Development, efficacy and side effects of antibody‑drug conjugates for cancer therapy (Review)

Design, synthesis and bioactivity evaluation of novel monomethyl auristatin F analogues

Monomethyl auristatin F (MMAF), a synthetic analogue of the natural compound dolastatin 10, has garnered significant attention in cancer research due to its high potency in vitro. While previous studies have focused on modifying the N-terminal extension of the amino group and the C-terminal modification of the carboxyl group, there has been limited exploration into modifying the P1 and P5 side chains. In this study, we substituted the valine residue at the P1 position with various natural or unnatural amino acids and introduced triazole functional groups at the P5 side chain. Compounds 11k and 18d exhibited excellent inhibition on tubulin. Additionally, compound 18d demonstrated enhanced cytotoxicity against HCT116 cells compared to the parent compound MMAF, suggesting its potential as a cytotoxic payload for further antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) development.

The Fundamental Role of Oxime and Oxime Ether Moieties in Improving the Physicochemical and Anticancer Properties of Structurally Diverse Scaffolds

The present review explores the critical role of oxime and oxime ether moieties in enhancing the physicochemical and anticancer properties of structurally diverse molecular frameworks. Specific examples are carefully selected to illustrate the distinct contributions of these functional groups to general strategies for molecular design, modulation of biological activities, computational modeling, and structure-activity relationship studies. An extensive literature search was conducted across three databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scifinder, enabling us to create one of the most comprehensive overviews of how oximes and oxime ethers impact antitumor activities within a wide range of structural frameworks. This search focused on various combinations of keywords or their synonyms, related to the anticancer activity of oximes and oxime ethers, structure-activity relationships, mechanism of action, as well as molecular dynamics and docking studies. Each article was evaluated based on its scientific merit and the depth of the study, resulting in 268 cited references and more than 336 illustrative chemical structures carefully selected to support this analysis. As many previous reviews focus on one subclass of this extensive family of compounds, this report represents one of the rare and fully comprehensive assessments of the anticancer potential of this group of molecules across diverse molecular scaffolds.