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Carpenè S, Silvestri B, Bertinazzi M, Armato E, Amadori M, Spinato R, de Terlizzi F, Azzarello G. Electrochemotherapy as adjuvant treatment in a sinonasal mucosal melanoma in elderly patient: a case report. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 281:3853-3858. [PMID: 38634895 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-024-08606-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sinonasal Mucosal Melanoma (SNMM) is a rare but aggressive disease. Surgery with free margins, when feasible, is the treatment of choice. In the last three decades, electrochemotherapy (ECT) has emerged as a local ablative procedure, performed with the Cliniporator, for cutaneous and mucosal tumours of different histology. We present a case report of an ECT treatment performed by means of a new endoscopic electrode, on an elderly patient affected by primary SNMM. METHODS An 88-year-old man with a diagnosis of SNMM (cT4aN0M0)-Stage IV, of the left nasal fossa presented at our institution. Symptoms were epistaxis and complete left nasal obstruction. He refused sinonasal extended surgery and radiotherapy. He underwent a tumor debulking followed by ECT exclusively for symptom control, with palliative intent. RESULTS The patient underwent SNMM debulking under general anaesthesia, followed by ECT on tumour margins. After the procedure, he had been free from symptoms for 5 months, with a good quality of life. Local recurrence was controlled with a new local debulking and ECT procedure on margins. The patient remained symptom free for the next 4 months. Seventeen months after diagnosis, the patient is mild symptomatic for sinonasal disease. Therefore, he developed a systemic disease progression. CONCLUSIONS In our experience, ECT can be used as an adjuvant tool for symptom and local control in SNMM when extended surgery is out of curative intent or unfeasible. As expected, ECT does not appear to have any effect on systemic disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Carpenè
- Otolaryngology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Socio Sanitaria (AULSS) 3 Serenissima - Ospedale di Mirano, Venice, Italy
| | - Barbara Silvestri
- Oncology and Haematology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Socio Sanitaria (AULSS) 3 Serenissima - Ospedale di Mirano, Venice, Italy.
| | - Martina Bertinazzi
- Otolaryngology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Socio Sanitaria (AULSS) 3 Serenissima - Ospedale di Mirano, Venice, Italy
| | - Enrico Armato
- Otolaryngology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Socio Sanitaria (AULSS) 3 Serenissima - Ospedale di Mirano, Venice, Italy
| | - Maurizio Amadori
- Otolaryngology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Socio Sanitaria (AULSS) 3 Serenissima - Ospedale di Mirano, Venice, Italy
| | - Roberto Spinato
- Otolaryngology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Socio Sanitaria (AULSS) 3 Serenissima - Ospedale di Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Azzarello
- Oncology and Haematology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Socio Sanitaria (AULSS) 3 Serenissima - Ospedale di Mirano, Venice, Italy
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Dedeilia A, Lwin T, Li S, Tarantino G, Tunsiricharoengul S, Lawless A, Sharova T, Liu D, Boland GM, Cohen S. Factors Affecting Recurrence and Survival for Patients with High-Risk Stage II Melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:2713-2726. [PMID: 38158497 PMCID: PMC10908640 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-14724-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the current era of effective adjuvant therapies and de-escalation of surgery, distinguishing which patients with high-risk stage II melanoma are at increased risk of recurrence after excision of the primary lesion is essential to determining appropriate treatment and surveillance plans. METHODS A single-center retrospective study analyzed patients with stage IIB or IIC melanoma. Demographic and tumor data were collected, and genomic analysis of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples was performed via an internal next-generation sequencing (NGS) platform (SNaPshot). The end points examined were relapse-free survival (RFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), overall survival (OS), and melanoma-specific survival (MSS). Uni- and multivariable Cox regressions were performed to calculate the hazard ratios. RESULTS The study included 92 patients with a median age of 69 years and a male/female ratio of 2:1. A Breslow depth greater than 4 mm, a higher mitotic rate, an advanced T stage, and a KIT mutation had a negative impact on RFS. A primary lesion in the head and neck, a mitotic rate exceeding 10 mitoses per mm2, a CDH1 mutation, or a KIT mutation was significantly associated with a shorter DMFS. Overall survival was significantly lower with older age at diagnosis and a higher mitotic rate. An older age at diagnosis also had a negative impact on MSS. CONCLUSION Traditional histopathologic factors and specific tumor mutations displayed a significant correlation with disease recurrence and survival for patients with high-risk stage II melanoma. This study supported the use of genomic testing of high-risk stage II melanomas for prognostic prediction and risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Dedeilia
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thinzar Lwin
- Division of Surgical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Siming Li
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Tarantino
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Aleigha Lawless
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tatyana Sharova
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Liu
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Genevieve M Boland
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sonia Cohen
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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3
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Goh LY, Limbachia K, Moonim M, Morley AMS. Primary lacrimal sac melanoma: a case report describing the novel use of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for diagnosis, together with literature review and immunotherapy treatment update. Orbit 2024; 43:270-279. [PMID: 36069101 DOI: 10.1080/01676830.2022.2119264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Primary lacrimal sac melanoma (PLSM) is exceedingly rare and associated with high morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, PLSM often presents insidiously resulting in delayed detection and poor prognosis. A 69-year-old Black man was suspected of having a lacrimal sac tumour following presentation with a left sided watery eye, bloody tears, and a lacrimal mass. Due to the patient's implantable pacemaker, defibrillator, and high anticoagulation, an ultrasound-guided FNAC was performed instead of incisional biopsy, revealing a PLSM. Diagnosis was confirmed following complete tumour resection with free flap reconstruction and neck dissection. Unfortunately, disease progression ensued despite further neck dissection and three cycles of both pembrolizumab and iplimumab. This is the first description of FNAC to accurately diagnose PLSM and highlights its use as an accurate, rapid, and minimally invasive technique that may allow an earlier screening diagnosis of lacrimal sac tumours. We also discuss the outcome of immunotherapy in recent similar cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yen Goh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Ketan Limbachia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Mufaddal Moonim
- Department of Histopathology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Ana M S Morley
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
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4
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Stöth M, Scheich M, Hackenberg S, Scherzad A. [Diagnosis and therapy of sinonasal mucosal melanoma]. Laryngorhinootologie 2024; 103:59-69. [PMID: 38181776 DOI: 10.1055/a-2037-2954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Sinonasal mucosal melanoma (SNMM) is a rare and aggressive disease representing only 4% of all sinonasal malignancies and 1.4% of all melanomas. With an incidence of approximately 0.2 to 2 cases per million, the disease represents a very rare cancer type. As a result, there is a lack of data and most of the evidence for this highly aggressive disease is based on retrospective observations and analyses. The standard of care is radical tumor resection followed by an adjuvant radiotherapy. Nevertheless, the rate of local recurrence is high, up to 50%. In addition, the majority of patients (up to 70%) develop distant metastases during the course of their disease. Both contribute to the extremely poor prognosis of the disease. Mucosal melanomas (SM) and cutaneous melanomas (CM) behave differently with respect to biology, clinic presentation and prognosis. Compared to CM, survival rates are significantly lower for SM. The 5-year survival rate is around 25% in SNMM but 39-97% in cutaneous melanoma. Similar to CM, immune checkpoint inhibitors achieve promising results in SM. However, response rates are lower in SM compared to CM. The goal of this CME article is to provide an overview on biology, diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of SNMM.
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5
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Garousi M, Hariri R, Fadavi P, Yousefi T, Bayani R. Dramatic response to radiation of a sinus melanoma: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7037. [PMID: 36873064 PMCID: PMC9981578 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this report, we shared our experience in the treatment of a patient with unresectable sinonasal melanoma, in whom a complete radiographic response was seen after a course of conventional external beam radiotherapy. Given that local control has an important role in maintaining the quality of life of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Garousi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Ramyar Hariri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Pedram Fadavi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Tahere Yousefi
- Department of anatomical pathology, Amir Alam Hospital Tehran University of medical sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Bayani
- Radiation oncology department Hamadan university of medical sciences Hamadan Iran
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6
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Carbó-Bagué A, Rubió-Casadevall J, Puigdemont M, Sanvisens A, Oliveras G, Coll M, del Olmo B, Perez-Bueno F, Marcos-Gragera R. Epidemiology and Molecular Profile of Mucosal Melanoma: A Population-Based Study in Southern Europe. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030780. [PMID: 35159047 PMCID: PMC8833680 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary There are few population-based studies focused on the epidemiology of mucosal melanoma, a rare neoplasm. Its poor prognosis, the different etiology from cutaneous melanoma and the lack of effective treatment beyond corrective surgery, make the knowledge of the mutational profile of this type of cancer a useful tool in understanding its natural history and also for the investigation of new target therapies. The aim of our population-based study is to analyze the incidence and survival of mucosal melanoma, which mainly arises from the head and neck sphere, genitourinary tract and rectal area, and to carry out the mutational analysis of selected cases. We used the Girona Cancer Registry database, which registered all cancer cases in Girona, a province of Spain in southern Europe, during the period of 1994–2018. Abstract Background: Mucosal melanoma is a rare neoplasm on which few epidemiological population-based studies have been published. A good surgical approach is the standard treatment, but the prognosis is worse than that of skin melanoma. The analysis of mucosal melanoma’s mutational profile can help to develop target therapies in advanced disease or adjuvant settings. Methods: We analyzed the database of the Cancer Registry of Girona, a region located in the north-east of Spain, in the period of 1994–2018. We selected cases of primary invasive melanoma, excluding those located in the skin, eye, central nervous system and an unknown primary site. Epidemiological analysis included incidence and survival. Mutational profile analysis was performed with a custom gene panel. Results: Forty-two patients were identified: 14 (33%) had vulvar-vaginal melanoma, 15 (35.7%) had rectal melanoma, 12 (28.6%) had melanoma located in the head and neck sphere and 1 male patient had a urethral melanoma. European age-standardized incidence rates for vulvar-vaginal, rectal and head and neck melanoma were 0.09, 0.1 and 0.09 cases/100,000 inhabitant-years, respectively. Five-year observed survival rates were 37.5%, 20% and 25% for these types of cancers. NRAS Q61 was the most frequent mutation found. Conclusion: Our study confirms the steady incidence and low survival of mucosal melanomas in a region of southern Europe. NRAS and NF1 play a role in the molecular landscape of mucosal melanoma. MEK and PI3K/mTOR inhibitors could be reasonable treatment options and are being studied in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Carbó-Bagué
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Josep Trueta, Av. França S/N, 17007 Girona, Spain;
- Research Group on Descriptive Epidemiology, Genetics and Cancer Prevention, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Girona, Spain; (M.P.); (A.S.); (R.M.-G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-972-225834
| | - Jordi Rubió-Casadevall
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Josep Trueta, Av. França S/N, 17007 Girona, Spain;
- Research Group on Descriptive Epidemiology, Genetics and Cancer Prevention, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Girona, Spain; (M.P.); (A.S.); (R.M.-G.)
- School of Medicine, University of Girona (UdG), 17003 Girona, Spain;
| | - Montserrat Puigdemont
- Research Group on Descriptive Epidemiology, Genetics and Cancer Prevention, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Girona, Spain; (M.P.); (A.S.); (R.M.-G.)
- Epidemiology Unit and Girona Cancer Registry, Oncology Coordination Plan Department of Health Government of Catalonia, Catalan Institute of Oncology, 17004 Girona, Spain
| | - Arantza Sanvisens
- Research Group on Descriptive Epidemiology, Genetics and Cancer Prevention, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Girona, Spain; (M.P.); (A.S.); (R.M.-G.)
- Epidemiology Unit and Girona Cancer Registry, Oncology Coordination Plan Department of Health Government of Catalonia, Catalan Institute of Oncology, 17004 Girona, Spain
| | - Glòria Oliveras
- Pathology Department, Hospital Josep Trueta, Catalan Institute of Health, 17007 Girona, Spain; (G.O.); (F.P.-B.)
| | - Mònica Coll
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IDIBGI), 17190 Salt, Spain;
| | - Bernat del Olmo
- School of Medicine, University of Girona (UdG), 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IDIBGI), 17190 Salt, Spain;
| | - Ferran Perez-Bueno
- Pathology Department, Hospital Josep Trueta, Catalan Institute of Health, 17007 Girona, Spain; (G.O.); (F.P.-B.)
| | - Rafael Marcos-Gragera
- Research Group on Descriptive Epidemiology, Genetics and Cancer Prevention, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Girona, Spain; (M.P.); (A.S.); (R.M.-G.)
- School of Medicine, University of Girona (UdG), 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Epidemiology Unit and Girona Cancer Registry, Oncology Coordination Plan Department of Health Government of Catalonia, Catalan Institute of Oncology, 17004 Girona, Spain
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7
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Prognostic Roles of BRAF, KIT, NRAS, IGF2R and SF3B1 Mutations in Mucosal Melanomas. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092216. [PMID: 34571863 PMCID: PMC8468625 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic value of commonly recurrent mutations remains unclear in mucosal melanomas. METHODS Clinicopathologic parameters of 214 cases of mucosal melanomas diagnosed in 1989-2020 in several clinical institutions were analyzed. NRAS, KIT, BRAF, IGF2R and SF3B1 mutational analyses by Sanger sequencing and next generation sequencing-based assay were performed in a subset of cases. RESULTS Of the triple (BRAF, NRAS, NF1)-negative cases, APC, KIT and KRAS are detected mainly in sinonasal, vulvovaginal and anorectal melanomas, respectively. NRAS, KIT, BRAF, IGF2R and SF3B1 mutations are detected in 19% (37/198), 22% (44/197), 12% (25/201), 16% (22/138) and 15% (20/133) of cases, respectively. In univariate analyses, advanced stage (p = 0.016), 65 years or older (p = 0.048) and presence of ulceration (p = 0.027) are significantly correlated with worse overall survival (OS), respectively. NRAS mutation significantly correlates with worse OS (p = 0.028) and worse melanoma-specific survival (MSS) (p = 0.03) for all cases of mucosal melanomas. In multivariate analyses, NRAS mutation remains as an independent predictor of worse OS (p = 0.036) and worse MSS (p = 0.024). CONCLUSION NRAS mutation is a predictor of worse survival, independent of stage in mucosal melanomas. The significance of frequently mutated IGF2R in mucosal melanomas remains unclear.
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Ma Y, Xia R, Ma X, Judson-Torres RL, Zeng H. Mucosal Melanoma: Pathological Evolution, Pathway Dependency and Targeted Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:702287. [PMID: 34350118 PMCID: PMC8327265 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.702287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal melanoma (MM) is a rare melanoma subtype that originates from melanocytes within sun-protected mucous membranes. Compared with cutaneous melanoma (CM), MM has worse prognosis and lacks effective treatment options. Moreover, the endogenous or exogenous risk factors that influence mucosal melanocyte transformation, as well as the identity of MM precursor lesions, are ambiguous. Consequently, there remains a lack of molecular markers that can be used for early diagnosis, and therefore better management, of MM. In this review, we first summarize the main functions of mucosal melanocytes. Then, using oral mucosal melanoma (OMM) as a model, we discuss the distinct pathologic stages from benign mucosal melanocytes to metastatic MM, mapping the possible evolutionary trajectories that correspond to MM initiation and progression. We highlight key areas of ambiguity during the genetic evolution of MM from its benign lesions, and the resolution of which could aid in the discovery of new biomarkers for MM detection and diagnosis. We outline the key pathways that are altered in MM, including the MAPK pathway, the PI3K/AKT pathway, cell cycle regulation, telomere maintenance, and the RNA maturation process, and discuss targeted therapy strategies for MM currently in use or under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Ma
- Department of Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ronghui Xia
- Department of Oral Pathology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuhui Ma
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial - Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Robert L Judson-Torres
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Hanlin Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, China
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9
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RAGE Signaling in Melanoma Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238989. [PMID: 33256110 PMCID: PMC7730603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent progresses in its treatment, malignant cutaneous melanoma remains a cancer with very poor prognosis. Emerging evidences suggest that the receptor for advance glycation end products (RAGE) plays a key role in melanoma progression through its activation in both cancer and stromal cells. In tumors, RAGE activation is fueled by numerous ligands, S100B and HMGB1 being the most notable, but the role of many other ligands is not well understood and should not be underappreciated. Here, we provide a review of the current role of RAGE in melanoma and conclude that targeting RAGE in melanoma could be an approach to improve the outcomes of melanoma patients.
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10
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Teterycz P, Czarnecka AM, Indini A, Spałek MJ, Labianca A, Rogala P, Cybulska-Stopa B, Quaglino P, Ricardi U, Badellino S, Szumera-Ciećkiewicz A, Falkowski S, Mandala M, Rutkowski P. Multimodal Treatment of Advanced Mucosal Melanoma in the Era of Modern Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113131. [PMID: 33114734 PMCID: PMC7692305 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immunotherapy revolutionized the treatment of cutaneous melanoma and greatly improved treatment outcomes in this group of patients. Mucosal melanoma is a rare disease, biologically distinct from the cutaneous subtype. There is little real-world data on immunotherapy efficacy in mucosal melanoma. Therefore, we aimed to analyze and describe experiences in mucosal melanoma treatment in five high volume oncology centers in Europe. Furthermore, we evaluated if concomitant radiotherapy may improve the outcomes of these patients. We conclude that immunotherapy with anti-PD1 antibodies is a safe and effective treatment of mucosal melanoma. Concomitant radiotherapy may be beneficial in a selected subgroup of patients with advanced mucosal melanoma. Abstract Mucosal melanoma is a rare disease epidemiologically and molecularly distinct from cutaneous melanoma developing from melanocytes located in mucosal membranes. Little is known about its therapy. In this paper, we aimed to evaluate the results of immunotherapy and radiotherapy in a group of patients with advanced mucosal melanoma, based on the experience of five high-volume centers in Poland and Italy. There were 82 patients (53 female, 29 male) included in this retrospective study. The median age in this group was 67.5 (IQR: 57.25–75.75). All patients received anti-PD1 or anti-CTLA4 antibodies in the first or second line of treatment. Twenty-three patients received radiotherapy during anti-PD1 treatment. In the first-line treatment, the median progression-free survival (PFS) reached six months in the anti-PD1 group, which was statistically better than 3.1 months in the other modalities group (p = 0.004). The median overall survival (OS) was 16.3 months (CI: 12.1–22.3) in the whole cohort. Patients who received radiotherapy (RT) during the anti-PD1 treatment had a median PFS of 8.9 months (CI: 7.4–NA), whereas patients treated with single-modality anti-PD1 therapy had a median PFS of 4.2 months (CI: 3.0–7.8); this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.047). Anti-PD1 antibodies are an effective treatment option in advanced mucosal melanoma (MM). The addition of RT may have been beneficial in the selected subgroup of mucosal melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Teterycz
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.T.); (M.J.S.); (P.R.); (S.F.); (P.R.)
| | - Anna M. Czarnecka
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.T.); (M.J.S.); (P.R.); (S.F.); (P.R.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Alice Indini
- Melanoma Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, 24127 Bergamo, Italy; (A.I.); (A.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Mateusz J. Spałek
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.T.); (M.J.S.); (P.R.); (S.F.); (P.R.)
| | - Alice Labianca
- Melanoma Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, 24127 Bergamo, Italy; (A.I.); (A.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Pawel Rogala
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.T.); (M.J.S.); (P.R.); (S.F.); (P.R.)
| | - Bożena Cybulska-Stopa
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute—Oncology Center, Krakow Branch, 31-115 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic Clinic, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Umberto Ricardi
- Department of Oncology, Radiation Oncology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Serena Badellino
- Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Anna Szumera-Ciećkiewicz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Diagnostic Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Slawomir Falkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.T.); (M.J.S.); (P.R.); (S.F.); (P.R.)
| | - Mario Mandala
- Melanoma Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, 24127 Bergamo, Italy; (A.I.); (A.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Piotr Rutkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.T.); (M.J.S.); (P.R.); (S.F.); (P.R.)
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11
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Abstract
Mucosal melanoma is a rare variant of melanoma representing around 1% of total cases of melanoma diagnosed. The usual sites of mucosal involvement are the sino-nasal passages, the oral cavity, and less commonly the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It also has been reported to occur in vulvovaginal and anorectal mucosa. We present a rare case of mucosal melanoma that presented as recurrent epistaxis, headache, and sinus pressure. CT maxillofacial imaging revealed a large mass right nasal cavity. This was biopsied by ENT and shown to be mucosal melanoma. This was treated with palliative radiation followed by immunotherapy with nivolumab. Along with details of the case, we also discuss current treatment options with a focus on the role of immunotherapy and its efficacy in cases of head and neck mucosal melanoma. Our review of literature supports use of combination immunotherapy (including both nivolumab and ipilimumab) as it shows greater efficacy than either therapy alone. When combined with radiation therapy (RT) the overall response rate is improved and RT induces an abscopal effect; where benefits of RT are also seen at nonirradiated locations. In our patient, the use of radiation was essentially palliative as the patient was deemed to not be a surgical candidate. We discuss in our literature review the optimum timing of radiation in relation to definitive surgery or immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman J Sohal
- Internal Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA
| | - Sandeep Sohal
- Internal Medicine, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Ali Wazir
- Oncology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA
| | - Sam Benjamin
- Oncology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA
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Up-Regulation of PARP1 Expression Significantly Correlated with Poor Survival in Mucosal Melanomas. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051135. [PMID: 32380691 PMCID: PMC7290913 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Mucosal melanoma is rare and associated with poorer prognosis in comparison to conventional melanoma subtypes. Little is known about the prognostic significance as well as possible associations between PARP1 and immunologic response in mucosal melanoma. Methods: PARP1, PD-L1 and IDO1 immunostains were performed on 192 mucosal melanomas including 86 vulvar, 89 sinonasal, and 17 anorectal melanomas. Results: By Kaplan–Meier analyses, high PARP1 expression correlated with worse overall and melanoma-specific survival (log-rank p values = 0.026 and 0.047, respectively). Tumors with combined PARP1 and IDO1 high expression correlated with worse overall and melanoma-specific survival (p = 0.015, 0.0034 respectively). By multivariate analyses, high PARP1 expression remained a predictor of worse survival independent of stage. By Fisher’s exact test, high PARP1 expression correlated with highly mitogenic tumors (p = 0.02). High tumoral PD-L1 and IDO1 expression were associated with ulcerated primary tumors (p = 0.019, 0.0019, respectively). By linear regression analyses, correlations between PARP1 expression versus IDO1 expression (p = 0.0001) and mitotic index (p = 0.0052) were observed. Conclusion: Increased expression of PARP1 is an independent negative prognostic marker in mucosal melanomas. The association between PARP1 and IDO1 and their combined adverse prognostic role raise the potential of combined therapy in mucosal melanoma.
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