1
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Computing microRNA-gene interaction networks in pan-cancer using miRDriver. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3717. [PMID: 35260634 PMCID: PMC8904490 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07628-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA copy number aberrated regions in cancer are known to harbor cancer driver genes and the short non-coding RNA molecules, i.e., microRNAs. In this study, we integrated the multi-omics datasets such as copy number aberration, DNA methylation, gene and microRNA expression to identify the signature microRNA-gene associations from frequently aberrated DNA regions across pan-cancer utilizing a LASSO-based regression approach. We studied 7294 patient samples associated with eighteen different cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and identified several cancer-specific and common microRNA-gene interactions enriched in experimentally validated microRNA-target interactions. We highlighted several oncogenic and tumor suppressor microRNAs that were cancer-specific and common in several cancer types. Our method substantially outperformed the five state-of-art methods in selecting significantly known microRNA-gene interactions in multiple cancer types. Several microRNAs and genes were found to be associated with tumor survival and progression. Selected target genes were found to be significantly enriched in cancer-related pathways, cancer hallmark and Gene Ontology (GO) terms. Furthermore, subtype-specific potential gene signatures were discovered in multiple cancer types.
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2
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Korfiati A, Grafanaki K, Kyriakopoulos GC, Skeparnias I, Georgiou S, Sakellaropoulos G, Stathopoulos C. Revisiting miRNA Association with Melanoma Recurrence and Metastasis from a Machine Learning Point of View. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1299. [PMID: 35163222 PMCID: PMC8836065 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnostic and prognostic value of miRNAs in cutaneous melanoma (CM) has been broadly studied and supported by advanced bioinformatics tools. From early studies using miRNA arrays with several limitations, to the recent NGS-derived miRNA expression profiles, an accurate diagnostic panel of a comprehensive pre-specified set of miRNAs that could aid timely identification of specific cancer stages is still elusive, mainly because of the heterogeneity of the approaches and the samples. Herein, we summarize the existing studies that report several miRNAs as important diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in CM. Using publicly available NGS data, we analyzed the correlation of specific miRNA expression profiles with the expression signatures of known gene targets. Combining network analytics with machine learning, we developed specific non-linear classification models that could successfully predict CM recurrence and metastasis, based on two newly identified miRNA signatures. Subsequent unbiased analyses and independent test sets (i.e., a dataset not used for training, as a validation cohort) using our prediction models resulted in 73.85% and 82.09% accuracy in predicting CM recurrence and metastasis, respectively. Overall, our approach combines detailed analysis of miRNA profiles with heuristic optimization and machine learning, which facilitates dimensionality reduction and optimization of the prediction models. Our approach provides an improved prediction strategy that could serve as an auxiliary tool towards precision treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aigli Korfiati
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (A.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Katerina Grafanaki
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | | | - Ilias Skeparnias
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Sophia Georgiou
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - George Sakellaropoulos
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (A.K.); (G.S.)
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3
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Du Y, Qi YS, Chen H, Shen G. The expression and clinical significance of miR-1226 in patients with periodontitis. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:487. [PMID: 34592963 PMCID: PMC8485457 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01855-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background miR-1226 has been reported to be dysregulated in periodontitis, implying its potential functional role, which needs to be validated. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical significance of miR-1226 in periodontitis. Methods Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected from 50 healthy volunteers and 72 periodontitis patients. The expression of miR-1226 in collected samples was detected by RT-qPCR. The concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines were analyzed by ELISA. The relationship of miR-1226 expression level with patients’ characteristics was evaluated by the χ2 test and the Pearson correlation test. Results It was found that miR-1226 was downregulated in the gingival crevicular fluid of periodontitis patients compared with healthy volunteers. The downregulation of miR-1226 was negatively correlated with the pocket depth, attachment loss, plaque index, bleeding index, and MMP-8 concentration of patients. miR-1226 showed high sensitivity and specificity to discriminate periodontitis patients from healthy volunteers. Additionally, periodontitis patients had a relatively high concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which is correlated with miR-1226 expression negatively. Conclusions miR-1226 could be an indicator for the diagnosis of periodontitis and has the potential to predict the development and severity of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Du
- Department of Stomatology, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated To Fudan University, 1508 Longhang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 200540, China
| | - Yue-Sun Qi
- Department of Stomatology, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated To Fudan University, 1508 Longhang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 200540, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated To Fudan University, 1508 Longhang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 200540, China
| | - Guorong Shen
- Department of Stomatology, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated To Fudan University, 1508 Longhang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 200540, China.
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4
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Splice and Dice: Intronic microRNAs, Splicing and Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091268. [PMID: 34572454 PMCID: PMC8465124 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introns span only a quarter of the human genome, yet they host around 60% of all known microRNAs. Emerging evidence indicates the adaptive advantage of microRNAs residing within introns is attributed to their complex co-regulation with transcription and alternative splicing of their host genes. Intronic microRNAs are often co-expressed with their host genes, thereby providing functional synergism or antagonism that is exploited or decoupled in cancer. Additionally, intronic microRNA biogenesis and the alternative splicing of host transcript are co-regulated and intertwined. The importance of intronic microRNAs is under-recognized in relation to the pathogenesis of cancer.
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5
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Li Y, Song D, An T, Liu J, Yang Q, Nan S. MicroRNA-1226-3p has a tumor-promoting role in osteosarcoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:474. [PMID: 33907584 PMCID: PMC8063373 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor that commonly occurs in young individuals. It accounts for 10% of solid tumors in those who are 15–19 years old. MicroRNA (miRNA/miR) dysregulation serves a crucial role in the molecular mechanism of osteosarcoma. The present study reported a novel miRNA (miR-1226-3p) and investigated its function in osteosarcoma. miR-1226-3p mimics and miR-1226-3p antisense oligonucleotides were transfected into human osteosarcoma SaOS-2 cells to alter miR-1226-3 expression, while the hFOB 1.19 cell line was used as the control. The apoptosis rate was analyzed using a dead cell apoptosis kit. TNF receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) protein expression was assayed by western blotting. The results of bioinformatics and clinical specimen analyses revealed that higher expression levels of miR-1226-3p were associated with lower survival rates. Additionally, the results of experiments on cultured cells revealed that miR-1226-3p promoted the proliferation of SaOS-2 cells, while miR-1226-3p inhibition decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. Furthermore, it was revealed that miR-1226-3p targeted TRAF3 in SaOS-2 cells. In conclusion, the present study suggested that miR-1226-3p promoted the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Sixth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Dai Song
- Community Health Service Center of South Railway Station, Chengdu, Sichuan 610042, P.R. China
| | - Ting An
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shaokui Nan
- Department of Orthopedics, Sixth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
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6
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Tang LB, Ma SX, Chen ZH, Huang QY, Wu LY, Wang Y, Zhao RC, Xiong LX. Exosomal microRNAs: Pleiotropic Impacts on Breast Cancer Metastasis and Their Clinical Perspectives. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10040307. [PMID: 33917233 PMCID: PMC8067993 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
As a major threat factor for female health, breast cancer (BC) has garnered a lot of attention for its malignancy and diverse molecules participating in its carcinogenesis process. Among these complex carcinogenesis processes, cell proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), and angiogenesis are the major causes for the occurrence of metastasis and chemoresistance which account for cancer malignancy. MicroRNAs packaged and secreted in exosomes are termed "exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs)". Nowadays, more researches have uncovered the roles of exosomal miRNAs played in BC metastasis. In this review, we recapitulated the dual actions of exosomal miRNAs exerted in the aggressiveness of BC by influencing migration, invasion, and distant metastasis. Next, we presented how exosomal miRNAs modify angiogenesis and stemness maintenance. Clinically, several exosomal miRNAs can govern the transformation between drug sensitivity and chemoresistance. Since the balance of the number and type of exosomal miRNAs is disturbed in pathological conditions, they are able to serve as instructive biomarkers for BC diagnosis and prognosis. More efforts are needed to connect the theoretical studies and clinical traits together. This review provides an outline of the pleiotropic impacts of exosomal miRNAs on BC metastasis and their clinical implications, paving the way for future personalized drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Bo Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (L.-B.T.); (Q.-Y.H.); (L.-Y.W.); (Y.W.); (R.-C.Z.)
- Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China;
| | - Shu-Xin Ma
- Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China;
| | - Zhuo-Hui Chen
- Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China;
| | - Qi-Yuan Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (L.-B.T.); (Q.-Y.H.); (L.-Y.W.); (Y.W.); (R.-C.Z.)
- Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China;
| | - Long-Yuan Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (L.-B.T.); (Q.-Y.H.); (L.-Y.W.); (Y.W.); (R.-C.Z.)
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (L.-B.T.); (Q.-Y.H.); (L.-Y.W.); (Y.W.); (R.-C.Z.)
| | - Rui-Chen Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (L.-B.T.); (Q.-Y.H.); (L.-Y.W.); (Y.W.); (R.-C.Z.)
- Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China;
| | - Li-Xia Xiong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (L.-B.T.); (Q.-Y.H.); (L.-Y.W.); (Y.W.); (R.-C.Z.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-791-8636-0556
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7
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Chhabra R, Rockfield S, Guergues J, Nadeau OW, Hill R, Stevens SM, Nanjundan M. Global miRNA/proteomic analyses identify miRNAs at 14q32 and 3p21, which contribute to features of chronic iron-exposed fallopian tube epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6270. [PMID: 33737539 PMCID: PMC7973504 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85342-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant transformation of fallopian tube secretory epithelial cells (FTSECs) is a key contributing event to the development of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC). Our recent findings implicate oncogenic transformative events in chronic iron-exposed FTSECs, including increased expression of oncogenic mediators, increased telomerase transcripts, and increased growth/migratory potential. Herein, we extend these studies by implementing an integrated transcriptomic and mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach to identify global miRNA and protein alterations, for which we also investigate a subset of these targets to iron-induced functional alterations. Proteomic analysis identified > 4500 proteins, of which 243 targets were differentially expressed. Sixty-five differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, of which 35 were associated with the “top” proteomic molecules (> fourfold change) identified by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Twenty of these 35 miRNAs are at the 14q32 locus (encoding a cluster of 54 miRNAs) with potential to be regulated by DNA methylation and histone deacetylation. At 14q32, miR-432-5p and miR-127-3p were ~ 100-fold downregulated whereas miR-138-5p was 16-fold downregulated at 3p21 in chronic iron-exposed FTSECs. Combinatorial treatment with methyltransferase and deacetylation inhibitors reversed expression of these miRNAs, suggesting chronic iron exposure alters miRNA expression via epigenetic alterations. In addition, PAX8, an important target in HGSOC and a potential miRNA target (from IPA) was epigenetically deregulated in iron-exposed FTSECs. However, both PAX8 and ALDH1A2 (another IPA-predicted target) were experimentally identified to be independently regulated by these miRNAs although TERT RNA was partially regulated by miR-138-5p. Interestingly, overexpression of miR-432-5p diminished cell numbers induced by long-term iron exposure in FTSECs. Collectively, our global profiling approaches uncovered patterns of miRNA and proteomic alterations that may be regulated by genome-wide epigenetic alterations and contribute to functional alterations induced by chronic iron exposure in FTSECs. This study may provide a platform to identify future biomarkers for early ovarian cancer detection and new targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravneet Chhabra
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Stephanie Rockfield
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jennifer Guergues
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 261 Mountain View Drive, Colchester, VT, 05446, USA
| | - Owen W Nadeau
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 261 Mountain View Drive, Colchester, VT, 05446, USA
| | - Robert Hill
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Stanley M Stevens
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 261 Mountain View Drive, Colchester, VT, 05446, USA
| | - Meera Nanjundan
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.
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8
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Wang C, Wang J, Cui W, Liu Y, Zhou H, Wang Y, Chen X, Chen X, Wang Z. Serum Exosomal miRNA-1226 as Potential Biomarker of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:1441-1451. [PMID: 33664577 PMCID: PMC7924134 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s296816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality and it is urgent to find biomarkers for early detection of PDAC. Exosomal miRNAs are useful biomarkers for cancer detection. The aims of this study were to investigate the potential role of serum exosomal miRNA in detection of PDAC and to analyze the correlation between the levels of exosome miRNA and the tumor biological behaviors. Materials and Methods Thirteen serum samples were collected from five patients with PDACs, three healthy individuals (HIs) and five benign pancreatic lesions (BP) for a high throughput profiling analysis to identify an altered miRNA expression patterns in PDAC. Candidate exosomal miRNAs were filtered based on a second independent cohort that included 17 PDACs and 12 benign pancreatic lesions by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Four miRNAs were selected for miRNA validation as PDAC biomarkers in a subsequent set of samples. The association between candidate exosomal miRNA and tumor behavior (tumor invasion or metastases) was evaluated in 17 PDACs. In vitro studies were performed to evaluate the role of candidate exosomal miRNA on cell viability, apoptosis and cell migration in two PDAC cell lines. Results The expression of 11 miRNAs showed same trend between PDAC and BP, and between PDAC and HIs. Six of them were upregulated (miR-203b-5p, miR-342-5p, miR-337-5p, miR-149-5p, miR-877-5p, miR-203a-3p), and five were downregulated (miR-1226-3p, miR-3182, miR-625-3p, miR-624-5p, miR-664a-5p). miR-1226-3p was selected as the candidate exosomal biomarker for the PDAC detection. The expression of serum exosomal miRNA-1226-3p was downregulated in PDACs compared to the BPs (p = 0.025). miR-1226-3p had acceptable performance in predicting [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.74] PDAC. Exosomal miRNA-1226-3p level in PDAC with invasion or metastases was lower than that without invasion or metastases (p = 0.028). Transfection of miRNA-1226-3p significantly inhibited the proliferation of PANC-1 and BXP-3 cells, stimulated cell apoptosis and inhibited cell migration. Conclusion Serum exosomal miRNA-1226-3p is a potential biomarker in diagnosing and predicting the tumor invasion or metastases of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Cui
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongkang Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongqiu Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
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9
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Dalton S, Smith K, Singh K, Kaiser H, Kolhe R, Mondal AK, Khayrullin A, Isales CM, Hamrick MW, Hill WD, Fulzele S. Accumulation of kynurenine elevates oxidative stress and alters microRNA profile in human bone marrow stromal cells. Exp Gerontol 2020; 130:110800. [PMID: 31790802 PMCID: PMC6998036 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Kynurenine, a metabolite of tryptophan breakdown, has been shown to increase with age, and plays a vital role in a number of age-related pathophysiological changes, including bone loss. Accumulation of kynurenine in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) has been associated with a decrease in cell proliferation and differentiation, though the exact mechanism by which kynurenine mediates these changes is poorly understood. MiRNAs have been shown to regulate BMSC function, and accumulation of kynurenine may alter the miRNA expression profile of BMSCs. The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in human BMSCs in response to treatment with kynurenine, and correlate miRNAs function in BMSCs biology through bioinformatics analysis. Human BMSCs were cultured and treated with and without kynurenine, and subsequent miRNA isolation was performed. MiRNA array was performed to identify differentially expressed miRNA. Microarray analysis identified 50 up-regulated, and 36 down-regulated miRNAs in kynurenine-treated BMSC cultures. Differentially expressed miRNA included miR-1281, miR-330-3p, let-7f-5p, and miR-493-5p, which are important for BMSC proliferation and differentiation. KEGG analysis found up-regulated miRNA targeting glutathione metabolism, a pathway critical for removing oxidative species. Our data support that the kynurenine dependent degenerative effect is partially due to changes in the miRNA profile of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherwood Dalton
- Department of Orthopedics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Kathryn Smith
- Department of Orthopedics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Kanwar Singh
- Department of Orthopedics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Helen Kaiser
- Department of Cell biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Ravindra Kolhe
- Departments of Pathology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America
| | - Ashis K Mondal
- Departments of Pathology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America
| | - Andrew Khayrullin
- Department of Cell biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Department of Orthopedics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America; Institute of Healthy Aging, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Mark W Hamrick
- Department of Orthopedics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America; Department of Cell biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America; Institute of Healthy Aging, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - William D Hill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, United States of America; Ralph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, 29403, United States of America
| | - Sadanand Fulzele
- Department of Orthopedics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America; Department of Cell biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America; Institute of Healthy Aging, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America.
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10
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Huang R, Meng T, Chen R, Yan P, Zhang J, Hu P, Zhu X, Yin H, Song D, Huang Z. The construction and analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cell and ceRNA networks in recurrent soft tissue sarcoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:10116-10143. [PMID: 31739284 PMCID: PMC6914407 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is one of the most challenging tumors for medical oncologists, with a high rate of recurrence after initial resection. In this study, a recurrent STS-specific competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network including seven recurrence and overall survival (OS)-associated genes (LPP-AS2, MUC1, GAB2, hsa-let-7i-5p, hsa-let-7f-5p, hsa-miR-101-3p and hsa-miR-1226-3p) was established based on the gene expression profiling of 259 primary sarcomas and 3 local recurrence samples from the TCGA database. The algorithm "cell type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts (CIBERSORT)" was applied to estimate the fraction of immune cells in sarcomas. Based on 5 recurrence and OS-associated immune cells (NK cells activated, dendritic cells resting, mast cells resting, mast cells activated and macrophages M1), we constructed a recurrent STS-specific immune cells network. Both nomograms were identified to have good reliabilities (Area Under Curve (AUC) of 5-year survival is 0.724 and 0.773, respectively). Then the co-expression analysis was performed to identify the potential regulation network among recurrent STS-specific immune cells and ceRNAs. Hsa-miR-1226-3p and MUC1 were significantly correlated and dendritic cells resting was related to hsa-miR-1226-3p. Additionally, the expression of MUC1 and dendritic cell marker CD11c were also verified by immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay and multidimensional databases. In conclusion, this study illustrated the potential mechanism of hsa-miR-1226-3p regulating MUC1 and dendritic cells resting might play an important role in STS recurrence. These findings might provide potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for recurrent STS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhi Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.,Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Tong Meng
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Penghui Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Huabin Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Dianwen Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Zongqiang Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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11
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Chen X, Tan W, Li W, Li W, Zhu S, Zhong J, Shang C, Chen Y. miR-1226-3p Promotes Sorafenib Sensitivity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Downregulation of DUSP4 Expression. J Cancer 2019; 10:2745-2753. [PMID: 31258782 PMCID: PMC6584923 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sorafenib appears to increase the survival rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, but its response rate is seriously limited due to drug resistance. Molecular mechanisms underlying sorafenib resistance are still unknown. Herein, we explored the possible role of miR-1226-3p in sorafenib resistance of HCC. Methods: The miR-1226-3p expression level in HCC cell lines was evaluated by qRT-PCR. Cell viabilities to sorafenib were measured by CCK-8 assay. Cell apoptosis and proliferation were detected by flow cytometry and EdU proliferation assay. A luciferase reporter of DUSP4 3'-UTR was used for validation as a target gene of miR-1226-3p. Finally, the effects of in vivo antitumor efficacy of miR-1226-3p combined with sorafenib were evaluated by HCC tumor xenografts in nude mice. Results: Bioinformatics analysis from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets GSE56059 suggested that miR-1226-3p expression was downregulated in HCC patients who showed progressive disease (PD) after sorafenib treatment. SK-HEP-1 cells expressed lower levels of miR-1226-3p than HepG2 cells. We confirmed that SK-HEP-1 cells were more resistant to sorafenib compared to HepG2 cells. In addition, miR-1226-3p mimic increased cell apoptosis of SK-HEP-1 cells, whereas miR-1226-3p inhibitor significantly impaired cell apoptosis of HepG2 cells after sorafenib treatment. Moreover, we validated that miR-1226-3p directly targeted dual specificity phosphatase 4 (DUSP4), and further demonstrated that knockdown of DUSP4 reduced sorafenib resistance by regulating the JNK-Bcl-2 axis. Conclusions: miR-1226-3p promotes sorafenib sensitivity of HCC through downregulation of DUSP4 expression, and targeting miR-1226-3p may be a novel therapeutic strategy for overcoming sorafenib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqing Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenliang Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenda Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sicong Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of SICU, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyi Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changzhen Shang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Zheng L, Guo Q, Xiang C, Liu S, Jiang Y, Gao L, Ni H, Wang T, Zhao Q, Liu H, Xing Y, Wang Y, Li X, Xi T. Transcriptional factor six2 promotes the competitive endogenous RNA network between CYP4Z1 and pseudogene CYP4Z2P responsible for maintaining the stemness of breast cancer cells. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:23. [PMID: 30832689 PMCID: PMC6399913 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0697-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The expression of CYP4Z1 and the pseudogene CYP4Z2P has been shown to be specifically increased in breast cancer by our group and others. Additionally, we previously revealed the roles of the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network mediated by these genes (ceRNET_CC) in breast cancer angiogenesis, apoptosis, and tamoxifen resistance. However, the roles of ceRNET_CC in regulating the stemness of breast cancer cells and the mechanisms through which ceRNET_CC is regulated remain unclear. Methods Transcriptional factor six2, CYP4Z1-3′UTR, and CYP4Z2P-3′UTR were stably overexpressed or knocked down in breast cancer cells via lentivirus infection. ChIP-sequencing and RNA-sequencing analysis were performed to reveal the mechanism through which ceRNET_CC is regulated and the transcriptome change mediated by ceRNET_CC. Clinical samples were used to validate the correlation between six2 and ceRNET_CC. Finally, the effects of the six2/ceRNET_CC axis on the stemness of breast cancer cells and chemotherapy sensitivity were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Results We revealed that ceRNET_CC promoted the stemness of breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, six2 activated ceRNET_CC by directly binding to their promoters, thus activating the downstream PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 pathways. Finally, we demonstrated that the six2/ceRNET_CC axis was involved in chemoresistance. Conclusions Our results uncover the mechanism through which ceRNET_CC is regulated, identify novel roles for the six2/ceRNET_CC axis in regulating the stemness of breast cancer cells, and propose the possibility of targeting the six2/ceRNET_CC axis to inhibit breast cancer stem cell (CSC) traits. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13045-019-0697-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufeng Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Chenxi Xiang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shijia Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuzhang Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huai An First People's Hospital, Huai An, 223300, China
| | - Lanlan Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Haiwei Ni
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qiong Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hai Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yingying Xing
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yaohui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaoman Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Tao Xi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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13
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Micó-Martínez P, García-Giménez JL, Seco-Cervera M, López-Roldán A, Almiñana-Pastor PJ, Alpiste-Illueca F, Pallardó FV. miR-1226 detection in GCF as potential biomarker of chronic periodontitis: A pilot study. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2018; 23:e308-e314. [PMID: 29680855 PMCID: PMC5945245 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.22329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The study and identification of new biomarkers for periodontal disease, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), may give us more information about the location and severity of the disease and will serve as a basis for treatment planning and disease-monitoring. miRNAs are a group of small RNAs which are involved in gene regulation by binding to their messenger RNA target (mRNA). In this pilot study, the procedure for purifying miRNAs from gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was, for the first time, described. In addition, the concentration of miRNAs in GCF was analyzed and compared between patients with moderate or severe chronic periodontitis (CP) and healthy controls. Material and Methods GCF samples were collected from single-rooted teeth of patients with moderate or severe CP (n=9) and of healthy individuals (n=9). miRNAs were isolated from GCF using miRNeasy Serum/Plasma kit (Qiagen, CA. USA). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the expression of a series of miRNAs candidates that are related to bone metabolism. The significance of differences in miRNA levels between both groups was determined using Mann-Whitney U test. Results The results from this pilot study indicate that miRNAs can be isolated from GCF. Six different miRNAs were analyzed (miR-671, miR-122, miR-1306, miR-27a, miR-223, miR-1226), but only miR-1226 showed statically significant differences between the CP group and healthy controls (p<0.05). This miRNA was downregulated in patients with CP. Conclusions Within the limitations of the present study, it may be concluded that miR-1226 can be a promising biomarker for periodontal disease, adding relevant information to common clinical parameters used for diagnosis and prognosis of periodontitis. Key words:Small interfering RNA, biomarkers, periodontal diseases, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Micó-Martínez
- Dept. of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, C/Gascó Oliag, 1, 46010 Valencia, Spain,
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14
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Complex Epigenetic Regulation of Chemotherapy Resistance and Biohlogy in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma via MicroRNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020499. [PMID: 29414899 PMCID: PMC5855721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Resistance towards chemotherapy is a major obstacle in the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We investigated the role of specific microRNAs in chemotherapy resistance and tumor biology. Methods: We selected three microRNAs from characteristic microRNA signatures of resistant ESCC (hsa-miR-125a-5p, hsa-miR-130a-3p, hsa-miR-1226-3p), and hsa-miR-148a-3p. Effects on chemotherapy, adhesion, migration, apoptosis and cell cycle were assessed in six ESCC cell lines. Target analyses were performed using Western blotting and luciferase techniques. Results: MiR-130a-3p sensitized cells towards cisplatin in 100% of cell lines, miR-148a-3p in 83%, miR-125a-5p in 67%, miR-1226-3p in 50% (p ≤ 0.04). MiR-130a-3p sensitized 83% of cell lines towards 5-FU, miR-148a-3p/miR-125a-5p/miR-1226-3p only 33% (p ≤ 0.015). Several resistance-relevant pathways seem to be targeted on various levels. Bcl-2 was confirmed as a direct target of miR-130a-3p and miR-148a-3p, and p53 as a target of miR-125a-5p. All microRNAs decreased migration and adhesion, except miR-130a-3p, and increased apoptosis. Simultaneous manipulation of two microRNAs exhibited additive sensitizing effects towards cisplatin in 50% (miR-125a-5p/miR-148a-3p), and 75% (miR-148a-3p/miR-130a-3p) of cell lines (p ≤ 0.006). Conclusion: Our data present strong evidence that specific microRNA signatures are responsible for drug resistance and aggressiveness of ESCC. Final functional readout of these complex processes appears to be more important than single microRNA-target interactions.
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15
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Aure MR, Vitelli V, Jernström S, Kumar S, Krohn M, Due EU, Haukaas TH, Leivonen SK, Vollan HKM, Lüders T, Rødland E, Vaske CJ, Zhao W, Møller EK, Nord S, Giskeødegård GF, Bathen TF, Caldas C, Tramm T, Alsner J, Overgaard J, Geisler J, Bukholm IRK, Naume B, Schlichting E, Sauer T, Mills GB, Kåresen R, Mælandsmo GM, Lingjærde OC, Frigessi A, Kristensen VN, Børresen-Dale AL, Sahlberg KK. Integrative clustering reveals a novel split in the luminal A subtype of breast cancer with impact on outcome. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:44. [PMID: 28356166 PMCID: PMC5372339 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0812-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease at the clinical and molecular level. In this study we integrate classifications extracted from five different molecular levels in order to identify integrated subtypes. METHODS Tumor tissue from 425 patients with primary breast cancer from the Oslo2 study was cut and blended, and divided into fractions for DNA, RNA and protein isolation and metabolomics, allowing the acquisition of representative and comparable molecular data. Patients were stratified into groups based on their tumor characteristics from five different molecular levels, using various clustering methods. Finally, all previously identified and newly determined subgroups were combined in a multilevel classification using a "cluster-of-clusters" approach with consensus clustering. RESULTS Based on DNA copy number data, tumors were categorized into three groups according to the complex arm aberration index. mRNA expression profiles divided tumors into five molecular subgroups according to PAM50 subtyping, and clustering based on microRNA expression revealed four subgroups. Reverse-phase protein array data divided tumors into five subgroups. Hierarchical clustering of tumor metabolic profiles revealed three clusters. Combining DNA copy number and mRNA expression classified tumors into seven clusters based on pathway activity levels, and tumors were classified into ten subtypes using integrative clustering. The final consensus clustering that incorporated all aforementioned subtypes revealed six major groups. Five corresponded well with the mRNA subtypes, while a sixth group resulted from a split of the luminal A subtype; these tumors belonged to distinct microRNA clusters. Gain-of-function studies using MCF-7 cells showed that microRNAs differentially expressed between the luminal A clusters were important for cancer cell survival. These microRNAs were used to validate the split in luminal A tumors in four independent breast cancer cohorts. In two cohorts the microRNAs divided tumors into subgroups with significantly different outcomes, and in another a trend was observed. CONCLUSIONS The six integrated subtypes identified confirm the heterogeneity of breast cancer and show that finer subdivisions of subtypes are evident. Increasing knowledge of the heterogeneity of the luminal A subtype may add pivotal information to guide therapeutic choices, evidently bringing us closer to improved treatment for this largest subgroup of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Ragle Aure
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Valeria Vitelli
- Oslo Center for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sandra Jernström
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Surendra Kumar
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Marit Krohn
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eldri U. Due
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tonje Husby Haukaas
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Suvi-Katri Leivonen
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hans Kristian Moen Vollan
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torben Lüders
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Einar Rødland
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Elen K. Møller
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Silje Nord
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guro F. Giskeødegård
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tone Frost Bathen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cambridge University Hospitals Trust, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Trine Tramm
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan Alsner
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Overgaard
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jürgen Geisler
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida R. K. Bukholm
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Bjørn Naume
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ellen Schlichting
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torill Sauer
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Gordon B. Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Rolf Kåresen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunhild M. Mælandsmo
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Christian Lingjærde
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arnoldo Frigessi
- Oslo Center for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Center for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vessela N. Kristensen
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine K. Sahlberg
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
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16
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Kędzierska H, Popławski P, Hoser G, Rybicka B, Rodzik K, Sokół E, Bogusławska J, Tański Z, Fogtman A, Koblowska M, Piekiełko-Witkowska A. Decreased Expression of SRSF2 Splicing Factor Inhibits Apoptotic Pathways in Renal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101598. [PMID: 27690003 PMCID: PMC5085631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine and arginine rich splicing factor 2(SRSF2) belongs to the serine/arginine (SR)-rich family of proteins that regulate alternative splicing. Previous studies suggested that SRSF2 can contribute to carcinogenic processes. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of kidney cancer, highly aggressive and difficult to treat, mainly due to resistance to apoptosis. In this study we hypothesized that SRSF2 contributes to the regulation of apoptosis in ccRCC. Using tissue samples obtained from ccRCC patients, as well as independent validation on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data, we demonstrate for the first time that expression of SRSF2 is decreased in ccRCC tumours when compared to non-tumorous control tissues. Furthermore, by employing a panel of ccRCC-derived cell lines with silenced SRSF2 expression and qPCR arrays we show that SRSF2 contributes not only to splicing patterns but also to expression of multiple apoptotic genes, including new SRSF2 targets: DIABLO, BIRC5/survivin, TRAIL, BIM, MCL1, TNFRSF9, TNFRSF1B, CRADD, BCL2L2, BCL2A1, and TP53. We also identified a new splice variant of CFLAR, an inhibitor of caspase activity. These changes culminate in diminished caspase-9 activity and inhibition of apoptosis. In summary, we show for the first time that decreased expression of SRSF2 in ccRCC contributes to protection of cancer cells viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Kędzierska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Piotr Popławski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Grażyna Hoser
- Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Beata Rybicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Rodzik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Sokół
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Bogusławska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Zbigniew Tański
- Department of Urology, Regional Hospital, 07-410 Ostrołęka, Poland.
| | - Anna Fogtman
- Laboratory for Microarray Analysis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Koblowska
- Laboratory for Microarray Analysis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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17
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Huo L, Wang Y, Gong Y, Krishnamurthy S, Wang J, Diao L, Liu CG, Liu X, Lin F, Symmans WF, Wei W, Zhang X, Sun L, Alvarez RH, Ueno NT, Fouad TM, Harano K, Debeb BG, Wu Y, Reuben J, Cristofanilli M, Zuo Z. MicroRNA expression profiling identifies decreased expression of miR-205 in inflammatory breast cancer. Mod Pathol 2016; 29:330-46. [PMID: 26916073 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory breast cancer is the most aggressive form of breast cancer. Identifying new biomarkers to be used as therapeutic targets is in urgent need. Messenger RNA expression profiling studies have indicated that inflammatory breast cancer is a transcriptionally heterogeneous disease, and specific molecular targets for inflammatory breast cancer have not been well established. We performed microRNA expression profiling in inflammatory breast cancer in comparison with locally advanced noninflammatory breast cancer in this study. Although many microRNAs were differentially expressed between normal breast tissue and tumor tissue, most of them did not show differential expression between inflammatory and noninflammatory tumor samples. However, by microarray analysis, quantitative reverse transcription PCR, and in situ hybridization, we showed that microRNA-205 expression was decreased not only in tumor compared with normal breast tissue, but also in inflammatory breast cancer compared with noninflammatory breast cancer. Lower expression of microRNA-205 correlated with worse distant metastasis-free survival and overall survival in our cohort. A small-scale immunohistochemistry analysis showed coexistence of decreased microRNA-205 expression and decreased E-cadherin expression in some ductal tumors. MicroRNA-205 may serve as a therapeutic target in advanced breast cancer including inflammatory breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yun Gong
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Savitri Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lixia Diao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chang-Gong Liu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiuping Liu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William F Symmans
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xinna Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ricardo H Alvarez
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naoto T Ueno
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tamer M Fouad
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kenichi Harano
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bisrat G Debeb
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James Reuben
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Zhuang Zuo
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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18
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Butkytė S, Čiupas L, Jakubauskienė E, Vilys L, Mocevicius P, Kanopka A, Vilkaitis G. Splicing-dependent expression of microRNAs of mirtron origin in human digestive and excretory system cancer cells. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:33. [PMID: 27019673 PMCID: PMC4807562 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0200-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An abundant class of intronic microRNAs (miRNAs) undergoes atypical Drosha-independent biogenesis in which the spliceosome governs the excision of hairpin miRNA precursors, called mirtrons. Although nearly 500 splicing-dependent miRNA candidates have been recently predicted via bioinformatic analysis of human RNA-Seq datasets, only a few of them have been experimentally validated. The detailed mechanism of miRNA processing by the splicing machinery and the roles of mirtronic miRNAs in cancer are yet to be uncovered. Methods We experimentally examined whether biogenesis of certain miRNAs is under a splicing control by analyzing their expression levels in response to alterations in the 5′- and 3′-splice sites of a series of intron-containing minigenes carrying appropriate miRNAs. The expression levels of the miRNAs processed from mirtrons were determined by quantitative real-time PCR in five digestive tract (pancreas PANC-1, SU.86.86, T3M4, stomach KATOIII, colon HCT116) and two excretory system (kidney CaKi-1, 786-O) carcinoma cell lines as well as in pancreatic, stomach, and colorectal tumors. Transiently expressed SRSF1 and SRSF2 splicing factors were quantified by western blotting in the nuclear fractions of HCT116 cells. Results We found that biogenesis of the human hsa-miR-1227-3p, hsa-miR-1229-3p, and hsa-miR-1236-3p is splicing-dependent; therefore, these miRNAs can be assigned to the class of miRNAs processed by a non-canonical mirtron pathway. The expression analysis revealed a differential regulation of human mirtronic miRNAs in various cancer cell lines and tumors. In particular, hsa-miR-1229-3p is selectively upregulated in the pancreatic and stomach cancer cell lines derived from metastatic sites. Compared with the healthy controls, the expression of hsa-miR-1226-3p was significantly higher in stomach tumors but extensively downregulated in colorectal tumors. Furthermore, we provided evidence that overexpression of SRSF1 or SRSF2 can upregulate the processing of individual mirtronic miRNAs in HCT116 cells. Conclusions An interplay of different splicing factors, such as SRSF1 or SRSF2, may alter the levels of miRNAs of mirtron origin in a cell. Our findings underline the specific expression profiles of mirtronic miRNAs in colorectal, stomach, and pancreatic cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-016-0200-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stasė Butkytė
- Department of Biological DNA Modification, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Laurynas Čiupas
- Department of Biological DNA Modification, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Eglė Jakubauskienė
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Laurynas Vilys
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Paulius Mocevicius
- Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Arvydas Kanopka
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Giedrius Vilkaitis
- Department of Biological DNA Modification, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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19
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David JM, Hamilton DH, Palena C. MUC1 upregulation promotes immune resistance in tumor cells undergoing brachyury-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1117738. [PMID: 27141403 PMCID: PMC4839328 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1117738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a molecular and cellular program in which epithelial cells lose their well-differentiated phenotype and adopt mesenchymal characteristics. This process, which occurs naturally during embryogenesis, has also been shown to be associated with cancer progression and with tumor recurrence following conventional therapies. Brachyury is a transcription factor that mediates EMT during development, and is aberrantly expressed in various human cancers where it promotes tumor cell EMT, metastatic dissemination, and resistance to conventional therapies. We have recently shown that very high expression of brachyury can protect tumor cells against immune cell-mediated cytotoxicity. In seeking to elucidate mechanisms of immunotherapy resistance, we have discovered a novel positive association between brachyury and mucin-1 (MUC1). MUC1 is overexpressed in the majority of carcinomas, and it has been shown to mediate oncogenic signaling and confer resistance to genotoxic agents. We found that MUC1 is concomitantly upregulated in tumor cell lines that highly express brachyury due to an enhancement of MUC1 mRNA stability. Analysis of patient lung tumor tissues also identified a positive association between these two proteins in the majority of samples. Inhibition of MUC1 by siRNA-based gene silencing markedly enhanced the susceptibility of brachyury-expressing cancer cells to killing by tumor necrosis-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and to perforin/granzyme-dependent lysis by immune cytotoxic cells. These studies confirm a protective role for MUC1 in brachyury-expressing cancer cells, and suggest that inhibition of MUC1 can restore the susceptibility of mesenchymal-like cancer cells to immune attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M David
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Duane H Hamilton
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Claudia Palena
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
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20
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an important class of small non-coding RNAs that direct post-transcriptional gene regulation by different mechanisms. Mounting evidences from numerous studies in the last decade have unraveled that deregulated miRNAs, and their cognate target expressions are strongly implicated in the carcinogenesis. Recent advances have highlighted miRNA-mediated regulation of mucins that have critical role in inflammation and cancer biology. The aberrant expression and differential glycosylation of mucins cause tumorigenesis, metastasis, chemoresistance and poor outcome of cancer patients, thus recognizing them as attractive therapeutic targets. Though current mucin-based therapies (antibodies, vaccines, immunotherapy, peptide inhibitors) have shown preclinical utility but only a handful promise for clinical transferability. In this context, understanding miRNA-mediated modulation of multiple mucin(s) expression and function gives a new hope for future anti-tumor therapeutics. Herein, we reviewed miRNA biogenesis, mechanism of action, and their role in tumor development. Further, we provide an overview of miRNA-mediated mucin regulation and their application as anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Ram Krishn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA. Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Sukhwinder Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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21
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Differential expression profiling of microRNAs in para-carcinoma, carcinoma and relapse human pancreatic cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2014; 17:398-408. [PMID: 25387567 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-014-1249-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the altered different expression of miRNAs and the mechanisms underlying the relapse and metastasis of pancreatic cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The most differentially expressed miRNAs were analyzed by gene ontology (GO) term analysis, Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and protein interaction analysis. The potentially regulated target genes of the most differentially expressed miRNAs were also analyzed further by GO term analysis and KEGG pathway analysis, and quantitated by qRT-PCR. RESULTS In total, we found 12 miRNAs displayed at least a 30-fold increase or decrease in expression of carcinoma and relapse vs. para-carcinoma human pancreatic cancer (C/R vs. P). In addition, our study found that pancreatic cancer was related to pathways in cancer, including Jak-STAT signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway and PPAR signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS The differential expressed miRNAs and their predicted target genes that involved in Jak-STAT signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway and PPAR signaling pathway indicating their potential roles in pancreatic carcinogenesis and progress.
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22
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Xu X, Wells A, Padilla MT, Kato K, Kim KC, Lin Y. A signaling pathway consisting of miR-551b, catalase and MUC1 contributes to acquired apoptosis resistance and chemoresistance. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:2457-66. [PMID: 25085901 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquired chemoresistance is a major challenge in cancer therapy. While the oncoprotein Mucin-1 (MUC1) performs multiple roles in the development of diverse human tumors, whether MUC1 is involved in acquired chemoresistance has not been determined. Using an acquired chemoresistance lung cancer cell model, we show that MUC1 expression was substantially increased in cells with acquired apoptosis resistance (AR). Knockdown of MUC1 expression effectively increased the sensitivity of these cells to the apoptotic cytotoxicity of anticancer therapeutics, suggesting that MUC1 contributes to acquired chemoresistance. Decreased catalase expression and increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation were found to be associated with MUC1 overexpression. Scavenging ROS with butylated hydroxyanisole or supplying exogenous catalase dramatically suppressed MUC1 expression through destabilizing MUC1 protein, suggesting that reduced catalase expression mediated ROS accumulation is accounted for MUC1 overexpression. Further, we found that increased miR-551b expression in the AR cells inhibited the expression of catalase and potentiated ROS accumulation and MUC1 expression. Finally, by manipulating MUC1 expression, we found that MUC1 promotes EGFR-mediated activation of the cell survival cascade involving Akt/c-FLIP/COX-2 in order to protect cancer cells from responding to anticancer agents. Thus, our results establish a pathway consisting of miR-551b/catalase/ROS that results in MUC1 overexpression, and intervention against this pathway could be exploited to overcome acquired chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Xu
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA and Department of Physiology & Lung Center, Temple University School of Medicine, 3420 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Alexandria Wells
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA and Department of Physiology & Lung Center, Temple University School of Medicine, 3420 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Mabel T Padilla
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA and Department of Physiology & Lung Center, Temple University School of Medicine, 3420 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Kosuke Kato
- Department of Physiology & Lung Center, Temple University School of Medicine, 3420 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Kwang Chul Kim
- Department of Physiology & Lung Center, Temple University School of Medicine, 3420 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Yong Lin
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA and Department of Physiology & Lung Center, Temple University School of Medicine, 3420 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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23
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Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are a subtype of short, endogenous, and non-coding RNAs, which post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. The miRNA-mediated gene silencing mechanism is involved in a wide spectrum of biological processes, such as cellular proliferation, differentiation, and immune responses. Picornaviridae is a large family of RNA viruses, which includes a number of causative agents of many human and animal diseases viz., poliovirus, foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), and coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3). Accumulated evidences have demonstrated that replication of picornaviruses can be regulated by miRNAs and picornaviral infections can alter the expression of cellular miRNAs. Herein, we outline the intricate interactions between miRNAs and picornaviral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouse Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zeqian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouse Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Li Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouse Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yongguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouse Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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24
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Martinez-Anton A, Sokolowska M, Kern S, Davis AS, Alsaaty S, Taubenberger JK, Sun J, Cai R, Danner RL, Eberlein M, Logun C, Shelhamer JH. Changes in microRNA and mRNA expression with differentiation of human bronchial epithelial cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013; 49:384-95. [PMID: 23590309 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0368oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the changes in expression of microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) and mRNA in normal human bronchial epithelial cells as they differentiate from an undifferentiated monolayer to a differentiated pseudostratified epithelium after 28 days of air-liquid interface (ALI) culture. After 28 days in ALI, the epithelial cells differentially expressed basal, ciliated, and goblet cell markers. Using Affymetrix microarrays, 20 human miRNAs were found to be up-regulated, whereas 35 miRNAs were found to be down-regulated in differentiated cells compared with undifferentiated cells. An analysis of changes in global mRNA expression revealed that 1,201 probe sets demonstrated an 8-fold change (FC) or greater at Day 28 of ALI culture. Of these, 816 were up-regulated and 385 were down-regulated. With differentiation, miR-449a increased (FC, 38.15), and was related to changes in mRNA for cell division cycle 25 homolog A (FC, 0.11). MiR-455 decreased (FC, 0.12) and was related to changes in mRNA for the epithelial cell marker, mucin 1 (FC, 136). Transfection with anti-miR-449 or miR-455-3p resulted in changes in target protein expression (cell division cycle 25 homolog A and mucin 1, respectively), whereas transfection with reporter genes with 3'-untranslated regions of these targets confirmed control of expression through that structure. Therefore, changes in specific miRNAs during human airway epithelial cell differentiation control gene and protein expression important for differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuncion Martinez-Anton
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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25
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Schamberger A, Sarkadi B, Orban TI. Human mirtrons can express functional microRNAs simultaneously from both arms in a flanking exon-independent manner. RNA Biol 2012; 9:1177-85. [PMID: 23018783 DOI: 10.4161/rna.21359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mirtrons are short intronic microRNA (miRNA) precursors representing an alternative, Drosha/DGCR8-independent miRNA biogenesis pathway. In this study we characterized three predicted human mirtrons. Their expression was proven to be context-independent, since functional mirtrons could be derived either from their endogenous or from a heterologous coding environment. Systematic testing revealed that both 5'- and 3'-arms of mir-877 are capable of producing functional miRNA simultaneously in the various cell types examined. On the other hand, experimental validations revealed that the predicted mir-1233 is not a bona fide mirtron. For functional mirtrons, we were able to detect mature mirtron-derived miRNAs for the first time by qRT-PCR or northern blot analysis, when silencing activity was proven by functional assays. Our results emphasize the need for functional testing of both arms of miRNAs and the importance of experimentally validating human mirtrons since, in spite of being localized in a short intron, predicted species could mature via other miRNA processing pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Schamberger
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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26
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Kufe DW. MUC1-C oncoprotein as a target in breast cancer: activation of signaling pathways and therapeutic approaches. Oncogene 2012; 32:1073-81. [PMID: 22580612 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a heterodimeric protein formed by two subunits that is aberrantly overexpressed in human breast cancer and other cancers. Historically, much of the early work on MUC1 focused on the shed mucin subunit. However, more recent studies have been directed at the transmembrane MUC1-C-terminal subunit (MUC1-C) that functions as an oncoprotein. MUC1-C interacts with EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor), ErbB2 and other receptor tyrosine kinases at the cell membrane and contributes to activation of the PI3KAKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways. MUC1-C also localizes to the nucleus where it activates the Wnt/β-catenin, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) and NF (nuclear factor)-κB RelA pathways. These findings and the demonstration that MUC1-C is a druggable target have provided the experimental basis for designing agents that block MUC1-C function. Notably, inhibitors of the MUC1-C subunit have been developed that directly block its oncogenic function and induce death of breast cancer cells in vitro and in xenograft models. On the basis of these findings, a first-in-class MUC1-C inhibitor has entered phase I evaluation as a potential agent for the treatment of patients with breast cancers who express this oncoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Kufe
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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27
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Albrecht H, Carraway KL. MUC1 and MUC4: switching the emphasis from large to small. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2012; 26:261-71. [PMID: 21728842 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2011.1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The MUC1 and MUC4 membrane mucins are each composed of a large alpha (α) and a small beta (β) subunit. The α subunits are fully exposed at the cell surface and contain variable numbers of repeated amino acid sequences that are heavily glycosylated. In contrast, the β subunits are much smaller and are anchored within the cell membrane, with their amino-terminal portions exposed at the cell surface and their carboxy-terminal tails facing the cytosol. Studies over the last several years are challenging the long-held belief that α subunits play the predominant role in cancer by conferring cellular properties that allow tumor cells to evade immune recognition and destruction. Indeed, the β subunits of MUC1 and MUC4 have emerged as oncogenes, as they engage signaling pathways responsible for tumor initiation and progression. Thus, a switch in the emphasis from the large α to the small β subunits offers attractive possibilities for successful clinical application. Such a focus shift is further supported by the absence of allelic polymorphism and variable glycosylation in the β subunit as well as by the presence of the β subunit in most MUC1 and MUC4 isoforms expressed by tumors. MUC1α, also known as CA15.3, is a Food and Drug Administration-approved serum biomarker for breast cancer, but its use is no longer recommended by the American Society of Clinical Oncology. However, comparison of β subunit expression in normal and malignant breast tissues may offer a novel approach to the exploitation of membrane mucins as biomarkers, as MUC1β-induced gene signatures with prognostic and predictive values in breast cancer have been reported. Preclinical studies with peptides that interfere with MUC1β oncogenic functions also look promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huguette Albrecht
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis Cancer Center, Sacramento, California 95817, USA.
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28
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Rajabi H, Joshi MD, Jin C, Ahmad R, Kufe D. Androgen receptor regulates expression of the MUC1-C oncoprotein in human prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2011; 71:1299-308. [PMID: 21308711 PMCID: PMC4916770 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The MUC1 heterodimeric oncoprotein is aberrantly overexpressed in human prostate cancers with more aggressive pathologic and clinical features. However, the signals that regulate MUC1 expression in prostate cancer cells are not well understood. METHODS MUC1 expression was studied in androgen-dependent and -independent prostate cancer cell lines by quantitative RT-PCR, immunoblotting and assessment of MUC1 promoter activation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) studies were performed to assess androgen receptor (AR) occupancy on the MUC1 promoter. Post-transcriptional regulation of MUC1 expression was assessed by miR-125b-mediated effects on activity of the MUC1 3' untranslated region (3'UTR). RESULTS The present studies demonstrate that AR occupies a consensus AR element on the MUC1 promoter in androgen-dependent LNCaP, but not in androgen-independent DU145 and PC3, prostate cancer cells. The results further show that AR downregulates MUC1 gene transcription. Stable introduction of exogenous AR in PC3 (PC3/AR) cells and then silencing of AR confirmed AR-mediated repression of the MUC1 promoter. AR signaling has also been shown to drive miR-125b expression. The present studies further demonstrate that miR-125b suppresses MUC1 translation in LNCaP cells and that an anti-sense miR-125b upregulates expression of MUC1 protein. In addition, stable expression of miR-125b in DU145 cells resulted in decreases in MUC1 levels. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that AR signaling regulates MUC1 expression by transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms in prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Donald Kufe
- Correspondence to: Dr. Donald Kufe, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Dana-830, Boston, MA 02115.
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29
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Klinge CM, Radde BN, Imbert-Fernandez Y, Teng Y, Ivanova MM, Abner SM, Martin AL. Targeting the intracellular MUC1 C-terminal domain inhibits proliferation and estrogen receptor transcriptional activity in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 10:2062-71. [PMID: 21862684 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a diagnostic factor and therapy target in lung adenocarcinoma. MUC1 C-terminal intracellular domain (CD) interacts with estrogen receptor (ER) α and increases gene transcription in breast cancer cells. Because lung adenocarcinoma cells express functional ERα and ERβ, we examined MUC1 expression and MUC1-ER interaction. Because blocking MUC1 CD with an inhibitory peptide (PMIP) inhibited breast tumor growth, we tested whether PMIP would inhibit lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation. We report that MUC1 interacts with ERα and ERβ within the nucleus of H1793 lung adenocarcinoma cells in accordance with MUC1 expression. PMIP was taken up by H23 and H1793 cells and inhibited the proliferation of H1793, but not H23 cells, concordant with higher MUC1 protein expression in H1793 cells. Lower MUC1 protein expression in H23 does not correspond to microRNAs miR-125b and miR-145 that have been reported to reduce MUC1 expression. PMIP had no effect on the viability of normal human bronchial epithelial cells, which lack MUC1 expression. PMIP inhibited estradiol-activated reporter gene transcription and endogenous cyclin D1 and nuclear respiratory factor-1 gene transcription in H1793 cells. These results indicate MUC1-ER functional interaction in lung adenocarcinoma cells and that inhibiting MUC1 inhibits lung adenocarcinoma cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Klinge
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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30
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Zhou Y, Rajabi H, Kufe D. Mucin 1 C-terminal subunit oncoprotein is a target for small-molecule inhibitors. Mol Pharmacol 2011; 79:886-93. [PMID: 21346142 PMCID: PMC3082937 DOI: 10.1124/mol.110.070797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a heterodimeric protein that is overexpressed in diverse human carcinomas. The oncogenic function of the MUC1 C-terminal subunit (MUC1-C) subunit is dependent on the formation of dimers through its cytoplasmic domain; however, it is not known whether MUC1-C can be targeted with small-molecule inhibitors. In the present work, an assay using the MUC1-C cytoplasmic domain (MUC1-CD) was established to screen small-molecule libraries for compounds that block its dimerization. Using this approach, the flavone apigenin was identified as an inhibitor of MUC1-CD dimerization in vitro and in cells. By contrast, the structurally related flavone baicalein was ineffective in blocking the formation of MUC1-CD dimers. In concert with these results, apigenin, and not baicalein, blocked the localization of MUC1-C to the nucleus. MUC1-C activates MUC1 gene expression in an autoinductive loop, and apigenin, but not baicalein, treatment was associated with down-regulation of MUC1 mRNA levels and MUC1-C protein. The results also demonstrate that apigenin-induced suppression of MUC1-C expression is associated with apoptotic cell death and loss of clonogenic survival. These findings represent the first demonstration that the MUC1-C cytoplasmic domain is a target for the development of small-molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchun Zhou
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Yamada N, Kitamoto S, Yokoyama S, Hamada T, Goto M, Tsutsumida H, Higashi M, Yonezawa S. Epigenetic regulation of mucin genes in human cancers. Clin Epigenetics 2011; 2:85-96. [PMID: 22704331 PMCID: PMC3365379 DOI: 10.1007/s13148-011-0037-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucins are high molecular weight glycoproteins that play important roles in diagnostic and prognostic prediction and in carcinogenesis and tumor invasion. Regulation of expression of mucin genes has been studied extensively, and signaling pathways, transcriptional regulators, and epigenetic modification in promoter regions have been described. Detection of the epigenetic status of cancer-related mucin genes is important for early diagnosis of cancer and for monitoring of tumor behavior and response to targeted therapy. Effects of micro-RNAs on mucin gene expression have also started to emerge. In this review, we discuss the current views on epigenetic mechanisms of regulation of mucin genes (MUC1, MUC2, MUC3A, MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC5B, MUC6, MUC16, and MUC17) and the possible clinical applications of this epigenetic information.
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Mukhopadhyay P, Chakraborty S, Ponnusamy MP, Lakshmanan I, Jain M, Batra SK. Mucins in the pathogenesis of breast cancer: implications in diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2011; 1815:224-40. [PMID: 21277939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2010] [Revised: 01/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mucins are high molecular weight, multifunctional glycoproteins comprised of two structural classes-the large transmembrane mucins and the gel-forming or secreted mucins. The primary function of mucins is to protect and lubricate the luminal surfaces of epithelium-lined ducts in the human body. Recent studies have identified a differential expression of both membrane bound (MUC1, MUC4 and MUC16) and secreted mucins (MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC5B and MUC6) in breast cancer tissues when compared with the non-neoplastic breast tissues. Functional studies have also uncovered many unique roles of mucins during the progression of breast cancer, which include modulation in proliferative, invasive and metastatic potential of tumor cells. Mucins function through many unique domains that can form complex association with various signaling molecules including growth factor receptors and intercellular adhesion molecules. While there is growing information about mucins in various malignancies including breast cancer, no focused review is there on the expression and functional roles of mucins in breast cancer. In this present review, we have discussed the differential expression and functional roles of mucins in breast cancer. The potential of mucins as diagnostic and prognostic markers and as therapeutic targets in breast cancer have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Jonckheere N, Skrypek N, Van Seuningen I. Mucins and pancreatic cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2010; 2:1794-812. [PMID: 24281201 PMCID: PMC3840449 DOI: 10.3390/cancers2041794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is characterized by an often dramatic outcome (five year survival < 5%) related to a late diagnosis and a lack of efficient therapy. Therefore, clinicians desperately need new biomarkers and new therapeutic tools to develop new efficient therapies. Mucins belong to an ever increasing family of O-glycoproteins. Secreted mucins are the main component of mucus protecting the epithelia whereas membrane-bound mucins are thought to play important biological roles in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, in cell signaling and in modulating biological properties of cancer cells. In this review, we will focus on the altered expression pattern of mucins in pancreatic cancer, from the early neoplastic lesion Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PanIN) to invasive pancreatic carcinomas, and the molecular mechanisms (including genetic and epigenetic regulation) and signaling pathways known to control their expression. Moreover, we will discuss the recent advances about the biology of both secreted and membrane-bound mucins and their key roles in pancreatic carcinogenesis and resistance to therapy. Finally, we will discuss exciting opportunities that mucins offer as potential therapeutic targets in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Jonckheere
- INSERM, U837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Team 5 "Mucins, epithelial differentiation and carcinogenesis", Lille, France.
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