.00000 0001 2300 0941Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - R. Mango
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Tor Vergata Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - G. Novelli
- grid.6530.00000 0001 2300 0941Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - C. Di Natale
- grid.6530.00000 0001 2300 0941Department of Electronic Engineering, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - F. Sangiuolo
- grid.6530.00000 0001 2300 0941Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
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20
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Hill CN, Hernández-Cáceres MP, Asencio C, Torres B, Solis B, Owen GI. Deciphering the Role of the Coagulation Cascade and Autophagy in Cancer-Related Thrombosis and Metastasis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:605314. [PMID: 33365273 PMCID: PMC7750537 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.605314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombotic complications are the second leading cause of death among oncology patients worldwide. Enhanced thrombogenesis has multiple origins and may result from a deregulation of megakaryocyte platelet production in the bone marrow, the synthesis of coagulation factors in the liver, and coagulation factor signaling upon cancer and the tumor microenvironment (TME). While a hypercoagulable state has been attributed to factors such as thrombocytosis, enhanced platelet aggregation and Tissue Factor (TF) expression on cancer cells, further reports have suggested that coagulation factors can enhance metastasis through increased endothelial-cancer cell adhesion and enhanced endothelial cell activation. Autophagy is highly associated with cancer survival as a double-edged sword, as can both inhibit and promote cancer progression. In this review, we shall dissect the crosstalk between the coagulation cascade and autophagic pathway and its possible role in metastasis and cancer-associated thrombosis formation. The signaling of the coagulation cascade through the autophagic pathway within the hematopoietic stem cells, the endothelial cell and the cancer cell are discussed. Relevant to the coagulation cascade, we also examine the role of autophagy-related pathways in cancer treatment. In this review, we aim to bring to light possible new areas of cancer investigation and elucidate strategies for future therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Nicole Hill
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Catalina Asencio
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Begoña Torres
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Benjamin Solis
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gareth I Owen
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Chen XQ, Wu PW, Liu DH, Yan SJ, Shen XM, Yang LY. Prognostic significance of high triglyceride and apolipoprotein B levels in patients with stage III and high-risk stage II colorectal cancer undergoing curative surgery. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:705-714. [PMID: 32565996 PMCID: PMC7285852 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Although epidemiologic studies suggest that dyslipidemia increases the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), the prognostic value of blood lipid and apolipoprotein levels in CRC remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of blood lipid and apolipoprotein levels on the prognosis of patients with stage III and high-risk stage II CRC undergoing curative surgery. Preoperative levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, very-low-density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein A1 and apolipoprotein B (APO-B) in patients with CRC undergoing surgery were evaluated. The cut-off values of these factors were determined by the maximal x2 method and were used to classify patients into two prognostic groups: Poor and good prognosis groups. The patients prognostic values were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox regression analysis. In addition, the impact of these parameters on the prognosis and their predictive accuracy were evaluated using nomograms and Harrells concordance index, respectively. In total, 246 patients were included in this evaluation. Based on the cut-off points for TG (1.53 mmol/l in men and 1.58 mmol/l in women) and APO-B (0.73 mmol/l in men and women), the present study determined that both TG and APO-B were predictors of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that high TG (men, ≥1.53 mmol/l; women, ≥1.58 mmol/l) and high APO-B (≥0.73 mmol/l) levels were significantly associated with decreased DFS and OS. Nomograms that included values for TG and APO-B levels demonstrated higher predictive accuracy compared with that of nomograms without these values. These results indicated that TG and APO-B levels may be good independent prognostic biomarkers after radical CRC surgery. Therefore, adjusting these parameters to moderate levels may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Qing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China.,Diabetes Research Institute of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Wen Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China.,Diabetes Research Institute of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Hui Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China.,Diabetes Research Institute of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Sun-Jie Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China.,Diabetes Research Institute of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Mei Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China.,Diabetes Research Institute of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Li-Yong Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China.,Diabetes Research Institute of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
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