1
|
Mancarella C, Morrione A, Scotlandi K. Extracellular Interactors of the IGF System: Impact on Cancer Hallmarks and Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5915. [PMID: 38892104 PMCID: PMC11172729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system determines the onset of various pathological conditions, including cancer. Accordingly, therapeutic strategies have been developed to block this system in tumor cells, but the results of clinical trials have been disappointing. After decades of research in the field, it is safe to say that one of the major reasons underlying the poor efficacy of anti-IGF-targeting agents is derived from an underestimation of the molecular complexity of this axis. Genetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional and functional interactors interfere with the activity of canonical components of this axis, supporting the need for combinatorial approaches to effectively block this system. In addition, cancer cells interface with a multiplicity of factors from the extracellular compartment, which strongly affect cell destiny. In this review, we will cover novel extracellular mechanisms contributing to IGF system dysregulation and the implications of such dangerous liaisons for cancer hallmarks and responses to known and new anti-IGF drugs. A deeper understanding of both the intracellular and extracellular microenvironments might provide new impetus to better decipher the complexity of the IGF axis in cancer and provide new clues for designing novel therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Mancarella
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Morrione
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Smith MM, Melrose J. Lumican, a Multifunctional Cell Instructive Biomarker Proteoglycan Has Novel Roles as a Marker of the Hypercoagulative State of Long Covid Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2825. [PMID: 38474072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study has reviewed the many roles of lumican as a biomarker of tissue pathology in health and disease. Lumican is a structure regulatory proteoglycan of collagen-rich tissues, with cell instructive properties through interactions with a number of cell surface receptors in tissue repair, thereby regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, inflammation and the innate and humoral immune systems to combat infection. The exponential increase in publications in the last decade dealing with lumican testify to its role as a pleiotropic biomarker regulatory protein. Recent findings show lumican has novel roles as a biomarker of the hypercoagulative state that occurs in SARS CoV-2 infections; thus, it may also prove useful in the delineation of the complex tissue changes that characterize COVID-19 disease. Lumican may be useful as a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker of long COVID disease and its sequelae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M Smith
- Raymond Purves Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Health and Science, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Arthropharm Pty Ltd., Bondi Junction, NSW 2022, Australia
| | - James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Health and Science, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tan Y, Zhou Y, Zhang W, Wu Z, Xu Q, Wu Q, Yang J, Lv T, Yan L, Luo H, Shi Y, Yang J. Repaglinide restrains HCC development and progression by targeting FOXO3/lumican/p53 axis. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024:10.1007/s13402-024-00919-9. [PMID: 38326640 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-024-00919-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The recent focus on the roles of N-linked glycoproteins in carcinogenesis across various malignancies has prompted our exploration of aberrantly expressed glycoproteins responsible for HCC progression and potential therapeutic strategy. METHODS Mass spectrometry was applied to initially identify abnormally expressed glycoproteins in HCC, which was further assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. The role of selected glycoprotein on HCC development and underlying mechanism was systematically investigated by colony formation, mouse xenograft, RNA-sequencing and western blot assays, etc. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase assays were performed to explore potential transcription factors (TFs) of selected glycoprotein. The regulation of repaglinide (RPG) on expression of lumican and downstream effectors was assessed by western blot and IHC, while its impact on malignant phenotypes of HCC was explored through in vitro and in vivo analyses, including a murine NASH-HCC model established using western diet and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). RESULTS Lumican exhibited upregulation in both serum and tumor tissue, with elevated expression associated with an inferior prognosis in HCC patients. Knockdown of lumican resulted in significantly reduced growth of HCC in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, lumican promoted HCC malignant phenotypes by inhibiting the p53/p21 signaling pathway. Forkhead Box O3 (FOXO3) was identified as the TF of lumican that transcriptionally enhanced its expression. Without silencing FOXO3, RPG blocked the binding of FOXO3 to the promoter region of lumican, thereby inhibiting the activation of lumican/p53/p21 axis. Mice treated with RPG developed fewer and smaller HCCs than those in the control group at 24 weeks after establishment. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that RPG prevented the development and progression of HCC via alteration of FOXO3/lumican/p53 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Tan
- Department of Liver Transplantation Center and Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Ultrasonography, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongjie Zhou
- Department of Liver Transplantation Center and Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenru Wu
- Laboratory of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Laboratory of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Liver Transplantation Center and Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Liver Transplantation Center and Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Lv
- Department of Liver Transplantation Center and Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lvnan Yan
- Department of Liver Transplantation Center and Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Ultrasonography, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yujun Shi
- Department of Liver Transplantation Center and Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Laboratory of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Jiayin Yang
- Department of Liver Transplantation Center and Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Laboratory of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guo Z, Li Z, Chen M, Qi X, Sun Z, Wu S, Hou X, Qiu M, Cao Y. Multi-omics analysis reveals the prognostic and tumor micro-environmental value of lumican in multiple cancer types. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1158747. [PMID: 37692065 PMCID: PMC10484533 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1158747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Lumican (LUM), a proteoglycan of the extracellular matrix, has been reported to be involved in the regulation of immune escape processes, but the data supporting this phenomenon are not sufficient. In this study, we aimed to explore the links among LUM expression, survival, tumor microenvironment (TME), and immunotherapy in 33 cancer types. Methods: Data from several databases, such as UCSC Xena, GTEx, UALCAN, HPA, GEPIA2, TISIDB, PrognoScan, TIMER2, and GEO, as well as published studies, were used to determine the relationship between LUM expression and clinical features, TME, heterogeneity, and tumor stemness. Results: The expression of LUM was statistically different in most tumors versus normal tissues, both at the RNA and protein expression levels. High expression of LUM was typically associated with a poor prognosis in tumors. Additionally, immune scores, six immune cells, four immunosuppressive cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs)-associated and immunosuppressive factors, tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), DNAss, and RNAss were all significantly associated with LUM. Among them, LUM expression displayed a significant positive correlation with CAFs and their factors, and exhibited immunosuppressive effects in six independent immunotherapy cohorts. Conclusion: Multi-omics analysis suggests that LUM may have been a prognostic marker, contributed to immunosuppression in the TME, and decreased the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zehuai Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zeyun Li
- Guangzhou Huaxia Vocational College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Shenzhen Hospital (Futian) of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangjun Qi
- The First Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- The First Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Wu
- The First Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuenan Hou
- The First Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengli Qiu
- The First Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Berdiaki A, Giatagana EM, Tzanakakis G, Nikitovic D. The Landscape of Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycan Impact on Cancer Pathogenesis with a Focus on Biglycan and Lumican. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3549. [PMID: 37509212 PMCID: PMC10377491 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer development is a multifactorial procedure that involves changes in the cell microenvironment and specific modulations in cell functions. A tumor microenvironment contains tumor cells, non-malignant cells, blood vessels, cells of the immune system, stromal cells, and the extracellular matrix (ECM). The small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) are a family of nineteen proteoglycans, which are ubiquitously expressed among mammalian tissues and especially abundant in the ECM. SLRPs are divided into five canonical classes (classes I-III, containing fourteen members) and non-canonical classes (classes IV-V, including five members) based on their amino-acid structural sequence, chromosomal organization, and functional properties. Variations in both the protein core structure and glycosylation status lead to SLRP-specific interactions with cell membrane receptors, cytokines, growth factors, and structural ECM molecules. SLRPs have been implicated in the regulation of cancer growth, motility, and invasion, as well as in cancer-associated inflammation and autophagy, highlighting their crucial role in the processes of carcinogenesis. Except for the class I SLRP decorin, to which an anti-tumorigenic role has been attributed, other SLPRs' roles have not been fully clarified. This review will focus on the functions of the class I and II SLRP members biglycan and lumican, which are correlated to various aspects of cancer development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Berdiaki
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eirini-Maria Giatagana
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Tzanakakis
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nulali J, Zhan M, Zhang K, Tu P, Liu Y, Song H. Osteoglycin: An ECM Factor Regulating Fibrosis and Tumorigenesis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1674. [PMID: 36421687 PMCID: PMC9687868 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is made up of noncellular components that have special properties for influencing cell behavior and tissue structure. Small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) are nonfibrillar ECM components that serve as structural scaffolds and signaling molecules. osteoglycin (OGN), a class III SLRP, is a ubiquitous ECM component that not only helps to organize the extracellular matrix but also regulates a number of important biological processes. As a glycosylated protein in the ECM, OGN was originally considered to be involved in fiber assembly and was reported to have a connection with fibrosis. In addition to these functions, OGN is found in a variety of cancer tissues and is implicated in cellular processes linked to tumorigenesis, including cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this review, we summarize the structure and functions of OGN as well as its biological and clinical importance in the context of fibrotic illness and tumorigenesis. This review aims to improve our understanding of OGN and provide some new strategies for the treatment of fibrosis and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayida Nulali
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ming Zhan
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Kaiwen Zhang
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Pinghui Tu
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Respiration, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200070, China
| | - Huaidong Song
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Biglycan Interacts with Type I Insulin-like Receptor (IGF-IR) Signaling Pathway to Regulate Osteosarcoma Cell Growth and Response to Chemotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051196. [PMID: 35267503 PMCID: PMC8909324 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive, primary bone cancer. OS cells produce altered osteoid whose components participate in signaling correlated to the development of this cancer. Biglycan (BGN), a proteoglycan, is correlated to aggressive OS type and resistance to chemotherapy. A constitutive signaling of insulin-like growth factor receptor I (IGF-IR) signaling in sarcoma progression was established. We showed that biglycan binds IGF-IR resulting in prolonged IGF-IR activation, nuclear translocation, and growth response of the poorly-differentiated MG63 cells correlated to increased aggressiveness markers expression and enhanced chemoresistance. This mechanism is not valid in moderately and well-differentiated, biglycan non-expressing U-2OS and Saos-2 OS cells. Abstract Osteosarcoma (OS) is a mesenchymally derived, aggressive bone cancer. OS cells produce an aberrant nonmineralized or partly mineralized extracellular matrix (ECM) whose components participate in signaling pathways connected to specific pathogenic phenotypes of this bone cancer. The expression of biglycan (BGN), a secreted small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP), is correlated to aggressive OS phenotype and resistance to chemotherapy. A constitutive signaling of IGF-IR signaling input in sarcoma progression has been established. Here, we show that biglycan activates the IGF-IR signaling pathway to promote MG63 biglycan-secreting OS cell growth by forming a complex with the receptor. Computational models of IGF-IR and biglycan docking suggest that biglycan binds IGF-IR dimer via its concave surface. Our binding free energy calculations indicate the formation of a stable complex. Biglycan binding results in prolonged IGF-IR activation leading to protracted IGF-IR-dependent cell growth response of the poorly-differentiated MG63 cells. Moreover, biglycan facilitates the internalization (p ≤ 0.01, p ≤ 0.001) and sumoylation-enhanced nuclear translocation of IGF-IR (p ≤ 0.05) and its DNA binding in MG63 cells (p ≤ 0.001). The tyrosine kinase activity of the receptor mediates this mechanism. Furthermore, biglycan downregulates the expression of the tumor-suppressor gene, PTEN (p ≤ 0.01), and increases the expression of endothelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and aggressiveness markers vimentin (p ≤ 0.01) and fibronectin (p ≤ 0.01) in MG63 cells. Interestingly, this mechanism is not valid in moderately and well-differentiated, biglycan non-expressing U-2OS and Saos-2 OS cells. Furthermore, biglycan exhibits protective effects against the chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin, in MG63 OS cells (p ≤ 0.01). In conclusion, these data indicate a potential direct and adjunct therapeutical role of biglycan in osteosarcoma.
Collapse
|
8
|
Dauvé J, Belloy N, Rivet R, Etique N, Nizet P, Pietraszek-Gremplewicz K, Karamanou K, Dauchez M, Ramont L, Brézillon S, Baud S. Differential MMP-14 Targeting by Lumican-Derived Peptides Unraveled by In Silico Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194930. [PMID: 34638415 PMCID: PMC8507859 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lumican, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) of the extracellular matrix (ECM), displays anti-tumor properties through its direct interaction with MMP-14. Lumican-derived peptides, such as lumcorin (17 amino acids) or L9M (10 amino acids), are able to inhibit the proteolytic activity of MMP-14 and melanoma progression. This work aimed to visualize the interactions of lumican-derived peptides and MMP-14. Molecular modeling was used to characterize the interactions between lumican-derived peptides, such as lumcorin, L9M, and cyclic L9M (L9Mc, 12 amino acids), and MMP-14. The interaction of L9Mc with MMP-14 was preferential with the MT-Loop domain while lumcorin interacted more with the catalytic site. Key residues in the MMP-14 amino acid sequence were highlighted for the interaction between the inhibitory SLRP-derived peptides and MMP-14. In order to validate the in silico data, MMP-14 activity and migration assays were performed using murine B16F1 and human HT-144 melanoma cells. In contrast to the HT-144 melanoma cell line, L9Mc significantly inhibited the migration of B16F1 cells and the activity of MMP-14 but with less efficacy than lumican and lumcorin. L9Mc significantly inhibited the proliferation of B16F1 but not of HT-144 cells in vitro and primary melanoma tumor growth in vivo. Thus, the site of interaction between the domains of MMP-14 and lumcorin or L9Mc were different, which might explain the differences in the inhibitory effect of MMP-14 activity. Altogether, the biological assays validated the prediction of the in silico study. Possible and feasible improvements include molecular dynamics results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Dauvé
- P3M, Multi-Scale Molecular Modeling Platform, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51097 Reims, France; (J.D.); (N.B.); (M.D.)
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51095 Reims, France; (R.R.); (N.E.); (P.N.); (K.K.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Nicolas Belloy
- P3M, Multi-Scale Molecular Modeling Platform, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51097 Reims, France; (J.D.); (N.B.); (M.D.)
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51095 Reims, France; (R.R.); (N.E.); (P.N.); (K.K.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Romain Rivet
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51095 Reims, France; (R.R.); (N.E.); (P.N.); (K.K.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Nicolas Etique
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51095 Reims, France; (R.R.); (N.E.); (P.N.); (K.K.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Pierre Nizet
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51095 Reims, France; (R.R.); (N.E.); (P.N.); (K.K.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
| | | | - Konstantina Karamanou
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51095 Reims, France; (R.R.); (N.E.); (P.N.); (K.K.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26110 Patras, Greece
| | - Manuel Dauchez
- P3M, Multi-Scale Molecular Modeling Platform, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51097 Reims, France; (J.D.); (N.B.); (M.D.)
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51095 Reims, France; (R.R.); (N.E.); (P.N.); (K.K.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Laurent Ramont
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51095 Reims, France; (R.R.); (N.E.); (P.N.); (K.K.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
- CHU Reims, Service Biochimie Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, 51092 Reims, France
| | - Stéphane Brézillon
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51095 Reims, France; (R.R.); (N.E.); (P.N.); (K.K.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Stéphanie Baud
- P3M, Multi-Scale Molecular Modeling Platform, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51097 Reims, France; (J.D.); (N.B.); (M.D.)
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51095 Reims, France; (R.R.); (N.E.); (P.N.); (K.K.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Giatagana EM, Berdiaki A, Tsatsakis A, Tzanakakis GN, Nikitovic D. Lumican in Carcinogenesis-Revisited. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091319. [PMID: 34572532 PMCID: PMC8466546 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is a multifactorial process with the input and interactions of environmental, genetic, and metabolic factors. During cancer development, a significant remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is evident. Proteoglycans (PGs), such as lumican, are glycosylated proteins that participate in the formation of the ECM and are established biological mediators. Notably, lumican is involved in cellular processes associated with tumorigeneses, such as EMT (epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition), cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, and adhesion. Furthermore, lumican is expressed in various cancer tissues and is reported to have a positive or negative correlation with tumor progression. This review focuses on significant advances achieved regardingthe role of lumican in the tumor biology. Here, the effects of lumican on cancer cell growth, invasion, motility, and metastasis are discussed, as well as the repercussions on autophagy and apoptosis. Finally, in light of the available data, novel roles for lumican as a cancer prognosis marker, chemoresistance regulator, and cancer therapy target are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eirini-Maria Giatagana
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (E.-M.G.); (A.B.); (G.N.T.)
| | - Aikaterini Berdiaki
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (E.-M.G.); (A.B.); (G.N.T.)
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - George N. Tzanakakis
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (E.-M.G.); (A.B.); (G.N.T.)
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (E.-M.G.); (A.B.); (G.N.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-281-039-4557
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kedem A, Ulanenko-Shenkar K, Yung Y, Youngster M, Avraham S, Yerushalmi GM, Hourvitz A. The Involvement of Lumican in Human Ovulatory Processes. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:366-373. [PMID: 34240328 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00650-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Based on a previous global transcriptome sequencing project, we hypothesized that Lumican (LUM) might play a role in ovulatory processes. We sought to determine LUM gene expression under various conditions in human preovulatory follicles. The in vitro expression of LUM mRNA in mural (MGCs) and cumulus (CGCs) granulosa cells was characterized using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Immunohistochemical staining was used to identify human LUM expression in follicles at different developmental stages. Cell signaling studies were performed by treating human MGCs with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and both, different stimulators and inhibitors to determine their effect on LUM expression by using qRT-PCR. Cell confluence studies were carried out to study the correlation between LUM expression and follicle cell proliferation. Follicular MGCs and CGCs of women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures due to endometriosis were analyzed for differences in LUM expression patterns by qRT-PCR. LUM mRNA expression was significantly higher in MGCs as compared to CGCs. In CGCs, LUM mRNA was higher in mature metaphase II (MII) oocytes than in germinal vesicle (GV) and metaphase I (MI) oocytes. LUM expression was significantly upregulated in response to hCG in cultured MGCs. Immunohistochemistry of human ovaries revealed LUM was mostly present in MGCs of large preovulatory and postovulatory follicles and absent from primordial follicles. Using pharmacological activators and inhibitors, we demonstrated that LUM induction by luteinizing hormone (LH)/hCG is carried through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) pathway. LUM expression was induced in high-density cell cultures in a confluence-dependent manner. MGCs from follicles of subjects with endometriosis exhibited reduced mRNA transcription levels compared to control subjects. Our study confirms that LUM is a newly discovered ovulatory gene. LUM might play an important role during the preovulatory period up until ovulation as well as in endometriosis infertility. A better understanding of LUM's role might provide potential new treatment paradigms for some types of female infertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Kedem
- Human Reproduction Lab and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel. .,IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel. .,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | - K Ulanenko-Shenkar
- Human Reproduction Lab and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Y Yung
- Human Reproduction Lab and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - M Youngster
- IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - S Avraham
- IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - G M Yerushalmi
- Human Reproduction Lab and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - A Hourvitz
- Human Reproduction Lab and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tzanakakis GN, Giatagana EM, Berdiaki A, Spyridaki I, Hida K, Neagu M, Tsatsakis AM, Nikitovic D. The Role of IGF/IGF-IR-Signaling and Extracellular Matrix Effectors in Bone Sarcoma Pathogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102478. [PMID: 34069554 PMCID: PMC8160938 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bone sarcomas are mesenchymal origin tumors. Bone sarcoma patients show a variable response or do not respond to chemotherapy. Notably, improving efficient chemotherapy approaches, dealing with chemoresistance, and preventing metastasis pose unmet challenges in sarcoma therapy. Insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF-1 and -2) and their respective receptors are a multifactorial system that significantly contributes to bone sarcoma pathogenesis. Most clinical trials aiming at the IGF pathway have had limited success. Developing combinatorial strategies to enhance antitumor responses and better classify the patients that could best benefit from IGF-axis targeting therapies is in order. A plausible approach for developing a combinatorial strategy is to focus on the tumor microenvironment (TME) and processes executed therein. Herewith, we will discuss how the interplay between IGF-signaling and the TME constituents affects bone sarcomas’ basal functions and their response to therapy. Potential direct and adjunct therapeutical implications of the extracellular matrix (ECM) effectors will also be summarized. Abstract Bone sarcomas, mesenchymal origin tumors, represent a substantial group of varying neoplasms of a distinct entity. Bone sarcoma patients show a limited response or do not respond to chemotherapy. Notably, developing efficient chemotherapy approaches, dealing with chemoresistance, and preventing metastasis pose unmet challenges in sarcoma therapy. Insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF-1 and -2) and their respective receptors are a multifactorial system that significantly contributes to bone sarcoma pathogenesis. Whereas failures have been registered in creating novel targeted therapeutics aiming at the IGF pathway, new agent development should continue, evaluating combinatorial strategies for enhancing antitumor responses and better classifying the patients that could best benefit from these therapies. A plausible approach for developing a combinatorial strategy is to focus on the tumor microenvironment (TME) and processes executed therein. Herewith, we will discuss how the interplay between IGF-signaling and the TME constituents affects sarcomas’ basal functions and their response to therapy. This review highlights key studies focusing on IGF signaling in bone sarcomas, specifically studies underscoring novel properties that make this system an attractive therapeutic target and identifies new relationships that may be exploited. Potential direct and adjunct therapeutical implications of the extracellular matrix (ECM) effectors will also be summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George N. Tzanakakis
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (G.N.T.); (E.-M.G.); (A.B.); (I.S.)
- Laboratory of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eirini-Maria Giatagana
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (G.N.T.); (E.-M.G.); (A.B.); (I.S.)
| | - Aikaterini Berdiaki
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (G.N.T.); (E.-M.G.); (A.B.); (I.S.)
| | - Ioanna Spyridaki
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (G.N.T.); (E.-M.G.); (A.B.); (I.S.)
| | - Kyoko Hida
- Department of Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan;
| | - Monica Neagu
- Department of Immunology, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Aristidis M. Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (G.N.T.); (E.-M.G.); (A.B.); (I.S.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Identification of key genes in benign prostatic hyperplasia using bioinformatics analysis. World J Urol 2021; 39:3509-3516. [PMID: 33564912 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-021-03625-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. METHODS Data of the gene expression microarray (GSE6099) were downloaded from GEO database. DEGs were obtained by GEO2R. Functional and enrichment analyses of selected genes were performed using DAVID database. Protein-protein interaction network was constructed through STRING. Anterior gradient 2 (ARG2) and lumican (LUM) staining in paraffin-embedded specimens from BPH and normal prostate (NP) were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Differences between groups were analyzed by the Student's t test. RESULTS A total of 24 epithelial DEGs and 39 stromal DEGs were determined. The GO analysis results showed that epithelial DEGs between BPH and NP were enriched in biological processes of glucose metabolic process, glucose homeostasis and negative regulation of Rho protein signal transduction. For DEGs in stroma, enriched biological processes included response to ischemia, antigen processing and presentation, cartilage development, T cell costimulation and energy reserve metabolic process. ARG2, as one of the epithelial DEGs, was mainly located in epithelial cells of prostate. In addition, LUM is primarily expressed in the stroma. We further confirmed that compared with NP, the BPH have the lower ARG2 protein level (p = 0.029) and higher LUM protein level (p = 0.003) using IHC. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that there are possible differentially expressed genes in epithelial and stromal cells, such as ARG2 and LUM, which may provide a novel insight for the pathogenesis of BPH.
Collapse
|
13
|
Proteoglycans in the Pathogenesis of Hormone-Dependent Cancers: Mediators and Effectors. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092401. [PMID: 32847060 PMCID: PMC7563227 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormone-dependent cancers exhibit high morbidity and mortality. In spite of advances in therapy, the treatment of hormone-dependent cancers remains an unmet health need. The tumor microenvironment (TME) exhibits unique characteristics that differ among various tumor types. It is composed of cancerous, non-cancerous, stromal, and immune cells that are surrounded and supported by components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, the interactions among cancer cells, stromal cells, and components of the ECM determine cancer progression and response to therapy. Proteoglycans (PGs), hybrid molecules consisting of a protein core to which sulfated glycosaminoglycan chains are bound, are significant components of the ECM that are implicated in all phases of tumorigenesis. These molecules, secreted by both the stroma and cancer cells, are crucial signaling mediators that modulate the vital cellular pathways implicated in gene expression, phenotypic versatility, and response to therapy in specific tumor types. A plethora of deregulated signaling pathways contributes to the growth, dissemination, and angiogenesis of hormone-dependent cancers. Specific inputs from the endocrine and immune systems are some of the characteristics of hormone-dependent cancer pathogenesis. Importantly, the mechanisms involved in various aspects of cancer progression are executed in the ECM niche of the TME, and the PG components crucially mediate these processes. Here, we comprehensively discuss the mechanisms through which PGs affect the multifaceted aspects of hormone-dependent cancer development and progression, including cancer metastasis, angiogenesis, immunobiology, autophagy, and response to therapy.
Collapse
|