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Gross C, Guérin LP, Socol BG, Germain L, Guérin SL. The Ins and Outs of Clusterin: Its Role in Cancer, Eye Diseases and Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13182. [PMID: 37685987 PMCID: PMC10488069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU) is a glycoprotein originally discovered in 1983 in ram testis fluid. Rapidly observed in other tissues, it was initially given various names based on its function in different tissues. In 1992, it was finally named CLU by consensus. Nearly omnipresent in human tissues, CLU is strongly expressed at fluid-tissue interfaces, including in the eye and in particular the cornea. Recent research has identified different forms of CLU, with the most prominent being a 75-80 kDa heterodimeric protein that is secreted. Another truncated version of CLU (55 kDa) is localized to the nucleus and exerts pro-apoptotic activities. CLU has been reported to be involved in various physiological processes such as sperm maturation, lipid transportation, complement inhibition and chaperone activity. CLU was also reported to exert important functions in tissue remodeling, cell-cell adhesion, cell-substratum interaction, cytoprotection, apoptotic cell death, cell proliferation and migration. Hence, this protein is sparking interest in tissue wound healing. Moreover, CLU gene expression is finely regulated by cytokines, growth factors and stress-inducing agents, leading to abnormally elevated levels of CLU in many states of cellular disturbance, including cancer and neurodegenerative conditions. In the eye, CLU expression has been reported as being severely increased in several pathologies, such as age-related macular degeneration and Fuch's corneal dystrophy, while it is depleted in others, such as pathologic keratinization. Nevertheless, the precise role of CLU in the development of ocular pathologies has yet to be deciphered. The question of whether CLU expression is influenced by these disorders or contributes to them remains open. In this article, we review the actual knowledge about CLU at both the protein and gene expression level in wound healing, and explore the possibility that CLU is a key factor in cancer and eye diseases. Understanding the expression and regulation of CLU could lead to the development of novel therapeutics for promoting wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Gross
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.G.); (B.G.S.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | | | - Bianca G. Socol
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.G.); (B.G.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Lucie Germain
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.G.); (B.G.S.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sylvain L. Guérin
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.G.); (B.G.S.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Shen GN, Liu L, Feng L, Jin Y, Jin MH, Han YH, Jin CH, Jin YZ, Lee DS, Kwon TH, Cui YD, Sun HN. Knockdown of peroxiredoxin V increases glutamate‑induced apoptosis in HT22 hippocampal neuron cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7827-7834. [PMID: 29620243 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
High concentrations of glutamate may mediate neuronal cell apoptosis by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Peroxiredoxin V (Prx V), a member of the Prx family, serves crucial roles in protecting cells from oxidative stress. The present study investigated the regulatory effect of Prx V on glutamate‑induced effects on viability and apoptosis in HT22 cells. Western blotting was used for protein expression analysis and Annexin V/PI staining and flow cytometry for determination of apoptosis. The results demonstrated that glutamate may ROS‑dependently increase HT22 cell apoptosis and upregulate Prx V protein levels. Furthermore, knockdown of Prx V protein expression with a lentivirus significantly enhanced HT22 cell apoptosis mediated by glutamate, which was reversed by inhibition of ROS with N‑acetyl‑L‑cysteine. Inhibiting the extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway with PD98059, a specific inhibitor for ERK phosphorylation, markedly decreased glutamate‑induced HT22 cell apoptosis in Prx V knockdown cells, indicating the potential involvement of ERK signaling in glutamate‑induced HT22 cell apoptosis. In addition, an increase in nuclear apoptosis‑inducing factor was observed in Prx V knockdown HT22 cells following glutamate treatment, compared with mock cells, whereas no differences in B‑cell lymphoma‑2 and cleaved‑caspase‑3 protein expression levels were observed between mock and Prx V knockdown cells. The results of the present study indicated that Prx V may have potential as a therapeutic molecular target for glutamate‑induced neuronal cell death and provide novel insight into the role of Prx V in oxidative‑stress induced neuronal cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Nan Shen
- Department of Disease Model Animal Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Disease Model Animal Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Li Feng
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, P.R. China
| | - Yu Jin
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Histology, Yanbian University Health Science Center, Yanji, Jilin 133000, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Hua Jin
- Department of Disease Model Animal Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Hao Han
- Department of Disease Model Animal Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Hao Jin
- Department of Disease Model Animal Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Zhe Jin
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Histology, Yanbian University Health Science Center, Yanji, Jilin 133000, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Soek Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, KNU Creative Bio Research Group (BK21 Plus Project), Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Ho Kwon
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Dong Cui
- Department of Disease Model Animal Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Hu-Nan Sun
- Department of Disease Model Animal Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
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Clusterin inhibition mediates sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in human cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2017; 28:702-716. [PMID: 28471806 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1983, the protein clusterin (CLU) has been isolated from almost all human tissues and fluids and linked to the development of different physiopathological processes, including carcinogenesis and tumor progression. During the last few years, several studies have shown the cytoprotective role of secretory CLU in tumor cells, inhibiting their apoptosis and enhancing their resistance to conventional treatments including hormone depletion, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. In an effort to determine the therapeutic potential that the inhibition of this protein could have on the development of new strategies for cancer treatment, numerous studies have been carried out in this field, with results, in most cases, satisfactory but sometimes contradictory. In this document, we summarize for the first time the current knowledge of the effects that CLU inhibition has on sensitizing tumor cells to conventional cancer treatments and discuss its importance in the development of new strategies against cancer.
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Chen M, Lv JM, Ye JQ, Cui XG, Qu FJ, Chen L, Liu X, Pan XW, Li L, Huang H, Yang QW, Chen J, Wang LH, Gao Y, Xu DF. Disruption of serine/threonine protein phosphatase 5 inhibits tumorigenesis of urinary bladder cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:39-48. [PMID: 28534961 PMCID: PMC5467789 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 5 (PPP5C) is a member of the protein serine/threonine phosphatase family and has been shown to participate in multiple signaling cascades and tumor progression. We found that PPP5C was highly expressed in bladder cancer tissues compared to normal urothelial tissues, and positively correlated to tumor stages through ONCOMINE microarray data mining. Knockdown of PPP5C via a lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA (shRNA) markedly inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation. Flow cytometric analysis showed that PPP5C-deficient T24 and BT5637 bladder cancer cells were arrested in G0/G1 phase and induced apoptosis. In addition, tumor growth was inhibited in vivo in a xenograft nude mouse model. Further studies indicated that knockdown of PPP5C downregulated c-myc and CDK4, whereas upregulated p27, BAD and Beclin1. These results suggest that PPP5C is associated with bladder cancer (BCa) and plays an oncogenic role in the development and progression of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Min Lv
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Qing Ye
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 201805, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Gang Cui
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 201805, P.R. China
| | - Fa-Jun Qu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 201805, P.R. China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Wu Pan
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Wei Yang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Hui Wang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Dan-Feng Xu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
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Ren L, Yang X, Zhao L, Zhang H, Wang J. Evaluation of Su Fu'ning Lotion's Inhibitory Effects on Bladder Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo by Intravesical Instillation. Integr Cancer Ther 2015; 15:80-6. [PMID: 26315609 DOI: 10.1177/1534735415596569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer is a common malignant tumor with a very high recurrence rate after surgery. Intravesical instillation can help clear up the residual tumor cells after surgery and thereby reduce the recurrence rate. OBJECTIVE To establish a bladder tumor transplantation animal model and to evaluate the inhibitory effects of a novel perfusate, Su Fu'ning Lotion (SFN), on bladder tumor. METHODS SFN was compared with several commonly used chemotherapy drugs, including mitomycin (MMC) and pirarubicin (THP) for anticancer effects on the bladder cancer cell lines T24, BTT, and BIU-87 and SFN half inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were determined after 48 hours of treatment. In addition, bladder cancer orthotopic transplantation tumor models were established in BALB/C nude mice and T739 mice, and SFN anticancer effects were assessed in vivo, with normal saline and MMC as negative and positive controls, respectively. RESULTS SFN, MMC, and THP were all lethal to bladder cancer cells, in vitro, with SFN and THP significantly superior to MMC. IC50 values for SFN were 13.22, 11.22, and 12.5 µg/mL on T24, BTT, and BIU-87 cells, respectively. In vivo, SFN significantly reduced the mouse bladder wet weight and prolonged the animal survival compared with controls (P < .05), suggesting that SFN significantly inhibited T24/BTT cell growth in mice. CONCLUSION SFN inhibited the bladder cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo and significantly prolonged the survival of mice with bladder cancer xenografts, indicating that SFN could be used as a perfusate after surgery for removal of residual bladder cancers cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xihua Yang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Shanxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Fu Y, Lai Y, Liu J, Liu X, You Z, Yang G. Lentivirus-mediated shRNA interference of clusterin blocks proliferation, motility, invasion and cell cycle in the ovarian cancer cells. J Ovarian Res 2015; 8:59. [PMID: 26293319 PMCID: PMC4546134 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-015-0173-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In a previous analysis on the patients with ovarian cancers, we have found that clusterin is a biomarker associated with ovarian cancer in vivo and may be a prognostic factor associated with adverse outcome. Here, we explored the effect of lentivirus-mediated shRNA interference of clusterin, investigated whether clusterin was associated with adverse outcome of ovarian cancer cells in vitro. Methods OVCAR-3 and TOV-21G cell lines were infected with the lentivirus for delivering clusterin shRNA, and the stably transfected cells were selected. The effect of clusterin silencing was detected by western blotting assay. The proliferation, clonability, migration, invasion and cell cycle of two cell lines were detected separately by MTT assay, clone formation assay, scratch assay, transwell assay and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Results Following clusterin silencing with shRNA, the expression of clusterin in two cell lines were decreased. And the proliferation, clonability, migration, invasion of these two cell lines were down-regulated apparently. The cell cycle of two cell lines was disturbed, cells in G1 phase was increased, but cells in G2 and S phase was decreased. Conclusions The expression of clusterin is significantly correlated with the biological characteristics of ovarian cancer cells, it may be a potential molecular for ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Fu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yingrong Lai
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xingyang Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zeshan You
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Guofen Yang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Secreted clusterin (sCLU) regulates cell proliferation and chemosensitivity to cisplatin by modulating ERK1/2 signals in human osteosarcoma cells. World J Surg Oncol 2014; 12:255. [PMID: 25106434 PMCID: PMC4249734 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-12-255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have shown that secreted clusterin (sCLU) up-regulation in
multi-drug resistant osteosarcoma (OS) cells relates to enhanced drug resistance.
Furthermore, sCLU silencing directed against sCLU induces significant reduction of
cellular growth and sensitizes OS cells to chemotherapy. However, the molecular
mechanisms underlying the effect of sCLU on OS cells are not known. Methods To evaluate the roles and possible mechanisms of sCLU in chemoresistance of OS
cells to cisplatin (DPP), we utilized RNA interference to knockdown sCLU
expression in the sCLU-rich U-2 OS cells and to overexpress sCLU in the
sCLU-poorer KH OS cells, and further assessed the cell viability and
chemosensitivity to DDP as well as possible signaling transduction
pathways. Results The data showed that sCLU depletion inhibited growth and sensitized sCLU-rich
U-2 OS cells to cisplatin in vitro and
in vivo by inducing inactivation of ERK1/2,
and sCLU overexpression promoted growth and increased resistance of sCLU-less KH
OS cells to cisplatin in vitro and in vivo by activation of ERK1/2. Conclusions The data also suggests critical roles of sCLU in OS cell chemoresistance to
DPP and raises the possibility of sCLU depletion as a promising approach to OS
therapy.
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