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Colina JA, Varughese P, Karthikeyan S, Salvi A, Modi DA, Burdette JE. Reduced PAX2 expression in murine fallopian tube cells enhances estrogen receptor signaling. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:646-655. [PMID: 31271204 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is thought to progress from a series of precursor lesions in the fallopian tube epithelium (FTE). One of the preneoplastic lesions found in the FTE is called a secretory cell outgrowth (SCOUT), which is partially defined by a loss of paired box 2 (PAX2). In the present study, we developed PAX2-deficient murine cell lines in order to model a SCOUT and to explore the role of PAX2 loss in the etiology of HGSOC. Loss of PAX2 alone in the murine oviductal epithelium (MOE) did not induce changes in proliferation, migration and survival in hypoxia or contribute to resistance to first line therapies, such as cisplatin or paclitaxel. RNA sequencing of MOE PAX2shRNA cells revealed significant alterations in the transcriptome. Silencing of PAX2 in MOE cells produced a messenger RNA expression pattern that recapitulated several aspects of the transcriptome of previously characterized human SCOUTs. RNA-seq analysis and subsequent qPCR validation of this SCOUT model revealed an enrichment of genes involved in estrogen signaling and an increase in expression of estrogen receptor α. MOE PAX2shRNA cells had higher estrogen signaling activity and higher expression of putative estrogen responsive genes both in the presence and absence of exogenous estrogen. In summary, loss of PAX2 in MOE cells is sufficient to transcriptionally recapitulate a human SCOUT, and this model revealed an enrichment of estrogen signaling as a possible route for tumor progression of precursor lesions in the fallopian tube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Colina
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter Varughese
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Subbulakshmi Karthikeyan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amrita Salvi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dimple A Modi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joanna E Burdette
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Alexandrova E, Pecoraro G, Sellitto A, Melone V, Ferravante C, Rocco T, Guacci A, Giurato G, Nassa G, Rizzo F, Weisz A, Tarallo R. An Overview of Candidate Therapeutic Target Genes in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061470. [PMID: 32512900 PMCID: PMC7352306 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) shows the highest mortality rate among gynecological malignancies and, because of the absence of specific symptoms, it is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage, mainly due to the lack of specific and early biomarkers, such as those based on cancer molecular signature identification. Indeed, although significant progress has been made toward improving the clinical outcome of other cancers, rates of mortality for OC are essentially unchanged since 1980, suggesting the need of new approaches to identify and characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenesis and progression of these malignancies. In addition, due to the low response rate and the high frequency of resistance to current treatments, emerging therapeutic strategies against OC focus on targeting single factors and pathways specifically involved in tumor growth and metastasis. To date, loss-of-function screenings are extensively applied to identify key drug targets in cancer, seeking for more effective, disease-tailored treatments to overcome lack of response or resistance to current therapies. We review here the information relative to essential genes and functional pathways recently discovered in OC, often strictly interconnected with each other and representing promising biomarkers and molecular targets to treat these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Alexandrova
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitan”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (E.A.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (V.M.); (C.F.); (T.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (F.R.)
| | - Giovanni Pecoraro
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitan”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (E.A.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (V.M.); (C.F.); (T.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (F.R.)
| | - Assunta Sellitto
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitan”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (E.A.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (V.M.); (C.F.); (T.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (F.R.)
| | - Viola Melone
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitan”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (E.A.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (V.M.); (C.F.); (T.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (F.R.)
| | - Carlo Ferravante
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitan”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (E.A.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (V.M.); (C.F.); (T.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (F.R.)
- Genomix4Life, via S. Allende 43/L, 84081 Baronissi, Italy;
| | - Teresa Rocco
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitan”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (E.A.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (V.M.); (C.F.); (T.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (F.R.)
- Genomix4Life, via S. Allende 43/L, 84081 Baronissi, Italy;
| | - Anna Guacci
- Genomix4Life, via S. Allende 43/L, 84081 Baronissi, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Giurato
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitan”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (E.A.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (V.M.); (C.F.); (T.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (F.R.)
| | - Giovanni Nassa
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitan”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (E.A.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (V.M.); (C.F.); (T.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (F.R.)
| | - Francesca Rizzo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitan”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (E.A.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (V.M.); (C.F.); (T.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (F.R.)
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitan”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (E.A.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (V.M.); (C.F.); (T.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (F.R.)
- CRGS-Genome Research Center for Health, University of Salerno Campus of Medicine, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (R.T.); Tel.: +39-089-965043 (A.W.); +39-089-965067 (R.T.)
| | - Roberta Tarallo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitan”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (E.A.); (G.P.); (A.S.); (V.M.); (C.F.); (T.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (F.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (R.T.); Tel.: +39-089-965043 (A.W.); +39-089-965067 (R.T.)
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Zhang WW, Jia YF, Wang F, Du QY, Chang ZJ. Identification of differentially-expressed genes in early developmental ovary of Yellow River carp (Cyprinus carpio var) using Suppression Subtractive Hybridization. Theriogenology 2017; 97:9-16. [PMID: 28583615 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ovary development appears to be under polygenic control, and is influenced by multiple genetic factors that may vary from organism to organism. To gain a better insight into the molecular mechanisms of carp ovary development, Suppression Subtractive Hybridization (SSH) DNA libraries in two species of Yellow River carp were analyzed. Primordial gonads and stage II ovaries were used as testers, and adult ovaries as drivers. One hundred and fifty differentially-expressed candidate genes were examined by Southern blot microarray hybridization. We identified 41 differentially-expressed genes in the PG (Primordial gonad) library and 37 in the stage II ovary library. Gene Ontology Biological Pathway analysis showed the genes were involved in signal transduction, proteolysis process, cell differentiation, TGF-β signal and other biological responses. Twenty-two candidate genes were selected and further characterized using qRT-PCR. Pvalb, epd, and MYH were found specifically expressed in PG, while bmp2b, desmin and fp1 were specifically expressed in stage II ovary. Our results indicate that these genes could be used as biomarkers of the early development of carp ovary. This finding will provide a basis for further understanding of the complex gonad developmental molecular mechanisms in Yellow River carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Wan Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Fang Jia
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Yan Du
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Jie Chang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, People's Republic of China.
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