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Kelleher R, Bird BH, Hayes T, O’Sullivan CJ. Primary cardiac lymphoma presenting with cardiac tamponade and complete heart block: case report. Eur Heart J Case Rep 2024; 8:ytad635. [PMID: 38223510 PMCID: PMC10787369 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytad635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Primary cardiac lymphoma (PCL) is rare and its presentation can be variable. Thorough workup of suspected PCL or other cardiac tumours typically incorporates a range of imaging techniques and laboratory investigations but ultimately diagnosis is confirmed by histological analysis of myocardial tissue. Case Summary An 80-year-old Caucasian female presented with complete heart block and symptomatic cardiac tamponade. A pericardiocentesis was performed and a dual-chamber permanent pacemaker was implanted for the management of her complete heart block. Subsequently, a right atrial mass was discovered on imaging and the patient underwent endomyocardial biopsy of the mass. Histological analysis of the sample confirmed a primary cardiac lymphoma. The patient opted to forgo treatment with chemotherapy and died from her disease 1 month later. Discussion Cardiac arrhythmias can occur in PCL due to infiltration of conduction pathways. Characterization of cardiac masses on various imaging modalities and laboratory tests guides diagnosis. Tissue diagnosis is required to confirm PCL. The location of a cardiac mass may present technical challenges when undertaking a biopsy, so the best approach to tissue sampling should be considered on an individual basis. Without treatment survival is less than one month but with modern chemoimmunotherapy five-year survival may exceed 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Kelleher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton Road, T12 DC4A Cork, Ireland
| | - Brian Healey Bird
- Department of Oncology, Bon Secours Hospital Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Tríona Hayes
- Department of Pathology, Bon Secours Hospital Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Crochan J O’Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Cardiology, Bon Secours Hospital Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
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2
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Arora P, Mujahid OM, Singha SK. Non-hodgkin's lymphoma masquerading as a right atrial mass. Ann Card Anaesth 2023; 26:209-210. [PMID: 37706389 PMCID: PMC10284470 DOI: 10.4103/aca.aca_119_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Arora
- Department of Anaesthesiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Omer M. Mujahid
- Department of Anaesthesiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Subrata K. Singha
- Department of Anaesthesiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
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3
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Bonelli A, Paris S, Bisegna S, Milesi G, Gavazzi E, Giubbini R, Cattaneo C, Facchetti F, Faggiano P. Cardiac lymphoma with early response to chemotherapy: A case report and review of the literature. J Nucl Cardiol 2022; 29:3044-3056. [PMID: 33709334 PMCID: PMC9834346 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-021-02570-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac tumors are rare and benign masses account for the most part of the diagnosis. When malignant cancer is detected, primary or secondary cardiac lymphoma are quite frequent. Cardiac lymphoma may present as an intra or peri-cardiac mass or, rarely, it may diffusely infiltrate the myocardium. Although often asymptomatic, patients can have non-specific symptoms. Acute presentations with cardiogenic shock, unstable angina, or acute myocardial infarction are also described. Modern imaging techniques can help the clinicians not only in the diagnostic phase but also during administration of chemotherapy. A multidisciplinary counseling and serial multi-parametric assessment (echocardiography, cardiac troponin) seem to be the most effective approach to prevent possible fatal complications (i.e., cardiac rupture). Currently, only chemo- and radiotherapy are available options for treatment, but the prognosis remains poor. This is a case of secondary cardiac lymphoma presenting as a mediastinal mass with large infiltration of the heart and the great vessels with a good improvement after only one cycle of chemotherapy. It demonstrates the importance of an early diagnosis to modify the natural history of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bonelli
- Cardiology Unit, Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Sara Paris
- Cardiology Unit, Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefano Bisegna
- Cardiology Unit, Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Milesi
- Cardiology Unit, Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Emanuele Gavazzi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Raffaele Giubbini
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Cattaneo
- Hematology Unit, Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Fabio Facchetti
- Pathological Anatomy Service, Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Pompilio Faggiano
- Cardiology Unit, Spedali Civili and University of Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
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A rare primary pericardial DLBCL masquerading as an unexplained malignant pleural effusion in an elderly woman: A case report. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 82:104516. [PMID: 36268426 PMCID: PMC9577422 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Primary cardiac lymphoma (PCL) is an extremely rare and fatal heart neoplasm. Primary cardiac non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is uncommon, considering the rarity of pericardial diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with advanced pleural metastasis. Case presentation We reported an 86-year-old female with primary pericardial DLBCL diagnosed initially by pleural effusion cytology. The chest imaging study revealed multiple pericardial lobulated infiltrative masses and epicardial invasion. Subsequently, she underwent an emergent pericardial window with a pericardial mass biopsy. The final histopathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) stain confirmed primary pericardial DLBCL, initially showing unexplained malignant pleural effusion. Clinical discussion The presence and extent of tumour invasion in the heart can be confirmed by echocardiography, computerised tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, the final histopathological diagnosis requires an examination of the endocardial, myocardial, pericardial window and biopsy or pericardial and pleural effusion cytology. This is the first case report of primary pericardial DLBCL diagnosed by metastatic malignant pleural effusion cytology per the literature review. Conclusion The definitive diagnosis for primary pericardial DLBCL is based on effusion cytology, histopathological and IHC evaluation, and clinical characteristics and image feature correlation. Primary pericardial NHL in immunocompromised individuals is a rare entity of an aggressive extranodal lymphoma. Pericardial DLBCL is a rare NHL with malignant pleural effusions significantly characterised by a poor prognosis. Malignant pleural effusion and supportive care retained significance in the multivariate analysis. Diagnosis is based on the effusion cytology and histopathological evaluations and clinical and image features correlation.
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Chang YC, Liu KT, Lin YG, Chang JL. WITHDRAWN: A rare primary pericardial DLBCL masquerading as an unexplained malignant pleural effusion in an elderly woman: A case report. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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6
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Papanastasiou L, Skarakis N, Vardaka M, Dimitriadi A, Lampropoulou P, Perpinia A, Vidalakis E, Choreftaki T, Marinakis T, Kounadi T, Vatalas IA, Michalis E. A very rare case of extranodal B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma presenting with adrenal and heart involvement. Leuk Res Rep 2022; 17:100318. [PMID: 35539018 PMCID: PMC9079230 DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2022.100318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an extremely rare case of extranodal B-cell NHL: DLBCL (diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma), stage IVE, presenting with heart and bilateral adrenal involvement. On admission, adrenal and thorax imaging identified large bilateral adrenal masses and a 4.6 cm mass in the right atrium wall. An adrenal biopsy revealed the presence of a DLBCL, with triple expression of bcl2, bcl6, C-MYC(+70%). Following six cycles of systemic immunochemotherapy with R-DA-EPOCH, and high methotrexate dose for CNS prophylaxis a marked decrease of lymphoma infiltration was observed. The selection of the appropriate treatment modality can lead to profound response and improve patient's outcome.
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Khaba MC, Kampetu MF, Rangaka MC, Karodia M, Ramoroko SP, Madzhia EI. Primary cardiac lymphoma in HIV infected patients: A clinicopathological report of two cases. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 69:102757. [PMID: 34471532 PMCID: PMC8387905 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE Due to advances in diagnostic methods and human immunodeficiency virus, there has been a recent increase in cardiac involvement by lymphoma. CASE PRESENTATION CASE 1 15-year-old HIV infected male patient presented with features of heart failure and cardiac tamponade. The transthoracic echocardiogram showed pericardial effusion and a right atrioventricular mass. The resected tumour was confirmed to be diffuse large b-cell lymphoma on histopathology. Unfortunately, the patient died few hours after surgery. Case 2: 30-year-old HIV infected pregnant female presented with features of cardiac tamponade. The transthoracic echocardiogram showed pericardial effusion with right atrial mass. The resected tumour was confirmed to be Burkitt's lymphoma on histopathology. She was successfully treated with chemotherapy. CLINICAL DISCUSSION Cardiac lymphomas are rare with most cases diagnosed on autopsy. However, advances in diagnostic methods has increased antemortem diagnosis with subsequent optimal management. Majority of the cases are of B-cell lineage, although T-cell origin has been reported. CONCLUSION A high index of suspicion of cardiac lymphoma should be maintained in the right clinical setting in order to receive adequate attention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshawa Calvin Khaba
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dr George Mukhari Academic Laboratory, National Health Laboratory Service, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, South Africa
| | - Makenga Fidele Kampetu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, South Africa
| | - Mamokgethi Christina Rangaka
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, South Africa
| | - Mohamed Karodia
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, South Africa
| | - Shere Peter Ramoroko
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, South Africa
| | - Elelwani Innocentia Madzhia
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, South Africa
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Yu J, Zhao X, Liu Y, Yan Q, Miao F. The diagnosis of a giant cardiac malignant lymphoma in the right ventricle: a case report. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 8:1620-1626. [PMID: 33529498 PMCID: PMC8006622 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac lymphoma is extremely rare in patients with normal immune function and difficult to identify through routine examinations in patients with atypical clinical manifestations, making early diagnosis very difficult. We reported a 71‐year‐old male patient who was repeatedly diagnosed of pulmonary infection, suspected lung tumour, and Kimura disease in other hospital due to cough, expectoration, and dyspnoea. Later on, the patient visited our hospital due to heart failure and epistaxis. Transthoracic echocardiogram confirmed the presence of a space‐occupying lesion in the right heart, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging preliminarily determined the nature of this lesion, finally, 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron‐emission tomography/computed tomography, and nasal mass biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of cardiac malignant lymphoma, and the pathological type was diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafeng Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Middle Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Middle Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China
| | - Yingfeng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Middle Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China
| | - Qingwei Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Middle Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China
| | - Fei Miao
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Middle Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China
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Aranda-Michel E, Sultan I. Commentary: Primary cardiac lymphoma: Chasing rarity. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 164:583-584. [PMID: 33127086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.09.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Aranda-Michel
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Ibrahim Sultan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa; Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa.
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10
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Leef G, Gladstone DE, Cingolani O. ECMO Therapy for Cardiac Lymphoma. Circulation 2020; 142:1219-1223. [PMID: 32955940 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.047518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George Leef
- Divisions of Cardiology (G.L., O.C.), Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Oscar Cingolani
- Divisions of Cardiology (G.L., O.C.), Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
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11
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Casavecchia G, Lestuzzi C, Gravina M, Corrado G, Tusa M, Brunetti ND, Manuppelli V, Monte IP. Cardiac Tumors. J Cardiovasc Echogr 2020; 30:S45-S53. [PMID: 32566466 PMCID: PMC7293869 DOI: 10.4103/jcecho.jcecho_7_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac tumors (CTs) are extremely rare, with an incidence of approximately 0.02% in autopsy series. Primary tumors of the heart are far less common than metastatic tumors. CTs usually present with any possible clinical combination of heart failure, arrhythmias, or embolism. Echocardiography remains the first diagnostic approach when suspecting a CT which, on the other side, frequently appears unexpectedly during an echocardiographic examination. Yet, cardiac tomography and especially magnetic resonance imaging may offer several adjunctive opportunities in the diagnosis of CTs. Early and exact diagnosis is crucial for the following therapy and outcome of CTs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Lestuzzi
- Department of Cardiology, Aviano Hospital, Pordenone, Aviano, Italy
| | - Matteo Gravina
- Department of Radiology, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Tusa
- Department of Cardiology, Milano San Donato Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Ines Paola Monte
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgery Specialities, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Ng S, Krisnadi C, Low RJB, Yew MS. Tachy- and bradyarrhythmia as an initial presentation of human immunodeficiency virus-related primary cardiac lymphoma: a case report. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CASE REPORTS 2019; 3:1-7. [PMID: 31911982 PMCID: PMC6939799 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytz217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Primary cardiac lymphoma is defined as extranodal lymphoma involving the heart or pericardium. Common presentations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated cardiac lymphoma include heart failure, cardiac tamponade, and rhythm abnormalities. Arrhythmia is an uncommon presentation and treatment in young HIV patients is particularly challenging. We present a unique case of primary cardiac lymphoma in an HIV patient presenting with both symptomatic tachy- and bradyarrhythmias. Case summary A 27-year-old man presented with intermittent palpitations and chest pain for 2 weeks. He has a significant past history of advanced HIV. He was noted to have complete heart block on cardiac monitoring. Imaging showed a large mass in the right atrioventricular (AV) groove extending into the myocardium, associated with a moderate pericardial effusion. During his stay, he developed symptomatic tachy–brady arrhythmias, with intermittent junctional tachycardia, supraventricular tachycardia, and complete AV block. After a multidisciplinary team discussion, endomyocardial biopsy was performed under fluoroscopy and transthoracic echocardiography guidance. Histology from the interventricular septum was consistent with Epstein–Barr virus positive B-cell lymphoma. The patient was subsequently transferred to a tertiary hospital with cardiothoracic surgical support to initiate chemotherapy. Discussion To our knowledge, our patient is the first reported case of HIV-related primary cardiac lymphoma presenting with palpitations secondary to paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia with concomitant AV block. This case illustrates the utility of multi-modality imaging in the investigation of a cardiac mass and the importance of having a high index of suspicion for pathology, such as cardiac lymphoma in HIV patients complaining of apparently minor cardiac complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shonda Ng
- Department of Cardiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Cindy Krisnadi
- Department of Cardiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Randal Jun Bang Low
- Department of Cardiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Min Sen Yew
- Department of Cardiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore
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13
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Perrone MA, Intorcia A, Morgagni R, Marchei M, Sergi D, Pugliese L, Ferrante P, Chiocchi M, Borzi M, Romeo F. Primary cardiac lymphoma: the role of multimodality imaging. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2019; 19:455-458. [PMID: 29708910 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Luca Pugliese
- Department of Radiodiagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Ferrante
- Department of Radiodiagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Chiocchi
- Department of Radiodiagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Borzi
- Department of Cardiology and Interventional Cardiology
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Fukunaga H, Tatewaki Y, Mutoh T, Shimomura H, Yamamoto S, Terao C, Totsune T, Nakagawa M, Taki Y. A Case of Low-Grade Primary Cardiac Lymphoma with Pericardial Effusion Diagnosed by Combined 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography (FDG-PET/CT) Imaging and Effusion Cytology. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2018. [PMID: 29535291 PMCID: PMC5865403 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.908385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Female, 72 Final Diagnosis: Primary cardiac lymphoma Symptoms: Cardiac tamponade • dyspnea Medication: — Clinical Procedure: FDG-PET/CT scan Specialty: Nuclear Medicine
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisanori Fukunaga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Yasuko Tatewaki
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Mutoh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hideo Shimomura
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shuzo Yamamoto
- Sendai East Neurosurgical Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Sendai East Neurosurgical Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Chiaki Terao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tomoko Totsune
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Manabu Nakagawa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Taki
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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