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Theng EH, German A, Pan KS, Isaac S, Boyce AM, Collins MT. Periorbital inflammation associated with craniofacial fibrous dysplasia: Report of three cases and review of the literature. Bone 2021; 153:116157. [PMID: 34425287 PMCID: PMC8478882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a mosaic skeletal disorder in which the craniofacial bones are commonly affected. Normal structures are replaced by expansile, highly vascular, fibro-osseous tissue. The typical clinical course is a gradual, asymptomatic expansion of the osseous structures. However, in the periorbital region, even minor structural changes may cause functional impairment, such as diplopia and hyposmia. Furthermore, rapidly evolving secondary lesions, such as fluid-filled cysts, can sometimes develop. In the midface and periorbital regions, such acute change may be associated with severe pain, vision loss, and, signs of inflammation. Here we describe three patients with craniofacial FD who presented with recurrent episodes of periorbital inflammation mimicking orbital cellulitis. All presented with pain, edema, erythema, and warmth, with varying degrees of functional impairment. On imaging, all had cystic changes in the FD lesion, including two with aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs). Two were initially diagnosed with periorbital cellulitis and treated with antibiotics; in two, the radiographic findings were misdiagnosed as osteomyelitis. Recurrent episodes were recognized as not infectious and effectively managed with corticosteroids. Given the vascular nature of FD and the association of ABCs, it is likely the findings in these patients represent inflammation associated with vascular leak in the relatively confined space of the tissues overlying the periorbital bones. Recognition of this entity can lead to more rapid and appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth H Theng
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, Metabolic Bone Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Alina German
- Pediatric Department, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Kristen S Pan
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, Metabolic Bone Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Srugo Isaac
- Pediatric Department, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alison M Boyce
- Metabolic Bone Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Michael T Collins
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, Metabolic Bone Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.
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Song X, Li Z. Co-existing of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia and cerebrovascular diseases: a series of 22 cases and review of the literature. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:471. [PMID: 34736485 PMCID: PMC8567608 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-02102-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia is a fairly rare condition. Some literature have reported a few patients with craniofacial fibrous dysplasia suffering from vascular abnormalities. This study aimed to describe the possible coexistence of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia and cerebrovascular diseases for the first time. Method We retrospectively reviewed the 1175 patients with craniofacial fibrous dysplasia in Beijing Tiantan Hospital and the information of the 22 patients coexisted with cerebrovascular diseases were described. In addition, we performed a systematic review for cases of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia with vascular abnormalities. Result 22 out of 1175 patients (1.9%) were diagnosed with craniofacial fibrous dysplasia and cerebrovascular diseases including 9 intracranial aneurysms, 4 venous malformations, 2 arteriovenous malformations, 1 moyamoya disease, 2 intracranial venous stenosis and 4 cerebral ischemia with a mean age of 38.18 years old. Only 2 patients were managed surgically for craniofacial fibrous dysplasia and 6 patients were treated with neurosurgery for cerebrovascular diseases. 8 patients were closely followed and only 1 patient’s symptoms worsened. Conclusion Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia might cause constriction of the intracranial vessels and alteration of the overall hemodynamics of the intracranial vasculature resulting in various cerebrovascular diseases. Multimodal screening and examinations seems reasonable for patients with craniofacial fibrous dysplasia for throughout treatment and prognosis evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 119, Nansihuan xilu, Beijing, 100070, China.,China National Research Center for Neurological Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 119, Nansihuan xilu, Beijing, 100070, China. .,China National Research Center for Neurological Disease, Beijing, China.
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Pan KS, de Castro LF, Roszko KL, Greenberg ED, FitzGibbon EJ, Dufresne CR, Boyce AM, Collins MT. Successful Intravascular Treatment of an Intraosseous Arteriovenous Fistula in Fibrous Dysplasia. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 107:195-200. [PMID: 32556405 PMCID: PMC7449234 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00712-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a benign bone disease characterized by expansile lesions that typically stabilize with age. Rarely, FD can undergo malignant transformation, presenting with atypical, rapid growth and destruction of adjacent bone. Other potential causes of rapid FD expansion include secondary lesions, such as aneurysmal bone cysts. We describe a case of an aggressive occipital lesion that presented with pain associated with diplopia and tinnitus, raising concern for malignant transformation. A massive intraosseous arteriovenous fistula was identified giving rise to an anomalous vein coursing to the cavernous sinus with compression of the abducens nerve. The vascular anomaly was mapped and after embolization symptoms resolved; a biopsy with extensive genetic analyses excluded malignancy. The differential diagnosis for expanding FD lesions includes aggressive FD, malignant transformation, and secondary vascular anomalies. In cases when traditional radiographic and histologic assessments are nondescript, use of additional radiographic modalities and genetic analyses are required to make an accurate diagnosis and guide treatment. When vascular anomalies are suspected, detailed angiography with embolization is necessary to define and treat the lesion. However, to rule out malignant transformation, genetic screening is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen S Pan
- Skeletal Diseases and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Building 30, Room 207, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4320, USA.
| | - Luis F de Castro
- Skeletal Diseases and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Building 30, Room 207, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4320, USA
| | - Kelly L Roszko
- Skeletal Diseases and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Building 30, Room 207, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4320, USA
| | | | - Edmond J FitzGibbon
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Craig R Dufresne
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alison M Boyce
- Skeletal Diseases and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Building 30, Room 207, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4320, USA
| | - Michael T Collins
- Skeletal Diseases and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Building 30, Room 207, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4320, USA
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