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Qiu X, Zhu J, Sun Y, Fan K, Yang DR, Li G, Yang G, Chang C. TR4 nuclear receptor increases prostate cancer invasion via decreasing the miR-373-3p expression to alter TGFβR2/p-Smad3 signals. Oncotarget 2015; 6:15397-409. [PMID: 25980442 PMCID: PMC4558159 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Testicular nuclear receptor 4 (TR4), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, may play important roles to modulate the metabolic diseases and prostate tumorigenesis. Here we found TR4 could increase prostate cancer (PCa) cell invasion. Mechanism dissection revealed that TR4 might increase PCa cell invasion via decreasing the miR-373-3p expression that resulted in the activation of the TGFβR2/p-Smad3 signals. The in vivo mouse model using orthotopically xenografted CWR22Rv1 cell line transfected with luciferase-reporter confirmed in vitro cell line studies showing TR4 increased PCa metastasis via decreasing the miR-373-3p expression. Together, these data suggest that TR4 may increase PCa metastasis via a newly identified signal and targeting these TR4/miR-473-3p/TGFβR2/p-Smad3 signals using TR4 antagonist or TR4-siRNA or miR-373-3p may allow us to develop a new potential therapeutic approach to better suppress PCa metastasis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- MicroRNAs/biosynthesis
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Neoplasm Invasiveness/pathology
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II
- Receptors, Steroid/metabolism
- Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/metabolism
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Smad3 Protein/metabolism
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofu Qiu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jin Zhu
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yin Sun
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kun Fan
- Department of Urology, Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Dong-Rong Yang
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gonghui Li
- Chawnshang Chang Liver Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guosheng Yang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Chawnshang Chang
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University/Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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