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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Song J, Cheng X, Zhou C, Huang S, Zhao W, Zong Z, Yang L. Targeting the "tumor microenvironment": RNA-binding proteins in the spotlight in colorectal cancer therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111876. [PMID: 38493688 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and has the second highest mortality rate among cancers. The development of CRC involves both genetic and epigenetic abnormalities, and recent research has focused on exploring the ex-transcriptome, particularly post-transcriptional modifications. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are emerging epigenetic regulators that play crucial roles in post-transcriptional events. Dysregulation of RBPs can result in aberrant expression of downstream target genes, thereby affecting the progression of colorectal tumors and the prognosis of patients. Recent studies have shown that RBPs can influence CRC pathogenesis and progression by regulating various components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Although previous research on RBPs has primarily focused on their direct regulation of colorectal tumor development, their involvement in the remodeling of the TME has not been systematically reported. This review aims to highlight the significant role of RBPs in the intricate interactions within the CRC tumor microenvironment, including tumor immune microenvironment, inflammatory microenvironment, extracellular matrix, tumor vasculature, and CRC cancer stem cells. We also highlight several compounds under investigation for RBP-TME-based treatment of CRC, including small molecule inhibitors such as antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), siRNAs, agonists, gene manipulation, and tumor vaccines. The insights gained from this review may lead to the development of RBP-based targeted novel therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating the TME, potentially inhibiting the progression and metastasis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 MinDe Road, 330006 Nanchang, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Mingde Rd., Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 MinDe Road, 330006 Nanchang, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Mingde Rd., Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jingjing Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 MinDe Road, 330006 Nanchang, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Mingde Rd., Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; School of Ophthalmology and Optometry of Nanchang University, China
| | - Xifu Cheng
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry of Nanchang University, China
| | - Chulin Zhou
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Shuo Huang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Wentao Zhao
- The 3rd Clinical Department of China Medical University, 10159 Shenyang, China
| | - Zhen Zong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 MinDe Road, 330006 Nanchang, China.
| | - Lingling Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Mingde Rd., Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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Kondo N, Utsumi T, Shimizu Y, Takemoto A, Oh-hara T, Uchibori K, Subat-Motoshi S, Ninomiya H, Takeuchi K, Nishio M, Miyazaki Y, Katayama R. MIG6 loss confers resistance to ALK/ROS1 inhibitors in NSCLC through EGFR activation by low-dose EGF. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e173688. [PMID: 37917191 PMCID: PMC10807714 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.173688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy shows marked clinical efficacy in patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive (ALK+) and ROS proto-oncogene 1-positive (ROS1+) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), most of these patients eventually relapse with acquired resistance. Therefore, genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screening was performed using an ALK+ NSCLC cell line established from pleural effusion without ALK-TKI treatment. After 9 days of ALK-TKI therapy, sequencing analysis was performed, which identified several tumor suppressor genes, such as NF2 or MED12, and multiple candidate genes. Among them, this study focused on ERRFI1, which is known as MIG6 and negatively regulates EGFR signaling. Interestingly, MIG6 loss induced resistance to ALK-TKIs by treatment with quite a low dose of EGF, which is equivalent to plasma concentration, through the upregulation of MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. Combination therapy with ALK-TKIs and anti-EGFR antibodies could overcome the acquired resistance in both in vivo and in vitro models. In addition, this verified that MIG6 loss induces resistance to ROS1-TKIs in ROS1+ cell lines. This study found a potentially novel factor that plays a role in ALK and ROS1-TKI resistance by activating the EGFR pathway with low-dose ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Kondo
- Division of Experimental Chemotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Utsumi
- Division of Experimental Chemotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Shimizu
- Division of Experimental Chemotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Science, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Takemoto
- Division of Experimental Chemotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Oh-hara
- Division of Experimental Chemotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Uchibori
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, the Cancer Institute Hospital
| | - Sophia Subat-Motoshi
- Department of Pathology, the Cancer Institute Hospital, and
- Pathology Project for Molecular Targets, Cancer Institute, JFCR, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kengo Takeuchi
- Department of Pathology, the Cancer Institute Hospital, and
- Pathology Project for Molecular Targets, Cancer Institute, JFCR, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishio
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, the Cancer Institute Hospital
| | - Yasunari Miyazaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryohei Katayama
- Division of Experimental Chemotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Science, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Lomeli Martinez SM, Carrillo Contreras NG, Gómez Sandoval JR, Zepeda Nuño JS, Gomez Mireles JC, Varela Hernández JJ, Mercado-González AE, Bayardo González RA, Gutiérrez-Maldonado AF. Oral Pyogenic Granuloma: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16885. [PMID: 38069207 PMCID: PMC10706684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a benign vascular lesion found predominantly in the oral cavity. Characterized by rapid growth and propensity to bleed, PG presents diagnostic challenges due to its similarity and alarming proliferation. This narrative review synthesizes current knowledge on the epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and management of oral PG, with emphasis on recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. The epidemiology of the injury is meticulously analyzed, revealing a higher incidence in women and a wide range of ages of onset. It delves into the etiopathogenesis, highlighting the uncertainty surrounding the exact causal factors, although historical attributions suggest an infectious origin. It exhaustively analyzes the clinical and histopathological aspects of oral PG, offering information on its various presentations and the importance of an accurate diagnosis to guide effective treatment. It details treatment strategies, emphasizing the personalized approach based on individual patient characteristics. This comprehensive review consolidates current knowledge on oral PG, highlighting the need for further research to clarify its pathogenesis and optimize treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Monserrat Lomeli Martinez
- Department of Medical and Life Sciences, University of Guadalajara (CUCiénega-UdeG), 1115 Ave. Universidad, Ocotlán 47810, Jalisco, Mexico; (S.M.L.M.); (J.J.V.H.)
- Master of Public Health, Department of Wellbeing and Sustainable Development, University of Guadalajara (CUNorte-UdeG), 23 Federal Highway, Km. 191, Colotlán 46200, Jalisco, Mexico
- Periodontics Program, Department of Integrated Dentistry Clinics, University of Guadalajara (CUCS-UdeG), 950 Sierra Mojada, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (N.G.C.C.); (J.R.G.S.); (J.C.G.M.)
- Prostodontics Program, Department of Integrated Dentistry Clinics, University of Guadalajara (CUCS-UdeG), 950 Sierra Mojada, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Nadia Guadalupe Carrillo Contreras
- Periodontics Program, Department of Integrated Dentistry Clinics, University of Guadalajara (CUCS-UdeG), 950 Sierra Mojada, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (N.G.C.C.); (J.R.G.S.); (J.C.G.M.)
| | - Juan Ramón Gómez Sandoval
- Periodontics Program, Department of Integrated Dentistry Clinics, University of Guadalajara (CUCS-UdeG), 950 Sierra Mojada, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (N.G.C.C.); (J.R.G.S.); (J.C.G.M.)
- Research Institute of Dentistry, Department of Integrated Dentistry Clinics, University of Guadalajara (CUCS-UdeG), 950 Sierra Mojada, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - José Sergio Zepeda Nuño
- Microbiology and Pathology Department, Pathology Laboratory, University of Guadalajara (CUCS-UdeG), 950 Sierra Mojada, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Juan Carlos Gomez Mireles
- Periodontics Program, Department of Integrated Dentistry Clinics, University of Guadalajara (CUCS-UdeG), 950 Sierra Mojada, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (N.G.C.C.); (J.R.G.S.); (J.C.G.M.)
| | - Juan José Varela Hernández
- Department of Medical and Life Sciences, University of Guadalajara (CUCiénega-UdeG), 1115 Ave. Universidad, Ocotlán 47810, Jalisco, Mexico; (S.M.L.M.); (J.J.V.H.)
| | - Ana Esther Mercado-González
- Antiguo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, 777 Coronel Calderón, Guadalajara 44200, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Rubén Alberto Bayardo González
- Department of Integrated Dentistry Clinics, University of Guadalajara (CUCS-UdeG), 950 Sierra Mojada, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Adrián Fernando Gutiérrez-Maldonado
- Department of Medical and Life Sciences, University of Guadalajara (CUCiénega-UdeG), 1115 Ave. Universidad, Ocotlán 47810, Jalisco, Mexico; (S.M.L.M.); (J.J.V.H.)
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Cooper ID, Kyriakidou Y, Edwards K, Petagine L, Seyfried TN, Duraj T, Soto-Mota A, Scarborough A, Jacome SL, Brookler K, Borgognoni V, Novaes V, Al-Faour R, Elliott BT. Ketosis Suppression and Ageing (KetoSAge): The Effects of Suppressing Ketosis in Long Term Keto-Adapted Non-Athletic Females. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15621. [PMID: 37958602 PMCID: PMC10650498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Most studies on ketosis have focused on short-term effects, male athletes, or weight loss. Hereby, we studied the effects of short-term ketosis suppression in healthy women on long-standing ketosis. Ten lean (BMI 20.5 ± 1.4), metabolically healthy, pre-menopausal women (age 32.3 ± 8.9) maintaining nutritional ketosis (NK) for > 1 year (3.9 years ± 2.3) underwent three 21-day phases: nutritional ketosis (NK; P1), suppressed ketosis (SuK; P2), and returned to NK (P3). Adherence to each phase was confirmed with daily capillary D-beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) tests (P1 = 1.9 ± 0.7; P2 = 0.1 ± 0.1; and P3 = 1.9 ± 0.6 pmol/L). Ageing biomarkers and anthropometrics were evaluated at the end of each phase. Ketosis suppression significantly increased: insulin, 1.78-fold from 33.60 (± 8.63) to 59.80 (± 14.69) pmol/L (p = 0.0002); IGF1, 1.83-fold from 149.30 (± 32.96) to 273.40 (± 85.66) µg/L (p = 0.0045); glucose, 1.17-fold from 78.6 (± 9.5) to 92.2 (± 10.6) mg/dL (p = 0.0088); respiratory quotient (RQ), 1.09-fold 0.66 (± 0.05) to 0.72 (± 0.06; p = 0.0427); and PAI-1, 13.34 (± 6.85) to 16.69 (± 6.26) ng/mL (p = 0.0428). VEGF, EGF, and monocyte chemotactic protein also significantly increased, indicating a pro-inflammatory shift. Sustained ketosis showed no adverse health effects, and may mitigate hyperinsulinemia without impairing metabolic flexibility in metabolically healthy women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella D. Cooper
- Ageing Biology and Age-Related Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK; (Y.K.); (L.P.); (A.S.); (S.L.J.); (V.B.); (V.N.); (R.A.-F.); (B.T.E.)
| | - Yvoni Kyriakidou
- Ageing Biology and Age-Related Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK; (Y.K.); (L.P.); (A.S.); (S.L.J.); (V.B.); (V.N.); (R.A.-F.); (B.T.E.)
| | - Kurtis Edwards
- Cancer Biomarkers and Mechanisms Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK;
| | - Lucy Petagine
- Ageing Biology and Age-Related Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK; (Y.K.); (L.P.); (A.S.); (S.L.J.); (V.B.); (V.N.); (R.A.-F.); (B.T.E.)
| | - Thomas N. Seyfried
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA; (T.N.S.); (T.D.)
| | - Tomas Duraj
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA; (T.N.S.); (T.D.)
| | - Adrian Soto-Mota
- Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine, Mexico City 14380, Mexico
| | - Andrew Scarborough
- Ageing Biology and Age-Related Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK; (Y.K.); (L.P.); (A.S.); (S.L.J.); (V.B.); (V.N.); (R.A.-F.); (B.T.E.)
| | - Sandra L. Jacome
- Ageing Biology and Age-Related Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK; (Y.K.); (L.P.); (A.S.); (S.L.J.); (V.B.); (V.N.); (R.A.-F.); (B.T.E.)
| | - Kenneth Brookler
- Retired former Research Collaborator, Aerospace Medicine and Vestibular Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA;
| | - Valentina Borgognoni
- Ageing Biology and Age-Related Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK; (Y.K.); (L.P.); (A.S.); (S.L.J.); (V.B.); (V.N.); (R.A.-F.); (B.T.E.)
| | - Vanusa Novaes
- Ageing Biology and Age-Related Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK; (Y.K.); (L.P.); (A.S.); (S.L.J.); (V.B.); (V.N.); (R.A.-F.); (B.T.E.)
| | - Rima Al-Faour
- Ageing Biology and Age-Related Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK; (Y.K.); (L.P.); (A.S.); (S.L.J.); (V.B.); (V.N.); (R.A.-F.); (B.T.E.)
| | - Bradley T. Elliott
- Ageing Biology and Age-Related Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK; (Y.K.); (L.P.); (A.S.); (S.L.J.); (V.B.); (V.N.); (R.A.-F.); (B.T.E.)
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Grigoraș A, Amalinei C. Multi-Faceted Role of Cancer-Associated Adipocytes in Colorectal Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2401. [PMID: 37760840 PMCID: PMC10525260 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed types of cancer, especially in obese patients, and the second cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Based on these data, extensive research has been performed over the last decades to decipher the pivotal role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and its cellular and molecular components in CRC development and progression. In this regard, substantial progress has been made in the identification of cancer-associated adipocytes' (CAAs) characteristics, considering their active role in the CCR tumor niche, by releasing a panel of metabolites, growth factors, and inflammatory adipokines, which assist the cancer cells' development. Disposed in the tumor invasion front, CAAs exhibit a fibroblastic-like phenotype and establish a bidirectional molecular dialogue with colorectal tumor cells, which leads to functional changes in both cell types and contributes to tumor progression. CAAs also modulate the antitumor immune cells' response and promote metabolic reprogramming and chemotherapeutic resistance in colon cancer cells. This review aims to report recent cumulative data regarding the molecular mechanisms of CAAs' differentiation and their activity spectrum in the TME of CRC. A better understanding of CAAs and the molecular interplay between CAAs and tumor cells will provide insights into tumor biology and may open the perspective of new therapeutic opportunities in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Grigoraș
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Histopathology, Institute of Legal Medicine, 700455 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cornelia Amalinei
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Histopathology, Institute of Legal Medicine, 700455 Iasi, Romania
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6
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Mezher M, Abdallah S, Ashekyan O, Shoukari AA, Choubassy H, Kurdi A, Temraz S, Nasr R. Insights on the Biomarker Potential of Exosomal Non-Coding RNAs in Colorectal Cancer: An In Silico Characterization of Related Exosomal lncRNA/circRNA–miRNA–Target Axis. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071081. [PMID: 37048155 PMCID: PMC10093117 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancer types, ranking third after lung and breast cancers. As such, it demands special attention for better characterization, which may eventually result in the development of early detection strategies and preventive measures. Currently, components of bodily fluids, which may reflect various disease states, are being increasingly researched for their biomarker potential. One of these components is the circulating extracellular vesicles, namely, exosomes, which are demonstrated to carry various cargo. Of importance, the non-coding RNA cargo of circulating exosomes, especially long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and micro RNAs (miRNAs), may potentially serve as significant diagnostic and prognostic/predictive biomarkers. In this review, we present existing evidence on the diagnostic and prognostic/predictive biomarker value of exosomal non-coding RNAs in CRC. In addition, taking advantage of the miRNA sponging functionality of lncRNAs and circRNAs, we demonstrate an experimentally validated CRC exosomal non-coding RNA-regulated target gene axis benefiting from published miRNA sponging studies in CRC. Hence, we present a set of target genes and pathways downstream of the lncRNA/circRNA–miRNA–target axis along with associated significant Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, which may collectively serve to better characterize CRC and shed light on the significance of exosomal non-coding RNAs in CRC diagnosis and prognosis/prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mezher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Samira Abdallah
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Ohanes Ashekyan
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Ayman Al Shoukari
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Hayat Choubassy
- Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon
| | - Abdallah Kurdi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Sally Temraz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Rihab Nasr
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
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7
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Wu CWK, Reid M, Leedham S, Lui RN. The emerging era of personalized medicine in advanced colorectal cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:1411-1425. [PMID: 35815339 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a genetically heterogeneous disease with its pathogenesis often driven by varying genetic or epigenetic alterations. This has led to a substantial number of patients developing chemoresistance and treatment failure, resulting in a high mortality rate for advanced disease. Deep molecular analysis has allowed for the discovery of key intestinal signaling pathways which impacts colonic epithelial cell fate, and the integral role of the tumor microenvironment on cancer growth and dissemination. Through transitioning pre-clinical knowledge in research into clinical practice, many potential druggable targets within these pathways have been discovered in the hopes of overcoming the roadblocks encountered by conventional therapies. A personalized approach tailoring treatment according to the histopathological and molecular features of individual tumors can hopefully translate to better patient outcomes, and reduce the rate of recurrence in patients with advanced CRC. Herein, the latest understanding on the molecular science behind CRC tumorigenesis, and the potential treatment targets currently at the forefront of research are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia W K Wu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Madeleine Reid
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon Leedham
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rashid N Lui
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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8
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Relationship between VEGF Family Members, Their Receptors and Cell Death in the Neoplastic Transformation of Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063375. [PMID: 35328794 PMCID: PMC8952321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer death in the world. Both modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors play a significant role in the pathogenesis of this tumor. The diagnosis is usually made late due to limitations of screening tests; therefore, the scientists are looking for new diagnostic tools such as gene or miRNA expression or different proteins’ concentrations, e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family members. The VEGF family (VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D and PlGF) plays a key role in the processes of blood vessel formation in embryonic development as well as in pathological angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, which allow the tumor to grow exponentially. Blockage of VEGF-related pathways seems to be a valid therapeutic target. It was suggested in recent studies, that besides already used drugs, e.g., bevacizumab, there are other agents with potential usefulness in anticancer activity such as miRNAs, TMEA, granzyme K, baicalein and arginine. Moreover, VEGF proteins were assessed to induce the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins such as BCL-2 and BAX. Therefore, investigations concerning the usefulness of VEGF family members, not only in the development but also in the therapy of CRC, in order to fully elucidate their role in carcinogenesis, are extremely important.
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Chen X, Ma L, Liu X, Wang J, Li Y, Xie Q, Liang J. Clostridium butyricum alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis and promotes intestinal lymphatic vessel regeneration in mice. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:341. [PMID: 35434001 PMCID: PMC9011313 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is the most common precancerous lesion of colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC). Studies have confirmed that pathological changes in intestinal lymphatic vessels (LVs) significantly promoted the development of IBD-associated carcinogenesis. An imbalance in the microecology of the intestinal flora is a key factor in the progression of IBD. As a result, therapeutic techniques that focus on the relationship between LV regeneration and flora management might be a potential treatment strategy. Methods We investigated the role of Clostridium butyricum (C butyricum) in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced IBD mouse model. Balb/c mice were given 3% DSS in their drinking water for 8 days to produce acute colitis and simultaneously administrated with C butyricum for 12 days. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to evaluate the degree of colitis tissue damage. Levels of the lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC)-specific marker LYVE-1 and intestinal expressions of pro-lymphatic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and VEGF-D were determined using immunohistochemical assays. Results In a DSS-induced IBD mouse model, we found that butyric acid-producing C butyricum significantly reduced disease activity index (DAI) scores in mice, reversed the shortening of the colon, weakened the degree of damage to colonic epithelial tissues, inhibited lymphocyte infiltration, and reduced pathological damage to the colon. To our knowledge, this is the first time that tissue expressions of LYVE-1, VEGF-C, and VEGF-D have been seen to increase in IBD-model mice after treatment with C butyricum. Conclusions Our findings suggest that C butyricum might alleviate IBD in DSS-induced IBD-model mice by promoting intestinal LV regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China.,Department of Oncology, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Qi Xie
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China
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