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Rui M, Wang Z, Fei Z, Wu Y, Wang Y, Sun L, Shang Y, Li H. The Relationship Between Short-Term Surrogate Endpoint Indicators and mPFS and mOS in Clinical Trials of Malignant Tumors: A Case Study of Approved Molecular Targeted Drugs for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer in China. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:862640. [PMID: 35370659 PMCID: PMC8966682 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.862640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Due to the initiation of the priority review program in China, many antitumor drugs have been approved for marketing based on phase II clinical trials and short-term surrogate endpoint indicators. This study used approved targeted drugs for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in China as an example to evaluate the association between short-term surrogate endpoints [objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR)] and median progression-free survival (mPFS) and median overall survival (mOS). Methods: Five databases, i.e., MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Data were searched, for phase II or phase III clinical trials of all molecular targeted drugs that have been marketed in China for the treatment of NSCLC. After screening the literature and extracting information, both univariate and multivariate linear regression were performed on the short-term surrogate indicators and mPFS and mOS to explore the relationship. Results: A total of 63 studies were included (25 studies with only ORR, DCR, and mPFS and 39 studies with ORR, DCR, mPFS, and mOS). In terms of the targeted drugs for the treatment of NSCLC, in addition to the good but not excellent linear relationship between DCR and mOS (0.4 < R2adj = 0.5653 < 0.6), all other short-term surrogate endpoint indicators had excellent linear relationships with mPFS and mOS (R2adj≥0.6), while mPFS and mOS had the most excellent linear relationships (R2adj = 0.8036). Conclusion: For targeted drugs for the treatment of NSCLC, short-term surrogate endpoint indicators such as ORR and DCR may be reliable surrogate indicators for mPFS and mOS. However, whether short-term surrogate endpoint indicators can be used to predict final endpoints remains to be verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Rui
- School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zijing Wang
- School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengyang Fei
- School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Wu
- School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingcheng Wang
- School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Sun
- School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Shang
- School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongchao Li
- School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Wang Y, Yuan X, Yang M, Shen Z, Chen H, He X, Ma Y, Ding L. Efficacy of Icotinib, an EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Exon 19 Deletion and Exon 21 L858R: A Retrospective Analysis in China. Pharmacology 2021; 106:658-666. [PMID: 34673645 DOI: 10.1159/000519847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effect of icotinib on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR exon 19 deletions (19-Del) or L858R point mutation in exon 21 (21-L858R) remains inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of icotinib in patients with advanced NSCLC harboring these 2 EGFR mutations. METHODS We retrospectively assessed the clinical effects of first-line icotinib on advanced NSCLC patients with 2 classic EGFR mutations. Kinase activity assays were used to reaffirm the preclinical efficacy. RESULTS Among 2,757 patients, 2,365 (86%) harbored 19-Del (1,346/2,757, 49%) or 21-L858R (1,019/2,757, 37%) mutation. Patients with 19-Del had a higher response rate (ORR; 67.8 vs. 62.1%; p = 0.0039) and disease control rate (98.5 vs. 97.2%; p = 0.0223) than those with 21-L858R mutation. The median progression-free survival (PFS) in the 19-Del group (22.3 months, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 21.3-23.4) was significantly longer than that in the 21-L858R group (20.4 months, 95% CI: 19.5-21.7) (p = 0.004). In multivariate analysis, mutation types, clinical stage, and smoking history were significant factors for PFS. Additionally, an in vitro study indicated the 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of icotinib was lower for EGFR 19-Del than 21-L858R. CONCLUSION These results suggest that EGFR 19-Del confers superior PFS and response to the icotinib treatment compared to 21-L858R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Betta Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Min Yang
- Betta Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhilin Shen
- Betta Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China,
| | - Hui Chen
- Betta Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangbo He
- Betta Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongbin Ma
- Betta Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
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von Eyben FE, Kairemo K, Paller C, Hoffmann MA, Paganelli G, Virgolini I, Roviello G. 177Lu-PSMA Radioligand Therapy Is Favorable as Third-Line Treatment of Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9081042. [PMID: 34440246 PMCID: PMC8392412 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA), we aimed to assess the benefits and harms of third-line (L3) treatments in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Two reviewers searched for publications from 1 January 2006 to 30 June 2021. The review analyzed seven RCTs that included 3958 patients and eight treatments. Treatment with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-based radioligand therapy (PRLT) resulted in a 1.3-times-higher rate of median PSA decline ≥50% than treatment with abiraterone, enzalutamide, mitoxantrone, or cabazitaxel (p = 0.00001). The likelihood was 97.6% for PRLT to bring about the best PSA response, out of the examined treatments. PRLT resulted in a 1.1-times-higher six-month rate of median radiographic progression-free survival. Treatment with PRLT in the VISION trial resulted in 1.05-times-higher twelve-month median overall survival than L3 treatment with cabazitaxel in other RCTs. PRLT more often resulted in severe thrombocytopenia and less often in severe leukopenia than did cabazitaxel. In conclusion, for patients with mCRPC, L3 treatment with PRLT is highly effective and safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finn E. von Eyben
- Center for Tobacco Control Research, Birkevej 17, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Correspondence:
| | - Kalevi Kairemo
- Docrates Cancer Center, Saukanpaaderanta 2, 18000 Helsinki, Finland;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Channing Paller
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA;
| | - Manuela Andrea Hoffmann
- Department of Occupational Health & Safety, Federal Ministry of Defense, Fontaingraben 150, 53123 Bonn, Germany;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Guttenberg University in Mainz, Langenbeckerstrasse 15, 55101 Mainz, Germany
| | - Giovanni Paganelli
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura Tumori, IRST, Via Piero Maroncelli, 4704 Meldola, Italy;
| | - Irene Virgolini
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital in Innsbruck, Wilhelm-Geil Strasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Giandomenico Roviello
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Piazza S. Marco 4, 50121 Florence, Italy;
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Choi HD, Chang MJ. Eye, hepatobiliary, and renal disorders of erlotinib in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234818. [PMID: 32663210 PMCID: PMC7360022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Erlotinib is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors used to treat EGFR mutation positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Skin rash and diarrhea are well-known and common adverse events in patients receiving erlotinib, whereas other adverse events, including eye, liver, or renal disorders have not been evaluated adequately. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the ocular, hepatobiliary, and renal toxicities of erlotinib in patients with NSCLC cancers. Methods In total, sixty studies were assessed, and the results of the included studies were quantitatively integrated using meta-analysis. The incidence of ocular, hepatobiliary (alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and bilirubin elevations; other hepatic adverse events), and renal adverse events were estimated. Additionally, the erlotinib-treated groups and the control groups (placebo or other treatment) were compared with respect to ocular disorders and ALT elevation. The study protocol has been registered in the International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) CRD42018093758. Results The overall incidence of ocular disorders was 3.30% (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.20%–5.00%). The incidence of ALT elevation, bilirubin elevation, and other hepatobiliary disorders was 6.40% (95% CI 3.90%–10.4%), 3.80% (95% CI 2.30%–6.10%), and 1.00% (95% 0.60%–1.80%), respectively. The incidence of renal disorder was 3.10% (95% CI 1.90%–5.00%). The risk of ocular toxicity in the erlotinib treatment group was significantly increased (risk ratio = 2.91; 95% CI 1.70–4.98) compared to that in the control group. ALT elevation was not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion Based on the results, careful monitoring of ocular toxicity in patients receiving erlotinib should be recommended and closer monitoring of hepatic toxicity should be also recommended in patients with liver-related risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Duck Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Min Jung Chang
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicine and Regulatory Sciences, Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Igawa S, Ono T, Kasajima M, Kusuhara S, Otani S, Fukui T, Yokoba M, Kubota M, Katagiri M, Mitsufuji H, Sasaki J, Naoki K. Real-world assessment of afatinib for patients with EGFR-positive non-small cell lung cancer. Invest New Drugs 2020; 38:1906-1914. [PMID: 32415486 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-00948-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Afatinib is used to treat patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring common EGFR mutations; however, the clinicopathological factors that predict this drug's effectiveness in real-world settings remain unclear. We therefore evaluated the effectiveness of afatinib in such patients and assessed potential prognostic factors. Methods We retrospectively investigated patients with NSCLC who received first-line afatinib between July 2014 and August 2018. Variables (including sex, age, performance status, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, EGFR genotype, smoking status, clinical stage prior to treatment [stage IV vs.. postoperative recurrence], presence or absence of brain metastases, body surface area, any afatinib dose reductions, and afatinib starting dose [40 vs.. 20 or 30 mg]) were subjected to a Cox proportional hazards regression model to estimate progression-free survival (PFS). Results Forty-eight patients with a median age of 67 years were included; the objective response rate was 62.5% (30 patients). The median PFS was 14.1 months; the PFS periods were 11.8 and 15.9 months for patients receiving 40 mg versus 20-30 mg of afatinib (P = 0.41), respectively, and were 14.5 and 13.8 months for patients who required afatinib dose reduction and those who did not, respectively (P = 0.80). The PFS tended to be longer in patients without brain metastases (albeit not significantly). Ultimately, no significant predictive values for PFS were identified. Conclusions Afatinib is effective for patients with NSCLC harboring common EGFR mutations irrespective of their clinicopathological backgrounds. A direct comparison of afatinib and osimertinib in treatment-naïve patients is warranted to determine the optimal standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Igawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Sagamihara-City, Japan.
| | - Taihei Ono
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Sagamihara-City, Japan
| | - Masashi Kasajima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Sagamihara-City, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Kusuhara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Sagamihara-City, Japan
| | - Sakiko Otani
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Sagamihara-City, Japan
| | - Tomoya Fukui
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Sagamihara-City, Japan
| | - Masanori Yokoba
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Sagamihara-City, Japan
| | - Masaru Kubota
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Sagamihara-City, Japan
| | - Masato Katagiri
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Sagamihara-City, Japan
| | - Hisashi Mitsufuji
- Kitasato University School of Nursing, Kanagawa, Sagamihara-City, Japan
| | - Jiichiro Sasaki
- Kitasato University School of Medicine, Research and Development Center for New Medical Frontiers, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Sagamihara-City, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Naoki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Sagamihara-City, Japan
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Impact of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Invest New Drugs 2020; 38:885-893. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-00919-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Igawa S, Ono T, Kasajima M, Ishihara M, Hiyoshi Y, Kusuhara S, Nishinarita N, Fukui T, Kubota M, Sasaki J, Hisashi M, Yokoba M, Katagiri M, Naoki K. Impact of EGFR genotype on the efficacy of osimertinib in EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a prospective observational study. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:4883-4892. [PMID: 31213907 PMCID: PMC6549661 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s207170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: A T790M of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is the most frequently encountered mutation conferring acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of this study was to assess the differential clinical outcomes of osimertinib therapy in NSCLC patients with T790M according to the type of activating EGFR mutation, ie, exon 19 deletion or L858R point mutation. Patients and methods: A prospective observational cohort study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of osimertinib in patients with a major EGFR mutation and T790M-positive advanced NSCLC who had disease progression after first-line EGFR-TKI therapy. The efficacy of osimertinib was evaluated according to the type of EGFR mutation. Results: A total of 51 patients were included in this study. An objective response was obtained in 29 patients, indicating an objective response rate of 58.8%. The response rate was 69.7% in patients with exon 19 deletion and 38.9% in patients with L858R point mutation, indicating a statistically significant difference (P=0.033). The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of the entire patient population were 7.8 and 15.5 months, respectively. The median PFS in the exon 19 deletion and L858R point mutation groups was 8.0 months and 5.2 months, respectively, indicating a statistically significant difference (P=0.045). Median OS in the exon 19 deletion and L858R point mutation groups was significantly different at 19.8 months and 12.9 months, respectively (P=0.0015). Multivariate analysis identified the exon 19 deletion as a favorable independent predictor of PFS and OS. Conclusion: Investigators should consider the proportions of sensitive EGFR mutation types as a stratification factor in designing or reviewing clinical studies involving osimertinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Igawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara-city, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Taihei Ono
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara-city, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Kasajima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara-city, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mikiko Ishihara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara-city, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Hiyoshi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara-city, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Kusuhara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara-city, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Noriko Nishinarita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara-city, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoya Fukui
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara-city, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaru Kubota
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara-city, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jiichiro Sasaki
- Research and Development Center for New Medical Frontiers, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara-city, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mitsufuji Hisashi
- Kitasato University School of Nursing, Sagamihara-city, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masanori Yokoba
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara-city, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Masato Katagiri
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara-city, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Naoki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara-city, Kanagawa, Japan
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Brueckl WM, Achenbach HJ, Ficker JH, Schuette W. Erlotinib treatment after platinum-based therapy in elderly patients with non-small-cell lung cancer in routine clinical practice - results from the ElderTac study. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:333. [PMID: 29587656 PMCID: PMC5870245 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In this prospective non-interventional study, the effectiveness and tolerability of erlotinib in elderly patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after ≥1 platinum-based chemotherapy were assessed. Methods A total of 385 patients ≥65 years of age with advanced NSCLC receiving erlotinib were observed over 12 months. The primary endpoint was the 1-year overall survival (OS) rate. Results Patients were predominantly Caucasian (99.2%), a mean of 73 years old; 24.7% had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) ≥2. Most common tumor histologies were adenocarcinoma (64.9%) and squamous cell carcinoma (22.3%). Of 119 patients tested, 15.1% had an activating epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) mutation. The 1-year OS rate was 31% (95% CI 25–36) with a median OS of 7.1 months (95% CI 6.0–7.9). OS was significantly better in females than males (p = 0.0258) and in patients with an EGFR mutation compared to EGFR wild-type patients (p = 0.0004). OS was not affected by age (p = 0.3436) and ECOG PS (p = 0.5364). Patients with squamous NSCLC tended to live longer than patients with non-squamous EGFR wild-type tumors (median OS: 8.6 vs 5.5 months). Cough and dyspnea improved during the observation period. The erlotinib safety profile was comparable to that in previous studies with rash (45.2%) and diarrhea (22.6%) being the most frequently reported adverse events. Conclusions Erlotinib represents a suitable palliative treatment option in further therapy lines for elderly patients with advanced NSCLC. The results obtained under real-life conditions add to our understanding of the benefits and risks of erlotinib in routine clinical practice. Trial registration BfArM (https://www.bfarm.de; ML23023); ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01535729; 20 Feb 2012).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang M Brueckl
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Nuernberg, General Hospital Nuernberg, Prof.-Ernst-Nathan-Str. 1, Nuremberg, Germany.
| | - H Jost Achenbach
- Lung Clinic Lostau, Department of Thoracic Oncology, Lindenstr. 2, Lostau, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Joachim H Ficker
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Nuernberg, General Hospital Nuernberg, Prof.-Ernst-Nathan-Str. 1, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuette
- Hospital Martha-Maria Halle-Doelau, Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Röntgenstr. 1, Halle, Germany
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