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He L, Zhong Z, Chen M, Liang Q, Wang Y, Tan W. Current Advances in Coptidis Rhizoma for Gastrointestinal and Other Cancers. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:775084. [PMID: 35046810 PMCID: PMC8762280 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.775084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a serious disease with an increasing number of reported cases and high mortality worldwide. Gastrointestinal cancer defines a group of cancers in the digestive system, e.g., liver cancer, colorectal cancer, and gastric cancer. Coptidis Rhizoma (C. Rhizoma; Huanglian, in Chinese) is a classical Chinese medicinal botanical drug for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders and has been shown to have a wide variety of pharmacological activity, including antifungal, antivirus, anticancer, antidiabetic, hypoglycemic, and cardioprotective effects. Recent studies on C. Rhizoma present significant progress on its anticancer effects and the corresponding mechanisms as well as its clinical applications. Herein, keywords related to C. Rhizoma, cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, and omics were searched in PubMed and the Web of Science databases, and more than three hundred recent publications were reviewed and discussed. C. Rhizoma extract along with its main components, berberine, palmatine, coptisine, magnoflorine, jatrorrhizine, epiberberine, oxyepiberberine, oxyberberine, dihydroberberine, columbamine, limonin, and derivatives, are reviewed. We describe novel and classic anticancer mechanisms from various perspectives of pharmacology, pharmaceutical chemistry, and pharmaceutics. Researchers have transformed the chemical structures and drug delivery systems of these components to obtain better efficacy and bioavailability of C. Rhizoma. Furthermore, C. Rhizoma in combination with other drugs and their clinical application are also summarized. Taken together, C. Rhizoma has broad prospects as a potential adjuvant candidate against cancers, making it reasonable to conduct additional preclinical studies and clinical trials in gastrointestinal cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luying He
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Zhangfeng Zhong, ; Yitao Wang, ; Wen Tan,
| | - Man Chen
- Oncology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qilian Liang
- Oncology Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Zhangfeng Zhong, ; Yitao Wang, ; Wen Tan,
| | - Wen Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhangfeng Zhong, ; Yitao Wang, ; Wen Tan,
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Kim SY, Park C, Kim MY, Ji SY, Hwangbo H, Lee H, Hong SH, Han MH, Jeong JW, Kim GY, Son CG, Cheong J, Choi YH. ROS-Mediated Anti-Tumor Effect of Coptidis Rhizoma against Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Hep3B Cells and Xenografts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4797. [PMID: 33946527 PMCID: PMC8124566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coptidis Rhizoma is the dried rhizome from the Coptis chinensis Franch. that has been shown to have a number of beneficial pharmacological properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. However, the anti-cancer effects of Coptidis Rhizoma on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer properties of Coptidis Rhizoma ethanol extract (CR) in HCC Hep3B cells and in a xenograft mouse model. Our results showed that the CR significantly inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in Hep3B cells through increased expression of Bcl-2 associated x-protein (Bax) and cleavage of poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), reduced expression of Bcl-2, and activated caspases. CR also increased the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which caused a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, ΔΨm) and activation of the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Moreover, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a ROS inhibitor, markedly blocked the effects of CR on apoptotic pathways. CR also induced the expression of light chain 3 (LC3)-I/II, a key autophagy regulator, whereas CR-mediated autophagy was significantly suppressed by NAC. In addition, pre-treatment with NAC perfectly attenuated the inhibition of cell invasion and migration of CR-stimulated Hep3B cells. Furthermore, oral administration of CR suppressed Hep3B tumor growth in xenograft mice without toxicity, alterations to body weight, or changes in hematological and biochemical profiles. Taken together, our findings suggest that CR has anti-tumor effects that result from ROS generation, and may be a potential pharmacological intervention for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Kim
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (M.Y.K.); (S.Y.J.); (H.H.); (H.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Korea;
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Cheol Park
- Division of Basic Sciences, College of Liberal Studies, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Korea;
| | - Min Yeong Kim
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (M.Y.K.); (S.Y.J.); (H.H.); (H.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Korea;
| | - Seon Yeong Ji
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (M.Y.K.); (S.Y.J.); (H.H.); (H.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Korea;
| | - Hyun Hwangbo
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (M.Y.K.); (S.Y.J.); (H.H.); (H.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Korea;
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hyesook Lee
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (M.Y.K.); (S.Y.J.); (H.H.); (H.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Korea;
| | - Su Hyun Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Korea;
| | - Min Ho Han
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea;
| | - Jin-Woo Jeong
- Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 17104, Korea;
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon University, 176 split 75 Daedeokdae-ro Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Korea;
| | - JaeHun Cheong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (M.Y.K.); (S.Y.J.); (H.H.); (H.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Korea;
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