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Lu KC, Tsai KW, Wang YK, Hu WC. Types of cell death and their relations to host immunological pathways. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:11755-11768. [PMID: 39120579 PMCID: PMC11346778 DOI: 10.18632/aging.206035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Various immune pathways have been identified in the host, including TH1, TH2, TH3, TH9, TH17, TH22, TH1-like, and THαβ immune reactions. While TH2 and TH9 responses primarily target multicellular parasites, host immune pathways directed against viruses, intracellular microorganisms (such as bacteria, protozoa, and fungi), and extracellular microorganisms can employ programmed cell death mechanisms to initiate immune responses or execute effective strategies for pathogen elimination. The types of programmed cell death involved include apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, and NETosis. Specifically, apoptosis is associated with host anti-virus eradicable THαβ immunity, autophagy with host anti-virus tolerable TH3 immunity, pyroptosis with host anti-intracellular microorganism eradicable TH1 immunity, ferroptosis with host anti-intracellular microorganism tolerable TH1-like immunity, necroptosis with host anti-extracellular microorganism eradicable TH22 immunity, and NETosis with host anti-extracellular microorganism tolerable TH17 immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Cheng Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuo-Wang Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Kuen Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taoyuan Armed Forced General Hospital, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wan-Chung Hu
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Clinical pathology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan, ROC
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Aleotti V, Catoni C, Poggiana C, Rosato A, Facchinetti A, Scaini MC. Methylation Markers in Cutaneous Melanoma: Unravelling the Potential Utility of Their Tracking by Liquid Biopsy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6217. [PMID: 34944843 PMCID: PMC8699653 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most serious, life-threatening form of all dermatologic diseases, with a poor prognosis in the presence of metastases and advanced disease. Despite recent advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy, there is still a critical need for a better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms behind melanoma progression and resistance onset. Recent advances in genome-wide methylation methods have revealed that aberrant changes in the pattern of DNA methylation play an important role in many aspects of cancer progression, including cell proliferation and migration, evasion of cell death, invasion, and metastasization. The purpose of the current review was to gather evidence regarding the usefulness of DNA methylation tracking in liquid biopsy as a potential biomarker in melanoma. We investigated the key genes and signal transduction pathways that have been found to be altered epigenetically in melanoma. We then highlighted the circulating tumor components present in blood, including circulating melanoma cells (CMC), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), as a valuable source for identifying relevant aberrations in DNA methylation. Finally, we focused on DNA methylation signatures as a marker for tracking response to therapy and resistance, thus facilitating personalized medicine and decision-making in the treatment of melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Aleotti
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy; (V.A.); (C.C.); (A.F.); (M.C.S.)
| | - Cristina Catoni
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy; (V.A.); (C.C.); (A.F.); (M.C.S.)
| | - Cristina Poggiana
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy; (V.A.); (C.C.); (A.F.); (M.C.S.)
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy; (V.A.); (C.C.); (A.F.); (M.C.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Antonella Facchinetti
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy; (V.A.); (C.C.); (A.F.); (M.C.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Scaini
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy; (V.A.); (C.C.); (A.F.); (M.C.S.)
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Cheng L, Yuan M, Li S, Lian Z, Chen J, Lin W, Zhang J, Zhong S. Identification of an IFN-β-associated gene signature for the prediction of overall survival among glioblastoma patients. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:925. [PMID: 34350240 PMCID: PMC8263857 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Brain glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant intracranial tumor. The prognosis of this disease is extremely poor. While the introduction of β-interferon (IFN-β) regimen in the treatment of gliomas has significantly improved the outcome of patients; The mechanism by which IFN-β induces increased TMZ sensitivity has not been described. Therefore, the main objective of the study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effect of IFNβ in GBM. Methods Messenger RNA expression profiles and clinicopathological data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) GBM and GSE83300 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Univariate Cox regression analysis and lasso Cox regression model established a novel 4-gene IFN-β signature (peroxiredoxin 1, Sec61 subunit beta, X-ray repair cross-complementing 5, and Bcl-2-like protein 2) for GBM prognosis prediction. Further, GBM samples (n=50) and normal brain tissues (n=50) were then used for real-time polymerase chain reaction experiments. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to further understand the underlying molecular mechanisms. Pearson correlation was applied to calculate the correlation between the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and IFN-β-associated genes. An lncRNA with a correlation coefficient |R2|>0.3 and P<0.05 was considered to be an IFN-β-associated lncRNA. Results Patients in the high-risk group had significantly poorer survival than patients in the low-risk group. The signature was found to be an independent prognostic factor for GBM survival. Furthermore, GSEA revealed several significantly enriched pathways, which might help explain the underlying mechanisms. Our study identified a novel robust 4-gene IFN-β signature for GBM prognosis prediction. The signature might contain potential biomarkers for metabolic therapy and treatment response prediction for GBM patients. Conclusions In the present study, we established a novel IFN-β-associated gene signature to predict the overall survival of GBM patients, which may help in clinical decision making for individual treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali University, Dali, China.,Clinical Medical School, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Meiling Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali University, Dali, China.,Clinical Medical School, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Benxi Jinshan Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Benxi, China
| | - Zhiying Lian
- Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjing Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Weibiao Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Shupeng Zhong
- Department of Oncology, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
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Wielgat P, Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek N, Czarnomysy R, Rogowski K, Bielawski K, Car H. The Paired Siglecs in Brain Tumours Therapy: The Immunomodulatory Effect of Dexamethasone and Temozolomide in Human Glioma In Vitro Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041791. [PMID: 33670244 PMCID: PMC7916943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The paired sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin like lectins (Siglecs) are characterized by similar cellular distribution and ligand recognition but opposing signalling functions attributed to different intracellular sequences. Since sialic acid—Siglec axis are known to control immune homeostasis, the imbalance between activatory and inhibitory mechanisms of glycan-dependent immune control is considered to promote pathology. The role of sialylation in cancer is described, however, its importance in immune regulation in gliomas is not fully understood. The experimental and clinical observation suggest that dexamethasone (Dex) and temozolomide (TMZ), used in the glioma management, alter the immunity within the tumour microenvironment. Using glioma-microglia/monocytes transwell co-cultures, we investigated modulatory action of Dex/TMZ on paired Siglecs. Based on real-time PCR and flow cytometry, we found changes in SIGLEC genes and their products. These effects were accompanied by altered cytokine profile and immune cells phenotype switching measured by arginases expression. Additionally, the exposure to Dex or TMZ increased the binding of inhibitory Siglec-5 and Siglec-11 fusion proteins to glioma cells. Our study suggests that the therapy-induced modulation of the interplay between sialoglycans and paired Siglecs, dependently on patient’s phenotype, is of particular signification in the immune surveillance in the glioma management and may be useful in glioma patient’s therapy plan verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Wielgat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-7450-647
| | | | - Robert Czarnomysy
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (R.C.); (K.B.)
| | - Karol Rogowski
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Bielawski
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (R.C.); (K.B.)
| | - Halina Car
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland;
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland;
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Zhai Z, Samson JM, Yamauchi T, Vaddi PK, Matsumoto Y, Dinarello CA, Ravindran Menon D, Fujita M. Inflammasome Sensor NLRP1 Confers Acquired Drug Resistance to Temozolomide in Human Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2518. [PMID: 32899791 PMCID: PMC7563249 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells gain drug resistance through a complex mechanism, in which nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) are critical contributors. Because NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein (NLRP) inflammasomes mediate IL-1β maturation and NF-κB activation, we investigated the role of inflammasome sensor NLRP1 in acquired drug resistance to temozolomide (TMZ) in melanoma. The sensitivity of melanoma cells to TMZ was negatively correlated with the expression levels of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), the enzyme to repair TMZ-induced DNA lesions. When MGMT-low human melanoma cells (1205Lu and HS294T) were treated with TMZ for over two months, MGMT was upregulated, and cells became resistant. However, the resistance mechanism was independent of MGMT, and the cells that acquired TMZ resistance showed increased NLRP1 expression, NLRP inflammasome activation, IL-1β secretion, and NF-κB activity, which contributed to the acquired resistance to TMZ. Finally, blocking IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) signaling with IL-1R antagonist decreased TMZ-resistant 1205Lu tumor growth in vivo. Although inflammation has been associated with drug resistance in various cancers, our paper is the first to demonstrate the involvement of NLRP in the development of acquired drug resistance. Because drug-tolerant cancer cells become cross-tolerant to other classes of cancer drugs, NLRP1 might be a suitable therapeutic target in drug-resistant melanoma, as well as in other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Zhai
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (Z.Z.); (J.M.S.); (T.Y.); (P.K.V.); (Y.M.); (D.R.M.)
| | - Jenny Mae Samson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (Z.Z.); (J.M.S.); (T.Y.); (P.K.V.); (Y.M.); (D.R.M.)
| | - Takeshi Yamauchi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (Z.Z.); (J.M.S.); (T.Y.); (P.K.V.); (Y.M.); (D.R.M.)
| | - Prasanna K. Vaddi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (Z.Z.); (J.M.S.); (T.Y.); (P.K.V.); (Y.M.); (D.R.M.)
| | - Yuko Matsumoto
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (Z.Z.); (J.M.S.); (T.Y.); (P.K.V.); (Y.M.); (D.R.M.)
| | - Charles A. Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Dinoop Ravindran Menon
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (Z.Z.); (J.M.S.); (T.Y.); (P.K.V.); (Y.M.); (D.R.M.)
| | - Mayumi Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (Z.Z.); (J.M.S.); (T.Y.); (P.K.V.); (Y.M.); (D.R.M.)
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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