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Guo F, Lu R, Kong W, Anwar M, Feng Y. DNA mismatch repair system regulates the expression of PD-L1 through DNMTs in cervical cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:25. [PMID: 38200495 PMCID: PMC10782574 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03214-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer (CC) is a potential clinical application of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor. We aimed to study the mechanism of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system regulating the expression of PD-L1 in CC through DNA methyltransferase (DNMTs). METHODS We collected pathological specimens from 118 cases of CC to analyze the relationship between PD-L1 expression and DNMTs in different MMR states. RNA interference (RNAi) technique was used to simulate the formation of CC cell line with MMR deficiency (dMMR) state, and subcutaneous tumor formation experiment was carried out in nude mice to verify the relationship between PD-L1 expression and DNMTs in MMR state. RESULTS The PD-L1 positive rate in 118 cases of CC was 58.47%, while the microsatellite instability (MSI) status accounted for 5.93%. There was a significant difference in the expression of PD-L1 between patients within the dMMR and MMR proficient (pMMR) groups (χ2 = 21.405, P < 0.001). Subcutaneous inoculation after infection of Siha cells led to successful tumorigenesis in nude mice, accompanied by a significant increase in the level of PD-L1 expression in the mouse tumors, while the expression level of MLH1 and MSH2 protein decreased significantly. We also found that PD-L1 expression was closely related to the expression of DNMTs. CONCLUSION PD-L1 is universal expressed on the surface of CC cells, dMMR status enhances the expression of PD-L1 on the surface of CC cells, dMMR states of CC are related to the demethylation status of the PD-L1 gene promoter region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Guo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Center, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, No 789 Suzhou Road, Urumqi, China
- Postdoctoral Research Workstation of Tumor Hospital affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ruijiao Lu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Center, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, No 789 Suzhou Road, Urumqi, China
| | - Weina Kong
- Department of Medical Laboratory Center, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, No 789 Suzhou Road, Urumqi, China
| | - Miyessar Anwar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Center, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, No 789 Suzhou Road, Urumqi, China
| | - Yangchun Feng
- Department of Medical Laboratory Center, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, No 789 Suzhou Road, Urumqi, China.
- Postdoctoral Research Workstation of Tumor Hospital affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
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2
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Ma N, Jin A, Sun Y, Jin Y, Sun Y, Xiao Q, Sha X, Yu F, Yang L, Liu W, Gao X, Zhang X, Li L. Comprehensive investigating of MMR gene in hepatocellular carcinoma with chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Han Chinese population. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1124459. [PMID: 37035153 PMCID: PMC10079871 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1124459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma associated with chronic hepatitis B virus infection seriously affects human health. Present studies suggest that genetic susceptibility plays an important role in the mechanism of cancer development. Therefore, this study focused on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of MMR genes associated with HBV-HCC. Five groups of participants were included in this study, which were healthy control group (HC), spontaneous clearance (SC), chronic hepatitis B group (CHB), HBV-related liver cirrhosis group (LC) and HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma group (HBV-HCC). A total of 3128 participants met the inclusion and exclusion criteria for this study. 20 polymorphic loci on MSH2, MSH3 and MSH6 were selected for genotyping. There were four case-control studies, which were HC vs. HCC, SC vs. HCC, CHB vs. HCC and LC vs. HCC. We used Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test, unconditional logistic regression, haplotype analysis, and gene-gene interaction for genetic analysis. Ultimately, after excluding confounding factors such as age, gender, smoking and drinking, 12 polymorphisms were found to be associated with genetic susceptibility to HCC. Haplotype analysis showed the risk haplotype GTTT (rs1805355_G, rs3776968_T, rs1428030_C, rs181747_C) was more frequent in the HCC group compared with the HC group. The GMDR analysis showed that the best interaction model was the three-factor model of MSH2-rs1981928, MSH3-rs26779 and MSH6-rs2348244 in SC vs. HCC group (P=0.001). In addition, we found multiplicative or additive interactions between genes in our selected SNPs. These findings provide new ideas to further explore the etiology and pathogenesis of HCC. We have attempted to explain the molecular mechanisms by which certain SNPs (MSH2-rs4952887, MSH3-rs26779, MSH3-rs181747 and MSH3-rs32950) affect genetic susceptibility to HCC from the perspectives of eQTL, TFBS, cell cycle and so on. We also explained the results of haplotypes and gene-gene interactions. These findings provide new ideas to further explore the etiology and pathogenesis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Management, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ao Jin
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yitong Sun
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yiyao Jin
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yucheng Sun
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - XuanYi Sha
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, School of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fengxue Yu
- The Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenxuan Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaolin Zhang, ; Lu Li,
| | - Lu Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Management, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaolin Zhang, ; Lu Li,
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3
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Casati G, Giunti L, Iorio AL, Marturano A, Galli L, Sardi I. Hippo Pathway in Regulating Drug Resistance of Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413431. [PMID: 34948224 PMCID: PMC8705144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most common and malignant tumor of the Central Nervous System (CNS), affecting both children and adults. GBM is one of the deadliest tumor types and it shows a strong multidrug resistance (MDR) and an immunosuppressive microenvironment which remain a great challenge to therapy. Due to the high recurrence of GBM after treatment, the understanding of the chemoresistance phenomenon and how to stimulate the antitumor immune response in this pathology is crucial. The deregulation of the Hippo pathway is involved in tumor genesis, chemoresistance and immunosuppressive nature of GBM. This pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway with a kinase cascade core, which controls the translocation of YAP (Yes-Associated Protein)/TAZ (Transcriptional Co-activator with PDZ-binding Motif) into the nucleus, leading to regulation of organ size and growth. With this review, we want to highlight how chemoresistance and tumor immunosuppression work in GBM and how the Hippo pathway has a key role in them. We linger on the role of the Hippo pathway evaluating the effect of its de-regulation among different human cancers. Moreover, we consider how different pathways are cross-linked with the Hippo signaling in GBM genesis and the hypothetical mechanisms responsible for the Hippo pathway activation in GBM. Furthermore, we describe various drugs targeting the Hippo pathway. In conclusion, all the evidence described largely support a strong involvement of the Hippo pathway in gliomas progression, in the activation of chemoresistance mechanisms and in the development of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Therefore, this pathway is a promising target for the treatment of high grade gliomas and in particular of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Casati
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.G.); (A.L.I.); (A.M.); (I.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Laura Giunti
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.G.); (A.L.I.); (A.M.); (I.S.)
| | - Anna Lisa Iorio
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.G.); (A.L.I.); (A.M.); (I.S.)
| | - Arianna Marturano
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.G.); (A.L.I.); (A.M.); (I.S.)
| | - Luisa Galli
- Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Iacopo Sardi
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.G.); (A.L.I.); (A.M.); (I.S.)
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4
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Alphones S, Chatterjee U, Singh A, Das A, Zameer L, Achari R, Bhattacharya A, Roy P. Immunohistochemical screening for mismatch repair protein deficiency in paediatric high-grade gliomas - institutional experience and review of literature. Childs Nerv Syst 2021; 37:2521-2530. [PMID: 34097097 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-021-05229-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immunohistochemical (IHC) testing for mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency (MMRD) is used as a screening tool to identify microsatellite instability in various cancers (especially colon). This not only identifies hereditary cancer syndromes like Lynch and constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD) but also aids in prognostication and prediction of sensitivity to checkpoint inhibitor drugs. There are very few reported studies on MMRD status of pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGG) and none from the Indian subcontinent. The aim of this study is to evaluate the frequency of MMRD in pHGG and to assess if there is a need for universal screening with immunohistochemistry. METHODS Paraffin blocks of consecutive cases of pHGG (< 18 years) were retrieved from 2 centres, and IHC with four MMR antibodies - MLH1, PMS2, MSH2 and MSH6 - was performed using tissue microarray-based technique. RESULTS Three out of nine cases (33%) studied showed loss of staining. One case had loss of MSH2 and MSH6 confirmed by gene sequencing. Eight of the cases were glioblastoma. One case of IDH1-mutated anaplastic astrocytoma showed loss of MLH1 and PMS2 staining. Isolated PMS2 loss was noted in 1 case, where the non-tumour cells also showed loss of staining, indicative CMMRD syndrome. This patient had prior colon cancer with isolated PMS2 loss and responded to check-point inhibitor therapy with nivolumab. CONCLUSION Our study shows that the frequency of MMRD to be about one-third of pHGG. Universal IHC screening for MMRD in all pHGGs may benefit early diagnosis and play a role in therapeutic decisions. A larger multi-institutional study will help better assess the prevalence and treatment implications in MMRD tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena Alphones
- Department of Pathology, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Angad Singh
- Department of Pathology, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India
| | - Anirban Das
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India
| | - Lateef Zameer
- Department of Pathology, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India
| | - Rimpa Achari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Paromita Roy
- Department of Pathology, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India.
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5
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Cho YA, Kim D, Lee B, Shim JH, Suh YL. Incidence, clinicopathologic, and genetic characteristics of mismatch repair gene-mutated glioblastomas. J Neurooncol 2021; 153:43-53. [PMID: 33864561 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-021-03710-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant gliomas of adults and recur, resulting in death, despite surgery, radiotherapy, and temozolomide-based chemotherapy. There are a few reports on immunotherapy for the mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient GBMs with high tumor mutational burden (TMB). However, the clinicopathological and genetic features of the MMR genes altered in GBMs have not been elucidated yet. METHODS The authors analyzed targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) data from 282 (276 primary and 6 recurrent) glioblastomas to evaluate the mutational status of six DNA repair-related genes: MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, POLE, and POLD1. Tumors harboring somatic or germline mutations in one or more of these six genes were classified as an MMR gene-altered GBM. The clinicopathologic and molecular characteristics of MMR gene-altered GBMs were compared to those of tumors without MMR gene alterations. RESULTS Sixty germline or somatic mutations were identified in 37 cases (35 primary and two recurrent) of GBM. The most frequently mutated genes were MSH6 and POLE. Single nucleotide variants were the most common, followed by frameshift deletions or insertions and approximately 60% of the mutations were germline mutations. Two patients who showed MSH2 (c.2038C > T) and MSH6 (c.1082G > A) mutations had familial colon cancer. The clinical findings were not different between the two groups. However, the presence of MGMT promoter methylation and high tumor mutation burden (TMB) values (> 20) were correlated with MMR gene alterations. CONCLUSION Since MMR-related genes can be found even in primary glioblastoma and are correlated with high TMB and MGMT promoter methylation, MMR genes should be carefully analyzed in NGS study on glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Ah Cho
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Deokgeun Kim
- Department of Clinical Genomic Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Boram Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Samsung Genomic Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ho Shim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Samsung Genomic Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Lim Suh
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Peng Y, Pei H. DNA alkylation lesion repair: outcomes and implications in cancer chemotherapy. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 22:47-62. [PMID: 33448187 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2000344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alkylated DNA lesions, induced by both exogenous chemical agents and endogenous metabolites, represent a major form of DNA damage in cells. The repair of alkylation damage is critical in all cells because such damage is cytotoxic and potentially mutagenic. Alkylation chemotherapy is a major therapeutic modality for many tumors, underscoring the importance of the repair pathways in cancer cells. Several different pathways exist for alkylation repair, including base excision and nucleotide excision repair, direct reversal by methyl-guanine methyltransferase (MGMT), and dealkylation by the AlkB homolog (ALKBH) protein family. However, maintaining a proper balance between these pathways is crucial for the favorable response of an organism to alkylating agents. Here, we summarize the progress in the field of DNA alkylation lesion repair and describe the implications for cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, the George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA.,GW Cancer Center, the George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Huadong Pei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, the George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA. .,GW Cancer Center, the George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
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7
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Shi Y, Jiang J, Cui Y, Chen Y, Dong T, An H, Liu P. MSH6 Aggravates the Hypoxic Microenvironment via Regulating HIF1A to Promote the Metastasis of Glioblastoma Multiforme. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 40:93-100. [PMID: 33181035 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.5442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is characterized by diffuse infiltration of the brain, active regional recurrence, low cure proportion, and limited chemotherapy efficiency. MutS homolog 6 (MSH6) is a component of the mismatch repair system related to the oncogenesis, tumor evolution, and recurrence of GBM. The impact of MSH6 upregulation on the tumor microenvironment (TME) of GBM and the feasibility of MSH6 as a potential target to improve the prognosis remain unknown. The expression of MSH6 at mRNA level indicated that MSH6 expressed higher in GBM tissues than that in normal ones. The transwell assay and expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) suggested that the capability of invasion and migration in U251-MSH6 was more stubborn. The intracranial tumor model was established with nude mice to further explore in vivo. The time-weight curve, overall survival, tumor volumes, expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in tissue, and hematoxylin and eosin staining all indicated that MSH6 had a positive effect on metastasis. The expression levels of related proteins suggested that the hypoxia TME induced by MSH6 may promote metastasis via epithelial to mesenchymal transition, stemness, and angiogenesis progress. MSH6 is an overexpressed oncogene in human GBM tissues, which accelerated metastasis by regulating hypoxia inducible factor-1A (HIF1A) to form a hypoxic TME in GBM. The MSH6 was a vital marker of GBM, making it a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shi
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yingzhe Cui
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yaodong Chen
- Department of Ultrasonic Imaging, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Tianxiu Dong
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongda An
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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8
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Almuhaisen G, Alhalaseh Y, Mansour R, Abu-Shanab A, Al-Ghnimat S, Al-Hussaini M. Frequency of mismatch repair protein deficiency and PD-L1 in high-grade gliomas in adolescents and young adults (AYA). Brain Tumor Pathol 2020; 38:14-22. [PMID: 32897465 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-020-00379-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system tumors in adolescents and young adults (AYA) are rarely reported in the literature. The association with cancer predisposition syndrome is not established. Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) can predict the potential response of patients to immunotherapy. A link between mismatch repair protein deficiency (MMRP-D) and response to immunotherapy is established. P53 is reported to be positive in MMRD-D cases. We aim to investigate the frequency of MMRP-D in AYA with high-grade glioma and any potential association with PD-L1. A total of 96 cases were tested including 49 (51.0%) cases of glioblastoma. Six cases (6.25%) were MMRP-D, 17 (17.7%) were PD-L1 positive, mostly in grade IV tumors (8.7% in grade III compared to 26% in grade IV, p value = 0.027), and 69 (71.9%) were P3 positive. None of the MMRP-D cases expressed PD-L1. P53-positive cases were mostly MMRP proficient (n = 67; 74.4%, p value 0.051). Fourteen cases (28.7%) were positive for both PD-L1 and P53, while p53-positive grade IV tumors were mostly associated with negative PD-L1 (n = 29, 58%, p value = 0.043). MMRP deficiency does not appear to be prevalent in high-grade glioma in AYA. Expression of PD-L1 in a quarter of cases might suggest a role for immunotherapy in high-grade glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yazan Alhalaseh
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Razan Mansour
- Office of Scientific Affairs and Research, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Amer Abu-Shanab
- Office of Scientific Affairs and Research, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sura Al-Ghnimat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, 202 Queen Rania Al-Abdullah Street, Al-Jubaiha, P.O. Box 1269, Amman, 11941, Jordan
| | - Maysa Al-Hussaini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, 202 Queen Rania Al-Abdullah Street, Al-Jubaiha, P.O. Box 1269, Amman, 11941, Jordan.
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File DM, Morgan KP, Khagi S. Durable Near-Complete Response to Olaparib Plus Temozolomide and Radiation in a Patient With ATM-Mutated Glioblastoma and MSH6-Deficient Lynch Syndrome. JCO Precis Oncol 2020; 4:PO.20.00112. [PMID: 32923878 PMCID: PMC7446372 DOI: 10.1200/po.20.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M. File
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Katherine P. Morgan
- University of North Carolina Medical Center and University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Simon Khagi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
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10
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Chatrath A, Przanowska R, Kiran S, Su Z, Saha S, Wilson B, Tsunematsu T, Ahn JH, Lee KY, Paulsen T, Sobierajska E, Kiran M, Tang X, Li T, Kumar P, Ratan A, Dutta A. The pan-cancer landscape of prognostic germline variants in 10,582 patients. Genome Med 2020; 12:15. [PMID: 32066500 PMCID: PMC7027124 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-020-0718-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background While clinical factors such as age, grade, stage, and histological subtype provide physicians with information about patient prognosis, genomic data can further improve these predictions. Previous studies have shown that germline variants in known cancer driver genes are predictive of patient outcome, but no study has systematically analyzed multiple cancers in an unbiased way to identify genetic loci that can improve patient outcome predictions made using clinical factors. Methods We analyzed sequencing data from the over 10,000 cancer patients available through The Cancer Genome Atlas to identify germline variants associated with patient outcome using multivariate Cox regression models. Results We identified 79 prognostic germline variants in individual cancers and 112 prognostic germline variants in groups of cancers. The germline variants identified in individual cancers provide additional predictive power about patient outcomes beyond clinical information currently in use and may therefore augment clinical decisions based on expected tumor aggressiveness. Molecularly, at least 12 of the germline variants are likely associated with patient outcome through perturbation of protein structure and at least five through association with gene expression differences. Almost half of these germline variants are in previously reported tumor suppressors, oncogenes or cancer driver genes with the other half pointing to genomic loci that should be further investigated for their roles in cancers. Conclusions Germline variants are predictive of outcome in cancer patients and specific germline variants can improve patient outcome predictions beyond predictions made using clinical factors alone. The germline variants also implicate new means by which known oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and driver genes are perturbed in cancer and suggest roles in cancer for other genes that have not been extensively studied in oncology. Further studies in other cancer cohorts are necessary to confirm that germline variation is associated with outcome in cancer patients as this is a proof-of-principle study. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13073-020-0718-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Chatrath
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1240 Pinn Hall, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Roza Przanowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1240 Pinn Hall, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Shashi Kiran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1240 Pinn Hall, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Zhangli Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1240 Pinn Hall, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Shekhar Saha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1240 Pinn Hall, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Briana Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1240 Pinn Hall, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Takaaki Tsunematsu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1240 Pinn Hall, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Ji-Hye Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1240 Pinn Hall, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Kyung Yong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1240 Pinn Hall, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Teressa Paulsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1240 Pinn Hall, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Ewelina Sobierajska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1240 Pinn Hall, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Manjari Kiran
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Xiwei Tang
- Department of Statistics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Tianxi Li
- Department of Statistics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1240 Pinn Hall, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Aakrosh Ratan
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Anindya Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 1240 Pinn Hall, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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11
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Clinically Actionable Insights into Initial and Matched Recurrent Glioblastomas to Inform Novel Treatment Approaches. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:4878547. [PMID: 32082376 PMCID: PMC7012245 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4878547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary adult brain tumour, and despite optimal treatment, the median survival is 12–15 months. Patients with matched recurrent glioblastomas were investigated to try to find actionable mutations. Tumours were profiled using a validated DNA-based gene panel. Copy number variations (CNVs) and single nucleotide variants (SNVs) were examined, and potentially pathogenic variants and clinically actionable mutations were identified. The results revealed that glioblastomas were IDH-wildtype (IDHWT; n = 38) and IDH-mutant (IDHMUT; n = 3). SNVs in TSC2, MSH6, TP53, CREBBP, and IDH1 were variants of unknown significance (VUS) that were predicted to be pathogenic in both subtypes. IDHWT tumours had SNVs that impacted RTK/Ras/PI(3)K, p53, WNT, SHH, NOTCH, Rb, and G-protein pathways. Many tumours had BRCA1/2 (18%) variants, including confirmed somatic mutations in haemangioblastoma. IDHWT recurrent tumours had fewer pathways impacted (RTK/Ras/PI(3)K, p53, WNT, and G-protein) and CNV gains (BRCA2, GNAS, and EGFR) and losses (TERT and SMARCA4). IDHMUT tumours had SNVs that impacted RTK/Ras/PI(3)K, p53, and WNT pathways. VUS in KLK1 was possibly pathogenic in IDHMUT. Recurrent tumours also had fewer pathways (p53, WNT, and G-protein) impacted by genetic alterations. Public datasets (TCGA and GDC) confirmed the clinical significance of findings in both subtypes. Overall in this cohort, potentially actionable variation was most often identified in EGFR, PTEN, BRCA1/2, and ATM. This study underlines the need for detailed molecular profiling to identify individual GBM patients who may be eligible for novel treatment approaches. This information is also crucial for patient recruitment to clinical trials.
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12
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Nirwal S, Kulkarni DS, Sharma A, Rao DN, Nair DT. Mechanism of formation of a toroid around DNA by the mismatch sensor protein. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:256-266. [PMID: 29182773 PMCID: PMC5758902 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx1149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathway removes errors that appear during genome replication. MutS is the primary mismatch sensor and forms an asymmetric dimer that encircles DNA to bend it to scan for mismatches. The mechanism utilized to load DNA into the central tunnel was unknown and the origin of the force required to bend DNA was unclear. We show that, in absence of DNA, MutS forms a symmetric dimer wherein a gap exists between the monomers through which DNA can enter the central tunnel. The comparison with structures of MutS-DNA complexes suggests that the mismatch scanning monomer (Bm) will move by nearly 50 Å to associate with the other monomer (Am). Consequently, the N-terminal domains of both monomers will press onto DNA to bend it. The proposed mechanism of toroid formation evinces that the force required to bend DNA arises primarily due to the movement of Bm and hence, the MutS dimer acts like a pair of pliers to bend DNA. We also shed light on the allosteric mechanism that influences the expulsion of adenosine triphosphate from Am on DNA binding. Overall, this study provides mechanistic insight regarding the primary event in MMR i.e. the assembly of the MutS-DNA complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivlee Nirwal
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India.,Manipal University, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Dhananjaya S Kulkarni
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- TERI-DIAKEN Nanobiotechnolgy Centre, TERI-Gram, Gual Pahari, Gurgaon-Faridabad Road, Gurgaon, 122001, Haryana, India
| | - Desirazu N Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepak T Nair
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
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13
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Gobin M, Nazarov PV, Warta R, Timmer M, Reifenberger G, Felsberg J, Vallar L, Chalmers AJ, Herold-Mende CC, Goldbrunner R, Niclou SP, Van Dyck E. A DNA Repair and Cell-Cycle Gene Expression Signature in Primary and Recurrent Glioblastoma: Prognostic Value and Clinical Implications. Cancer Res 2019; 79:1226-1238. [PMID: 30674534 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inevitable tumor recurrence and a poor median survival are frustrating reminders of the inefficacy of our current standard of care for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM), which includes surgery followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy with the DNA alkylating agent temozolomide. Because resistance to genotoxic damage is achieved mainly through execution of the DNA damage response (DDR) and DNA repair pathways, knowledge of the changes in DNA repair and cell-cycle gene expression that occur during tumor development might help identify new targets and improve treatment. Here, we performed a gene expression analysis targeting components of the DNA repair and cell-cycle machineries in cohorts of paired tumor samples (i.e., biopsies from the same patient obtained at the time of primary tumor operation and at recurrence) from patients treated with radiotherapy or radiotherapy plus temozolomide. We identified and validated a 27-gene signature that resulted in the classification of GBM specimens into three groups, two of which displayed inverse expression profiles. Each group contained primary and recurrent samples, and the tumor at relapse frequently displayed a gene expression profile different from that of the matched primary biopsy. Within the groups that exhibited opposing gene expression profiles, the expression pattern of the gene signature at relapse was linked to progression-free survival. We provide experimental evidence that our signature exposes group-specific vulnerabilities against genotoxicants and inhibitors of the cell cycle and DDR, with the prospect of personalized therapeutic strategies.Significance: These findings suggest that classification of GBM tumors based on a DNA repair and cell-cycle gene expression signature exposes vulnerabilities to standard-of-care therapies and offers the potential for personalized therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Gobin
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,Faculty of Science, Technology and Communication, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Petr V Nazarov
- Proteome and Genome Research Unit, LIH, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Rolf Warta
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marco Timmer
- Neurosurgery Centre, University Clinic Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Laurent Vallar
- Proteome and Genome Research Unit, LIH, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Anthony J Chalmers
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Simone P Niclou
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Eric Van Dyck
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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14
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Patil V, Mahalingam K. A four-protein expression prognostic signature predicts clinical outcome of lower-grade glioma. Gene 2018; 679:57-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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15
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Deris Zayeri Z, Tahmasebi Birgani M, Mohammadi Asl J, Kashipazha D, Hajjari M. A novel infram deletion in MSH6 gene in glioma: Conversation on MSH6 mutations in brain tumors. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:11092-11102. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Deris Zayeri
- Golestan Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
| | - Maryam Tahmasebi Birgani
- Department of Medical Genetics School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
| | - Javad Mohammadi Asl
- Department of Medical Genetics School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
- Noor Medical Genetic Laboratory Ahvaz Khuzestan Iran
| | - Davood Kashipazha
- Department of Neurology Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Hajjari
- Department of Genetics Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Ahvaz Iran
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16
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Ferreira J, Ramos AA, Almeida T, Azqueta A, Rocha E. Drug resistance in glioblastoma and cytotoxicity of seaweed compounds, alone and in combination with anticancer drugs: A mini review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 48:84-93. [PMID: 30195884 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastomas (GBM) are one of the most aggressive tumor of the central nervous system with an average life expectancy of only 1-2 years after diagnosis, even with the use of advanced treatments with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. There are several anticancer drugs with alkylating properties that have been used in the therapy of malignant gliomas. Temozolomide (TMZ) is one of them, widely used even in combination with ionizing radiation. However, the main disadvantage of using these types of drugs in the treatment of GBM is the development of cancer drug resistance. Research of bioactive compounds with anticancer activity has been heavily explored. PURPOSE This review focuses on a carotenoid and a phlorotannin present in seaweed, namely fucoxanthin and phloroglucinol, and their anticancer activity against glioblastoma. The combination of natural compounds with conventional drugs is also discussed. CONCLUSION Several natural compounds existing in seaweeds, such as fucoxanthin and phoroglucinol, have shown cytotoxic activity in models in vitro and in vivo, acting through different molecular mechanisms, such as antioxidant, antiproliferative, DNA damage/DNA repair, proapoptotic, antiangiogenic and antimetastic. Within the scope of interactions with conventional drugs, there are evidences that some seaweed compounds could be used to potentiate the action of anticancer drugs. However, their effects and mechanisms of action, alone or in combination with anticancer drugs, namely TMZ, in glioblastoma cell, still few explored and require more attention due to the unquestionable high potential of these marine compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Ferreira
- Team of Histomorphology, Physiopathology and Applied Toxicology, CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, U.Porto - University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, Matosinhos 4450-208, Portugal; Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, U.Porto - University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal; FCUP - Faculty of Sciences, U.Porto - University of Porto (U.Porto), Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Alice Abreu Ramos
- Team of Histomorphology, Physiopathology and Applied Toxicology, CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, U.Porto - University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, Matosinhos 4450-208, Portugal; Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, U.Porto - University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
| | - Tânia Almeida
- Team of Histomorphology, Physiopathology and Applied Toxicology, CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, U.Porto - University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, Matosinhos 4450-208, Portugal; Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, U.Porto - University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal; FCUP - Faculty of Sciences, U.Porto - University of Porto (U.Porto), Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea, CP 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Eduardo Rocha
- Team of Histomorphology, Physiopathology and Applied Toxicology, CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, U.Porto - University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, Matosinhos 4450-208, Portugal; Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, U.Porto - University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
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17
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Xi J, Wang M, Li A. Discovering mutated driver genes through a robust and sparse co-regularized matrix factorization framework with prior information from mRNA expression patterns and interaction network. BMC Bioinformatics 2018; 19:214. [PMID: 29871594 PMCID: PMC5989443 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-018-2218-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Discovery of mutated driver genes is one of the primary objective for studying tumorigenesis. To discover some relatively low frequently mutated driver genes from somatic mutation data, many existing methods incorporate interaction network as prior information. However, the prior information of mRNA expression patterns are not exploited by these existing network-based methods, which is also proven to be highly informative of cancer progressions. RESULTS To incorporate prior information from both interaction network and mRNA expressions, we propose a robust and sparse co-regularized nonnegative matrix factorization to discover driver genes from mutation data. Furthermore, our framework also conducts Frobenius norm regularization to overcome overfitting issue. Sparsity-inducing penalty is employed to obtain sparse scores in gene representations, of which the top scored genes are selected as driver candidates. Evaluation experiments by known benchmarking genes indicate that the performance of our method benefits from the two type of prior information. Our method also outperforms the existing network-based methods, and detect some driver genes that are not predicted by the competing methods. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our proposed method can improve the performance of driver gene discovery by effectively incorporating prior information from interaction network and mRNA expression patterns into a robust and sparse co-regularized matrix factorization framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Xi
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Huangshan Road, Hefei, 230027 China
| | - Minghui Wang
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Huangshan Road, Hefei, 230027 China
- Centers for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Huangshan Road, Hefei, 230027 China
| | - Ao Li
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Huangshan Road, Hefei, 230027 China
- Centers for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Huangshan Road, Hefei, 230027 China
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18
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Evensen NA, Madhusoodhan PP, Meyer J, Saliba J, Chowdhury A, Araten DJ, Nersting J, Bhatla T, Vincent TL, Teachey D, Hunger SP, Yang J, Schmiegelow K, Carroll WL. MSH6 haploinsufficiency at relapse contributes to the development of thiopurine resistance in pediatric B-lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica 2018; 103:830-839. [PMID: 29449434 PMCID: PMC5927991 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.176362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Survival of children with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia is poor, and understanding mechanisms underlying resistance is essential to developing new therapy. Relapse-specific heterozygous deletions in MSH6, a crucial part of DNA mismatch repair, are frequently detected. Our aim was to determine whether MSH6 deletion results in a hypermutator phenotype associated with generation of secondary mutations involved in drug resistance, or if it leads to a failure to initiate apoptosis directly in response to chemotherapeutic agents. We knocked down MSH6 in mismatch repair proficient cell lines (697 and UOCB1) and showed significant increases in IC50s to 6-thioguanine and 6-mercaptopurine (697: 26- and 9-fold; UOCB1: 5- and 8-fold) in vitro, as well as increased resistance to 6-mercaptopurine treatment in vivo. No shift in IC50 was observed in deficient cells (Reh and RS4;11). 697 MSH6 knockdown resulted in increased DNA thioguanine nucleotide levels compared to non-targeted cells (3070 vs. 1722 fmol/μg DNA) with no difference observed in mismatch repair deficient cells. Loss of MSH6 did not give rise to microsatellite instability in cell lines or clinical samples, nor did it significantly increase mutation rate, but rather resulted in a defect in cell cycle arrest upon thiopurine exposure. MSH6 knockdown cells showed minimal activation of checkpoint regulator CHK1, γH2AX (DNA damage marker) and p53 levels upon treatment with thiopurines, consistent with intrinsic chemoresistance due to failure to recognize thioguanine nucleotide mismatching and initiate mismatch repair. Aberrant MSH6 adds to the list of alterations/mutations associated with acquired resistance to purine analogs emphasizing the importance of thiopurine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki A Evensen
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU-Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - P Pallavi Madhusoodhan
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU-Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julia Meyer
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Medical Center, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Jason Saliba
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU-Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ashfiyah Chowdhury
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU-Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David J Araten
- Department of Medicine, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU-Langone Medical Center, New York NY, USA
| | - Jacob Nersting
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Teena Bhatla
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU-Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tiffaney L Vincent
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Teachey
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephen P Hunger
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kjeld Schmiegelow
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - William L Carroll
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU-Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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19
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Malignant gliomas result in disproportionately high morbidity and mortality compared with other primary tumors, and progression of disease is inevitable. Novel therapies to improve outcomes are needed and immune checkpoint inhibitors hold significant promise. RECENT FINDINGS A limited body of preclinical evidence suggests that checkpoint inhibitors may be effective treatment for gliomas. Biomarkers to identify characteristics of gliomas responsive to these therapies will be essential. These may include mismatch repair deficiency and high mutational load that might be germline, somatic, or acquired after therapy. Evidence on the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in gliomas is evolving. Clinical trials are underway and results are eagerly awaited. Understanding the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination with other treatment modalities for gliomas is crucial to the improvement of outcomes. The design and conduct of future clinical trials need to account for increasingly complex treatment options.
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20
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Miyata H, Ashizawa T, Iizuka A, Kondou R, Nonomura C, Sugino T, Urakami K, Asai A, Hayashi N, Mitsuya K, Nakasu Y, Yamaguchi K, Akiyama Y. Combination of a STAT3 Inhibitor and an mTOR Inhibitor Against a Temozolomide-resistant Glioblastoma Cell Line. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2017; 14:83-91. [PMID: 28031240 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temozolomide-resistant (TMZ-R) glioblastoma is very difficult to treat, and a novel approach to overcome resistance is needed. MATERIALS AND METHODS The efficacy of a combination treatment of STAT3 inhibitor, STX-0119, with rapamycin was investigated against our established TMZ-resistant U87 cell line. RESULTS The growth-inhibitory effect of the combination treatment was significant against the TMZ-R U87 cell line (IC50: 78 μM for STX-0119, 30.5 μM for rapamycin and 11.3 μM for combination of the two). Western blotting analysis demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of STX-0119 on S6 and 4E-BP1 activation through regulation of YKL-40 expression occurred in addition to the inhibitory effect of rapamycin against the mTOR pathway. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the STAT3 pathway is associated with the mTOR downstream pathway mediated by YKL-40 protein, and the combination therapy of the STAT3 inhibitor and rapamycin could be worth developing as a novel therapeutic approach against TMZ-resistant relapsed gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruo Miyata
- Immunotherapy Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ashizawa
- Immunotherapy Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Iizuka
- Immunotherapy Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ryota Kondou
- Immunotherapy Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Chizu Nonomura
- Immunotherapy Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Sugino
- Division of Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Urakami
- Cancer Diagnostics Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Asai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Nakamasa Hayashi
- Division of Neurosurgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Mitsuya
- Division of Neurosurgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoko Nakasu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ken Yamaguchi
- Office of the President, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuto Akiyama
- Immunotherapy Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan .,Division of Neurosurgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
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21
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Regulation of DNA Alkylation Damage Repair: Lessons and Therapeutic Opportunities. Trends Biochem Sci 2016; 42:206-218. [PMID: 27816326 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alkylation chemotherapy is one of the most widely used systemic therapies for cancer. While somewhat effective, clinical responses and toxicities of these agents are highly variable. A major contributing factor for this variability is the numerous distinct lesions that are created upon alkylation damage. These adducts activate multiple repair pathways. There is mounting evidence that the individual pathways function cooperatively, suggesting that coordinated regulation of alkylation repair is critical to prevent toxicity. Furthermore, some alkylating agents produce adducts that overlap with newly discovered methylation marks, making it difficult to distinguish between bona fide damaged bases and so-called 'epigenetic' adducts. Here, we discuss new efforts aimed at deciphering the mechanisms that regulate these repair pathways, emphasizing their implications for cancer chemotherapy.
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