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Zhao S, Wang C, Luo H, Li F, Wang Q, Xu J, Huang Z, Liu W, Zhang W. A role for Retinoblastoma 1 in hindbrain morphogenesis by regulating GBX family. J Genet Genomics 2024:S1673-8527(24)00061-4. [PMID: 38570112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The hindbrain, which develops from the anterior end of the neural tube expansion, can differentiate into the metencephalon and myelencephalon, with varying sizes and functions. The midbrain-hindbrain boundary (MHB) and hindbrain myelencephalon/ventral midline (HMVM) are known to be the source of the progenitors for the anterior hindbrain and myelencephalon, respectively. However, the molecular networks regulating hindbrain morphogenesis in these structures remain unclear. In this study, we show that retinoblastoma 1 (rb1) is highly expressed at the MHB and HMVM in zebrafish. Knocking out rb1 in mice and zebrafish results in an enlarged hindbrain due to hindbrain neuronal hyperproliferation. Further study reveals that Rb1 controls the hindbrain morphogenesis by suppressing the expression of Gbx1/Gbx2, essential transcription factors for hindbrain development, through its binding to E2f3/Hdac1, respectively. Interestingly, we find that Gbx1 and Gbx2 are expressed in different types of hindbrain neurons, suggesting distinct roles in hindbrain morphogenesis. In summary, our study clarifies the specific role of RB1 in hindbrain neural cell proliferation and morphogenesis by regulating the E2f3-Gbx1 axis and the Hdac1-Gbx2 axis. These findings provide a research paradigm for exploring the differential proliferation of neurons in various brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- The Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Chen Wang
- The Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Haiping Luo
- The Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Feifei Li
- The Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- The Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Jin Xu
- The Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Zhibin Huang
- The Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Wei Liu
- The Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- The Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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Rojanaporn D, Chitphuk S, Iemwimangsa N, Chareonsirisuthigul T, Saengwimol D, Aroonroch R, Anurathathapan U, Hongeng S, Kaewkhaw R. Germline RB1 Mutation in Retinoblastoma Patients: Detection Methods and Implication in Tumor Focality. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:30. [PMID: 36173648 PMCID: PMC9527333 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.9.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The study aimed to generate a stepwise method to reduce the workload of full-scale RB1 sequencing for germline mutation screening in retinoblastoma (RB) patients. The implication of germline mutation in tumor focality was also determined in this study. Methods A stepwise method was created on the basis of "hotspot" exons analyzed using data on germline RB1 mutation in the RB1-Leiden Open Variation Database and then tested for mutation screening in the blood DNA of 42 patients with RB. The method was compared with the clinical next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel in terms of sequencing outcomes. The germline RB1 mutation was examined in association with multifocality in RB. Results Germline RB1 mutation was identified in 61% of all bilateral cases in the first step of the 3 stepwise method and in 78% and 89% for the two and three steps combined, respectively. NGS detected a mosaic variant of RB1 that was not detected by the first two steps and increased the sensitivity from 78% to 83%. Analysis of the relationship between mutation status and tumor focality indicated that multifocality in RB was dependent on germline RB1 mutation, confirming a higher tendency to have a germline RB1 mutation in patients with multifocal RB. Conclusions A 3 stepwise method reduces the workload needed for sequencing of the RB1 for bilateral cases. NGS outweighs conventional sequencing in terms of the identification of germline mosaic variants. Multifocal tumors in RB may be used to presume germline mutation. Translational Relevance The presence of "hotspot" exons of germline RB1 mutation in bilateral cases facilitates a mutation screening. However, when genetic testing is not available, multifocality in RB regardless of tumor laterality is predictive of germline RB1 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duangnate Rojanaporn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sermsiri Chitphuk
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nareenart Iemwimangsa
- Center for Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Takol Chareonsirisuthigul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Duangporn Saengwimol
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rangsima Aroonroch
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Usanarat Anurathathapan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rossukon Kaewkhaw
- Program in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
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