Intracholecystic papillary neoplasm of the gallbladder diagnosed during follow-up of Menetrier's disease: A case report

18 F-FDG PET/CT of Intracholecystic Papillary Neoplasm in Cystic Neck and Duct

ABSTRACT

We report 18 F-FDG PET/CT appearances of intracholecystic papillary neoplasm (ICPN) in the gallbladder neck and duct of a 74-year-old woman with a history of hepatitis B cirrhosis. The lesion presented with a large and sessile soft mass in the neck and duct of gallbladder with obvious glucose metabolism on PET/CT images, which was confirmed pathologically as ICPN (gastric foveolar type) with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. ICPN localized in the gallbladder neck and duct is extremely rare, and is easily misdiagnosed as gallbladder carcinoma. Our report aids in the application of PET/CT in the differential diagnosis of ICPN and guiding early surgery.

Extensively Invasive Gallbladder Cancer from Intracholecystic Papillary Neoplasm Treated with Pylorus-Preserving Pancreaticoduodenectomy and Extended Cholecystectomy: A Case Report and Literature Review

Background

Intracholecystic papillary neoplasm (ICPN) is a rare tumor first classified by the World Health Organization in 2010. ICPN is a counterpart of the intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas and intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct. Previous reports on ICPN are limited; thus, the diagnosis, surgical intervention, and prognosis are controversial. Here, we report an extensively invasive gallbladder cancer arising in ICPN treated with pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD) and extended cholecystectomy. Case Presentation. A 75-year-old man presented to another hospital with jaundice for 1 month. Laboratory findings showed elevated total bilirubin, 10.6 mg/dL and carbohydrate antigen 19-9, 54.8 U/mL. Computed tomography showed a well-enhanced tumor located in the distal bile duct and dilated hepatic bile duct. The gallbladder wall was thickened and homogeneously enhanced. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed a filling defect in the distal common bile duct, and intraductal ultrasonography showed a papillary tumor in the common bile duct, indicating tumor invasion of the bile duct subserosa. Subsequent bile duct brush cytology revealed adenocarcinoma. The patient was referred to our hospital for surgical treatment and underwent an open PPPD. Intraoperative findings showed a thickened and indurated gallbladder wall, suggesting concurrent gallbladder cancer; thus, the patient subsequently underwent PPPD and extended cholecystectomy. Histopathological findings confirmed gallbladder carcinoma originating from ICPN, which extensively invaded the liver, common bile duct, and pancreas. The patient started adjuvant chemotherapy (tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil) 1 month after surgery and had no recurrence at follow-up after 1 year.

Conclusions

Accurate preoperative diagnosis of ICPN, including the extent of tumor invasion is challenging. To ensure complete curability, the development of an optimal surgical strategy considering preoperative examinations and intraoperative findings is essential.

A Rare Finding of Incidental Intracholecystic Papillary Neoplasm Following Acute Cholecystitis Management

Intracholecystic papillary neoplasm (ICPN) is a grossly visible, mass-forming, noninvasive epithelial neoplasm arising from the mucosa and projecting into the lumen of the gallbladder. ICPN is a lesser-known tumor of the gallbladder lining, which although has a better prognosis compared to gallbladder adenocarcinoma carries the potential for metastatic transformation with spread to other organs. ICPN is found incidentally on imaging or during postop histological evaluation. However, we present a unique case of ICPN that was incidentally diagnosed in a 72-year-old Eastern European woman following cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis and was missed on preoperative imaging. Follow-up protocols of ICPN are poorly understood and vastly underreported. We discuss this patient's findings in light of current literary evidence available on ICPN and outline future directions for better clinical understanding. We also highlight the need for screening guidelines in light of known risk factors to better understand the natural history of the disease to prevent malignant transformation into invasive gallbladder carcinoma.

Bifocal intracholecystic tubulopapillary neoplasm: A rare and distinct tumor of the gallbladder

Intracholecystic papillary-tubular neoplasms are rare precancerous and polypoid lesions of the gallbladder, found in nearly 0.4% of cholecystectomy specimens. They follow the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. About half the cases are associated with invasive carcinoma. Their diagnosis relies on histopathological examination with extensive sampling of the surgical specimen.