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Chojak R, Fares J, Petrosyan E, Lesniak MS. Cellular senescence in glioma. J Neurooncol 2023; 164:11-29. [PMID: 37458855 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04387-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor and is often associated with treatment resistance and poor prognosis. Standard treatment typically involves radiotherapy and temozolomide-based chemotherapy, both of which induce cellular senescence-a tumor suppression mechanism. DISCUSSION Gliomas employ various mechanisms to bypass or escape senescence and remain in a proliferative state. Importantly, senescent cells remain viable and secrete a large number of factors collectively known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that, paradoxically, also have pro-tumorigenic effects. Furthermore, senescent cells may represent one form of tumor dormancy and play a role in glioma recurrence and progression. CONCLUSION In this article, we delineate an overview of senescence in the context of gliomas, including the mechanisms that lead to senescence induction, bypass, and escape. Furthermore, we examine the role of senescent cells in the tumor microenvironment and their role in tumor progression and recurrence. Additionally, we highlight potential therapeutic opportunities for targeting senescence in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Chojak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N. St Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jawad Fares
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N. St Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Edgar Petrosyan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N. St Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N. St Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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2
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Chang HH, Lin YH, Chen TM, Tsai YL, Lai CR, Tsai WC, Cheng YC, Chen Y. ONX-0914 Induces Apoptosis and Autophagy with p53 Regulation in Human Glioblastoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225712. [PMID: 36428804 PMCID: PMC9688407 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is believed to be one of the most aggressive brain tumors in the world. ONX-0914 (PR957) is a selective inhibitor of proteasome subunit beta type-8 (PSMB8). Previous studies have shown that inhibiting PSMB8 expression in glioblastoma reduces tumor progression. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether ONX-0914 has antitumor effects on human glioblastoma. The results indicated that ONX-0914 treatment inhibited survival in LN229, GBM8401, and U87MG glioblastoma cells. Cell cycle analysis showed that ONX-0914 treatment caused cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and apoptosis in glioblastoma cells. The protein expression of BCL-2 was reduced and PARP was cleaved after ONX-0914 treatment. Furthermore, the levels of p53 and phosphorylated p53 were increased by ONX-0914 treatment in glioblastoma cells. ONX-0914 also induced autophagy in glioblastoma cells. Furthermore, the p53 inhibitor pifithrin attenuated apoptosis but enhanced autophagy caused by ONX-0914. In an orthotopic mouse model, TMZ plus ONX-0914 reduced tumor progression better than the control or TMZ alone. These data suggest that ONX-0914 is a novel therapeutic drug for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Han Chang
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114201, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health, Keelung 203301, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114201, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Min Chen
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114201, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Rui Lai
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114201, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chiuan Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Cheng
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-C.C.); (Y.C.); Tel.: +886-2-8792-3100 (ext. 18739) (Y.C.)
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-C.C.); (Y.C.); Tel.: +886-2-8792-3100 (ext. 18739) (Y.C.)
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3
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Sevastre AS, Costachi A, Tataranu LG, Brandusa C, Artene SA, Stovicek O, Alexandru O, Danoiu S, Sfredel V, Dricu A. Glioblastoma pharmacotherapy: A multifaceted perspective of conventional and emerging treatments (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1408. [PMID: 34676001 PMCID: PMC8524703 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its localisation, rapid onset, high relapse rate and resistance to most currently available treatment methods, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is considered to be the deadliest type of all gliomas. Although surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are among the therapeutic strategies used for the treatment of GBM, the survival rates achieved are not satisfactory, and there is an urgent need for novel effective therapeutic options. In addition to single-target therapy, multi-target therapies are currently under development. Furthermore, drugs are being optimised to improve their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. In the present review, the main strategies applied for GBM treatment in terms of the most recent therapeutic agents and approaches that are currently under pre-clinical and clinical testing were discussed. In addition, the most recently reported experimental data following the testing of novel therapies, including stem cell therapy, immunotherapy, gene therapy, genomic correction and precision medicine, were reviewed, and their advantages and drawbacks were also summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ani-Simona Sevastre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Alexandra Costachi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ligia Gabriela Tataranu
- Department of Neurosurgery, ‘Bagdasar-Arseni’ Emergency Clinical Hospital, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corina Brandusa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Stefan Alexandru Artene
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Olivian Stovicek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Nursing Targu Jiu, Titu Maiorescu University of Bucharest, 210106 Targu Jiu, Romania
| | - Oana Alexandru
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Suzana Danoiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Veronica Sfredel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Anica Dricu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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4
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Tsai HC, Wei KC, Chen PY, Huang CY, Chen KT, Lin YJ, Cheng HW, Chen YR, Wang HT. Valproic Acid Enhanced Temozolomide-Induced Anticancer Activity in Human Glioma Through the p53-PUMA Apoptosis Pathway. Front Oncol 2021; 11:722754. [PMID: 34660288 PMCID: PMC8518553 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.722754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most lethal type of brain tumor in adults, has considerable cellular heterogeneity. The standard adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent for GBM, temozolomide (TMZ), has a modest response rate due to the development of drug resistance. Multiple studies have shown that valproic acid (VPA) can enhance GBM tumor control and prolong survival when given in conjunction with TMZ. However, the beneficial effect is variable. In this study, we analyzed the impact of VPA on GBM patient survival and its possible correlation with TMZ treatment and p53 gene mutation. In addition, the molecular mechanisms of TMZ in combination with VPA were examined using both p53 wild-type and p53 mutant human GBM cell lines. Our analysis of clinical data indicates that the survival benefit of a combined TMZ and VPA treatment in GBM patients is dependent on their p53 gene status. In cellular experiments, our results show that VPA enhanced the antineoplastic effect of TMZ by enhancing p53 activation and promoting the expression of its downstream pro-apoptotic protein, PUMA. Our study indicates that GBM patients with wild-type p53 may benefit from a combined TMZ+VPA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Research Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Yuan Chen
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Yin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Research Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Ting Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Research Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Jui Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wei Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Rou Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Tsui Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Doctor Degree Program in Toxicology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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5
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Scuderi SA, Lanza M, Casili G, Esposito F, Colarossi C, Giuffrida D, Irene P, Cuzzocrea S, Esposito E, Campolo M. TBK1 Inhibitor Exerts Antiproliferative Effect on Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells. Oncol Res 2021; 28:779-790. [PMID: 33741083 PMCID: PMC8420908 DOI: 10.3727/096504021x16161478258040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma are common malignant brain tumors, among which glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has the worst prognosis. Different studies of GBM revealed that targeting nuclear factor B (NF-B) induced an attenuation tumor proliferation and prolonged cell survival. TBK1 {TANK [TRAF (TNF (tumor-necrosis-factor) receptor-associated factor)-associated NF-B activator]-binding kinase 1} is a serine/threonine protein kinase, and it is a member of the IB kinase (IKK) family involved in NF-B pathway activation. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effect of BX795, an inhibitor of TBK1, in an in vitro and ex vivo model of GBM. GBM cell lines (U87 and U138) and primary GBM cells were treated with different concentrations of BX795 at different time points (24, 48, and 72h) to evaluate cell viability, autophagy, inflammation, and apoptosis. Our results demonstrated that BX795 10 M was able to reduce cell viability, showing antiproliferative effect in U87, U138, and primary GBM cells. Moreover, treatment with BX795 10 M increased the proapoptotic proteins Bax, p53, caspase 3, and caspase 9, whereas the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 expression was reduced. Additionally, our results showed a marked decrease in autophagy following BX795 treatment, reducing Atg 7, Atg 5/12, and AKT expression. The anti-inflammatory effect of BX795 was demonstrated by a significantly reduction in NIK, IKK, and TNF- expression, accompanied by a downregulation of angiogenesis. Furthermore, in primary GBM cell, BX795 10 M was able to reduce TBK1 pathway activation and SOX3 expression. In conclusion, these findings showed that TBK1 is involved in GBM proliferation, demonstrating that the inhibitor BX795, thanks to its abilities, could improve therapeutic strategies for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Scuderi
- *Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Lanza
- *Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Casili
- *Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Paterniti Irene
- *Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- *Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- *Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Michela Campolo
- *Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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6
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Wu W, Klockow JL, Zhang M, Lafortune F, Chang E, Jin L, Wu Y, Daldrup-Link HE. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM): An overview of current therapies and mechanisms of resistance. Pharmacol Res 2021; 171:105780. [PMID: 34302977 PMCID: PMC8384724 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a WHO grade IV glioma and the most common malignant, primary brain tumor with a 5-year survival of 7.2%. Its highly infiltrative nature, genetic heterogeneity, and protection by the blood brain barrier (BBB) have posed great treatment challenges. The standard treatment for GBMs is surgical resection followed by chemoradiotherapy. The robust DNA repair and self-renewing capabilities of glioblastoma cells and glioma initiating cells (GICs), respectively, promote resistance against all current treatment modalities. Thus, durable GBM management will require the invention of innovative treatment strategies. In this review, we will describe biological and molecular targets for GBM therapy, the current status of pharmacologic therapy, prominent mechanisms of resistance, and new treatment approaches. To date, medical imaging is primarily used to determine the location, size and macroscopic morphology of GBM before, during, and after therapy. In the future, molecular and cellular imaging approaches will more dynamically monitor the expression of molecular targets and/or immune responses in the tumor, thereby enabling more immediate adaptation of tumor-tailored, targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jessica L Klockow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Famyrah Lafortune
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Edwin Chang
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Linchun Jin
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Bayern 81675, Germany
| | - Heike E Daldrup-Link
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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7
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Recent insight into the role of RING-finger E3 ligases in glioma. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:519-529. [PMID: 33544148 DOI: 10.1042/bst20201060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) serves as the major posttranslational modification system for the maintenance of protein homeostasis. The ubiquitin ligases (E3s) are responsible for the recognition and recruitment of specific substrate proteins for polyubiquitination. Really interesting new gene (RING) finger E3s account for the majority of E3s. The human genome encodes more than 600 RING E3s, which are divided into three subclasses: single polypeptide E3s, cullin-RING ligases (CRLs) and other multisubunit E3s. The abnormal regulation of RING E3s has been reported to disrupt normal biological processes and induce the occurrence of many human malignancies. Glioma is the most common type of malignant primary brain tumor. In the last few decades, patient prognosis has improved as novel targeted therapeutic agents have developed. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge about the dysregulation of RING E3s and the altered stability of their substrates in glioma. We will further introduce and discuss the current status and future perspectives of the application of small inhibitors and proteolysis-targeting chimeric molecules (PROTACs) interfering with RING E3s as potential anticancer agents for glioma.
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8
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Yang Y, Karsli-Uzunbas G, Poillet-Perez L, Sawant A, Hu ZS, Zhao Y, Moore D, Hu W, White E. Autophagy promotes mammalian survival by suppressing oxidative stress and p53. Genes Dev 2020; 34:688-700. [PMID: 32193353 PMCID: PMC7197357 DOI: 10.1101/gad.335570.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Here, Yang et al. sought to test whether p53 mediates the lethal consequences of autophagy deficiency using mice with conditionally deleted p53 and/or the essential autophagy gene Atg7 throughout adult mice. They show that Atg7 limits p53 activation and p53-mediated neurodegeneration, NRF2 mitigates lethal intestine degeneration upon autophagy loss, and their findings illustrate the tissue-specific roles for autophagy and functional dependencies on the p53 and NRF2 stress response mechanisms. Autophagy captures intracellular components and delivers them to lysosomes for degradation and recycling. Conditional autophagy deficiency in adult mice causes liver damage, shortens life span to 3 mo due to neurodegeneration, and is lethal upon fasting. As autophagy deficiency causes p53 induction and cell death in neurons, we sought to test whether p53 mediates the lethal consequences of autophagy deficiency. Here, we conditionally deleted Trp53 (p53 hereafter) and/or the essential autophagy gene Atg7 throughout adult mice. Compared with Atg7Δ/Δ mice, the life span of Atg7Δ/Δp53Δ/Δ mice was extended due to delayed neurodegeneration and resistance to death upon fasting. Atg7 also suppressed apoptosis induced by p53 activator Nutlin-3, suggesting that autophagy inhibited p53 activation. To test whether increased oxidative stress in Atg7Δ/Δ mice was responsible for p53 activation, Atg7 was deleted in the presence or absence of the master regulator of antioxidant defense nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Nrf2−/−Atg7Δ/Δ mice died rapidly due to small intestine damage, which was not rescued by p53 codeletion. Thus, Atg7 limits p53 activation and p53-mediated neurodegeneration. In turn, NRF2 mitigates lethal intestine degeneration upon autophagy loss. These findings illustrate the tissue-specific roles for autophagy and functional dependencies on the p53 and NRF2 stress response mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
| | | | - Laura Poillet-Perez
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
| | - Akshada Sawant
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
| | - Zhixian Sherrie Hu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
| | - Yuhan Zhao
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
| | - Dirk Moore
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Wenwei Hu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
| | - Eileen White
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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9
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Laezza C, Pagano C, Navarra G, Pastorino O, Proto MC, Fiore D, Piscopo C, Gazzerro P, Bifulco M. The Endocannabinoid System: A Target for Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030747. [PMID: 31979368 PMCID: PMC7037210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the endocannabinoid system has received great interest as a potential therapeutic target in numerous pathological conditions. Cannabinoids have shown an anticancer potential by modulating several pathways involved in cell growth, differentiation, migration, and angiogenesis. However, the therapeutic efficacy of cannabinoids is limited to the treatment of chemotherapy-induced symptoms or cancer pain, but their use as anticancer drugs in chemotherapeutic protocols requires further investigation. In this paper, we reviewed the role of cannabinoids in the modulation of signaling mechanisms implicated in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Laezza
- Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology, IEOS CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Cristina Pagano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.P.); (G.N.); (O.P.)
| | - Giovanna Navarra
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.P.); (G.N.); (O.P.)
| | - Olga Pastorino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.P.); (G.N.); (O.P.)
| | - Maria Chiara Proto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (M.C.P.); (D.F.); (C.P.)
| | - Donatella Fiore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (M.C.P.); (D.F.); (C.P.)
| | - Chiara Piscopo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (M.C.P.); (D.F.); (C.P.)
| | - Patrizia Gazzerro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (M.C.P.); (D.F.); (C.P.)
| | - Maurizio Bifulco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.P.); (G.N.); (O.P.)
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (M.B.)
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10
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Mutant-allele tumor heterogeneity in malignant glioma effectively predicts neoplastic recurrence. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:6108-6116. [PMID: 31788085 PMCID: PMC6865645 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) is one of the most important causes of therapy resistance, which eventually leads to the poor outcomes observed in patients with glioma. Mutant-allele tumor heterogeneity (MATH) values are based on whole-exon sequencing and precisely reflect genetic ITH. However, the significance of MATH values in predicting glioma recurrence remains unclear. Information of patients with glioma was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The present study calculated the MATH value for each patient, analyzed the distributions of MATH values in different subtypes and investigated the rates of clinical recurrence in patients with different MATH values. Gene enrichment and Cox regression analyses were performed to determine which factors influenced recurrence. A nomogram table was established to predict 1-, 2- and 5-year recurrence probabilities. MATH values were increased in patients with glioma with the wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) (IDH)1/2 (IDH-wt) gene (P=0.001) and glioblastoma (GBM; P=0.001). MATH values were negatively associated with the 2- and 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates in patients with glioma, particularly in the IDH1/2-wt and GBM cohorts (P=0.001 and P=0.017, respectively). Furthermore, glioma cases with different MATH levels had distinct patterns of gene mutation frequencies and gene expression enrichment. Finally, a nomogram table that contained MATH values could be used to accurately predict the probabilities of the 1-, 2- and 5-year RFS of patients with glioma. In conclusion, the MATH value of a patient may be an independent predictor that influences glioma recurrence. The nomogram model presented in the current study was an appropriate method to predict 1-, 2- and 5-year RFS probabilities in patients with glioma.
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