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Lotfi M, Maharati A, Hamidi AA, Taghehchian N, Moghbeli M. MicroRNA-532 as a probable diagnostic and therapeutic marker in cancer patients. Mutat Res 2024; 829:111874. [PMID: 38986233 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2024.111874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The high mortality rate in cancer patients is always one of the main challenges of the health systems globally. Several factors are involved in the high rate of cancer related mortality, including late diagnosis and drug resistance. Cancer is mainly diagnosed in the advanced stages of tumor progression that causes the failure of therapeutic strategies and increases the death rate in these patients. Therefore, assessment of the molecular mechanisms associated with the occurrence of cancer can be effective to introduce early tumor diagnostic markers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as the stable non-coding RNAs in the biological body fluids are involved in regulation of cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. MiR-532 deregulation has been reported in different tumor types. Therefore, in the present review we discussed the role of miR-532 during tumor growth. It has been shown that miR-532 has mainly a tumor suppressor role through the regulation of transcription factors, chemokines, and signaling pathways such as NF-kB, MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and WNT. In addition to the independent role of miR-532 in regulation of cellular processes, it also functions as a mediator of lncRNAs and circRNAs. Therefore, miR-532 can be considered as a non-invasive diagnostic/prognostic marker as well as a therapeutic target in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Lotfi
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Maharati
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Hamidi
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Negin Taghehchian
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Joshi P, Ayyagari V, Kandel S, Modur V, Iqbal MF, Robinson K, Gao J, Rao K. Loss of RAB25 Cooperates with Oncogenes in the Transformation of Human Mammary Epithelial Cells (HMECs) to Give Rise to Claudin-Low Tumors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 2024:8544837. [PMID: 38803515 PMCID: PMC11129910 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8544837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The loss of RAB25 expression-RAS superfamily of GTPase characteristic of numerous breast cancers-corresponds with H-RAS point mutations, particularly in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC), a subtype associated with a poor prognosis. To address the poorly understood factors dictating the progression of TNBC tumors, we examine the cooperative effects that loss of RAB25 expression in human mammary epithelial cell (HMEC) lines with H-RAS mutations confers in tumorigenesis. HMECs were immortalized by transduction with LXSN CDK4 R24C, a mutant form of cyclin-dependent kinase, followed by transduction with hTERT, a catalytic subunit of the telomerase enzyme. We found that with the loss of RAB25 and overexpression of mutant H-RAS61L, immortal HMECs transformed toward anchorage-independent growth and acquired an increased ability to migrate. Furthermore, cells express low CD24, high CD44, and low claudin levels, indicating stem-like properties upon transformation. Besides, loss of RAB25 and overexpression of H-RAS61L resulted in increased expression of transcription factors Snail and Slug that drive these cells to lose E-cadherin and undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This study confirms that loss of RAB25 and overexpression of mutant H-RAS can drive HMECs toward a mesenchymal stem-like state. Our findings reveal that RAB25 functions as a tumor suppressor gene, and loss of RAB25 could serve as a novel biomarker of the claudin-low type of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vijayalakshmi Ayyagari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
| | - Samikshya Kandel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
| | - Vishnu Modur
- Medpace, Inc., 5400 Medpace Way, Cincinnati, OH 45227, USA
| | - Muhammad F. Iqbal
- Cancer Specialists of North Florida, 80 Pinnacles Drive, Suite 700, Palm Coast, FL 32164, USA
| | - Kathy Robinson
- Simmons Cancer Institute at Southern Illinois University, 315 W Carpenter St., Springfield, IL 62702, USA
| | - John Gao
- Department of Pathology and Gastroenterology, Memorial Medical Center, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Krishna Rao
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
- Simmons Cancer Institute at Southern Illinois University, 315 W Carpenter St., Springfield, IL 62702, USA
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Chen J, Zhou J, Yang J, Cong R, Sun J, Xiao J, Shi J, He B. Efficiency of dual-energy computed tomography enterography in the diagnosis of Crohn's disease. BMC Med Imaging 2021; 21:185. [PMID: 34861843 PMCID: PMC8642845 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-021-00716-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This retrospective study aimed to investigate the usefulness of the optimized kiloelectron volt (keV) for virtual monoenergetic imaging (VMI) combined with iodine map in dual-energy computed tomography enterography (DECTE) in the diagnosis of Crohn’s disease (CD).
Methods Seventy-two patients (mean age: 41.89 ± 17.28 years) with negative computed tomography enterography (CTE) were enrolled for investigating the optimized VMI keV in DECTE by comparing subjective and objective parameters of VMIs that were reconstructed from 40 to 90 keV. Moreover, 68 patients (38.27 ± 15.10 years; 35 normal and 33 CD) were included for evaluating the diagnostic efficacy of DECTE iodine map at the optimized VMI energy level and routine CTE for CD and active CD. Statistical analysis for all data was conducted.
Results Objective and subjective imaging evaluations showed the best results at 60 keV for VMIs. The CT values of the normal group, active subgroup, and CD group during the small intestinal phase at routine 120 kVp or 60 keV VMI had significant differences. The diagnostic efficacy of an iodine map was the best when NIC = 4% or fat value = 45.8% for CD, whereas NIC < 0.35 or the fat value < 0.38 for active CD. The combined routine CTE and optimized VMI improved the diagnostic efficacy (P < 0.001). Conclusions VMI at 60 keV provided the best imaging quality on DECTE. NIC and fat value provided important basis for active CD evaluation. Routine CTE combined with VMI at 60 keV improved the diagnostic efficiency for CD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12880-021-00716-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghao Chen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong City, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong City, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Radiology, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou City, 213000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jushun Yang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong City, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ruochen Cong
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong City, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jinjie Sun
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong City, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong City, 226019, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianhua Shi
- Department of Biochemistry, Nantong University Medical School, Nantong City, 226019, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bosheng He
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong City, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Clinical Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong City, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Jin H, Tang Y, Yang L, Peng X, Li B, Fan Q, Wei S, Yang S, Li X, Wu B, Huang M, Tang S, Liu J, Li H. Rab GTPases: Central Coordinators of Membrane Trafficking in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:648384. [PMID: 34141705 PMCID: PMC8204108 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.648384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression involves invasion, migration, metabolism, autophagy, exosome secretion, and drug resistance. Cargos transported by membrane vesicle trafficking underlie all of these processes. Rab GTPases, which, through coordinated and dynamic intracellular membrane trafficking alongside cytoskeletal pathways, determine the maintenance of homeostasis and a series of cellular functions. The mechanism of vesicle movement regulated by Rab GTPases plays essential roles in cancers. Therefore, targeting Rab GTPases to adjust membrane trafficking has the potential to become a novel way to adjust cancer treatment. In this review, we describe the characteristics of Rab GTPases; in particular, we discuss the role of their activation in the regulation of membrane transport and provide examples of Rab GTPases regulating membrane transport in tumor progression. Finally, we discuss the clinical implications and the potential as a cancer therapeutic target of Rab GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Jin
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanxin Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xueqiang Peng
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qin Fan
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shibo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingyao Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shilei Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hangyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Chen W, Zheng G, Huang J, Zhu L, Li W, Guo T, Huang Y, Pan X. CircMED13L_012 promotes lung adenocarcinoma progression by upregulation of MAPK8 mediated by miR-433-3p. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:111. [PMID: 33593390 PMCID: PMC7885357 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01811-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metastasis and disease refractoriness remain as major challenges for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment and understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms is of scientific and clinical value. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to explore the effects of circMED13L_012 on the proliferation, migration, invasion and drug-resistance of NSCLC tumor cells. Methods In this study, we utilized clinical samples and NSCLC cell lines to explore the association between circMED13L_012 expressions and tumor cell metastasis and chemo resistance. CCK8 and transwell assay were conducted to explore the impact of circMED13_012 on NSCLC tumor proliferation and migrative capabilities. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was conducted to validate the circMED13L_012 interaction network. Results Our results demonstrated that circMED13L_012 exhibited significantly elevated average level in our clinical samples of NSCLC, compared with normal tissues. circMED13L_012 level was positively correlated with disease stage and metastatic status. Increased circMED13L_012 expression was associated with the enhanced migration, proliferation and chemo resistance of NSCLC cell lines. Further experiments indicated that circMED13L_012 promoted malignant behavior of NSCLC tumor cells by targeting MAPK8 through modulation miR-433-3p expression. Conclusions Our study for the first time demonstrated that circMED13L_012–miR-433-3p–MAPK8 axis played important role for NSCLC pathogenesis, which could be potential therapeutic target for the development of future NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshu Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, No. 134 East Street, 350001, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guanying Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, 350001, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianyuan Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, No. 134 East Street, 350001, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lihuan Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, No. 134 East Street, 350001, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wujin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, No. 134 East Street, 350001, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tianxing Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, No. 134 East Street, 350001, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yangyun Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, No. 134 East Street, 350001, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Pan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, No. 134 East Street, 350001, Fuzhou, China.
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Qiu S, Xu H, Lin Z, Liu F, Tan F. The blockade of lipophagy pathway is necessary for docosahexaenoic acid to regulate lipid droplet turnover in hepatic stellate cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:1841-1850. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Li B, Bu S, Sun J, Guo Y, Lai D. Artemisinin derivatives inhibit epithelial ovarian cancer cells via autophagy-mediated cell cycle arrest. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:1227-1235. [PMID: 30395153 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most fatal gynecologic malignancy due to its late diagnosis and lack of curative therapy. The antimalaria compound artemisinin and its derivatives, such as artesunate (ART) and dihydroartemisinin (DHA), have proven to be potent anticancer drugs and act through various anticancer mechanisms. To identify novel targets of artemisinin derivatives in EOC cells, we investigated the effects of ART and DHA on SKOV3 and primary EOC cell growth via CCK-8 assay. Both ART and DHA inhibited EOC cell growth. A cell cycle distribution analysis showed that ART and DHA caused G2/M cell cycle arrest. Moreover, ART and DHA induced autophagy in EOC cells, whereas autophagy inhibitors reversed the cell growth inhibition and cell cycle arrest induced by ART and DHA. Western blot analysis showed that ART and DHA also suppressed the cell cycle-related NF-κB-signaling pathway in EOC cells. These data suggest that artemisinin derivatives induce autophagy, block the cell cycle, and inhibit cell growth in EOC cells. Our research provides new targets for artemisinin derivatives for EOC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boning Li
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shixia Bu
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyan Sun
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Guo
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongmei Lai
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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8
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Wei F, Duan Y. Crosstalk between Autophagy and Nanomaterials: Internalization, Activation, Termination. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 3:e1800259. [PMID: 32627344 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) are comprehensively applied in biomedicine due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Autophagy, as an evolutionarily conserved cellular quality control process, is closely associated with the effect of NMs on cells. In this review, the recent advances in NM-induced/inhibited autophagy (NM-phagy) are summarized, with an aim to present a comprehensive description of the mechanisms of NM-phagy from the perspective of internalization, activation, and termination, thereby bridging autophagy and nanomaterials. Several possible mechanisms are extensively reviewed including the endocytosis pathway of NMs and the related cross components (clathrin and adaptor protein 2 (AP-2), adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6), Rab, UV radiation resistance associated gene (UVRAG)), three main stress mechanisms (oxidative stress, damaged organelles stress, and toxicity stress), and several signal pathway-related molecules. The mechanistic insight is beneficial to understand the autophagic response to NMs or NMs' regulation of autophagy. The challenges currently encountered and research trend in the field of NM-phagy are also highlighted. It is hoped that the NM-phagy discussion in this review with the focus on the mechanistic aspects may serve as a guideline for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujing Wei
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-enviroment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-enviroment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, P. R. China
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Guo W, Chen Z, Chen Z, Yu J, Liu H, Li T, Lin T, Chen H, Zhao M, Li G, Hu Y. Promotion of Cell Proliferation through Inhibition of Cell Autophagy Signalling Pathway by Rab3IP is Restrained by MicroRNA-532-3p in Gastric Cancer. J Cancer 2018; 9:4363-4373. [PMID: 30519341 PMCID: PMC6277663 DOI: 10.7150/jca.27533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: RAB3A-interacting protein (Rab3IP) is known to be involved in cancer; however, its function during the proliferation of gastric cancer (GC) cells remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the potential function of Rab3IP in GC. Methods: The expression of Rab3IP and its clinical pathology value were determined by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Rab3IP (knockdown and overexpression) and light chain 3 (LC3) lentiviruses were transfected into GC cells, and cell proliferation was measured using cell counting kit-8, plate clone formation, flow cytometry, and tumorigenesis assays. Cell autophagy was measured using a confocal laser scanning microscope and by western blotting. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to analyse the regulation of Rab3IP by microRNA-532-3p (miR-532-3p). Results: Overexpression of Rab3IP in GC samples enhanced the cell proliferation ability, but decreased the number of autophagosomes and expression of LC3-II and sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1 or p62) markers. Furthermore, we found that miR-532-3p can bind to the 3ʹUTR region of RAB3IP and inhibit the proliferation ability of GC cells. Further, the expression of miR-532-3p negatively correlated with that of Rab3IP. Conclusions: Our study elucidates the central role of Rab3IP in inducing proliferation of GC cells through its involvement in autophagy. miR-532-3p directly targets Rab3IP and represses its function, thereby demonstrating a novel regulatory link in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhaoyu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhian Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tuanjie Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tian Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Mingli Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Guoxin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yanfeng Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Rab25 acts as an oncogene in luminal B breast cancer and is causally associated with Snail driven EMT. Oncotarget 2018; 7:40252-40265. [PMID: 27259233 PMCID: PMC5130006 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rab GTPases regulate vesicular trafficking machinery that transports and delivers a diverse pool of cargo, including growth factor receptors, integrins, nutrient receptors and junction proteins to specific intracellular sites. The trafficking machinery is indeed a major posttranslational modifier and is critical for cellular homeostasis. Deregulation of this stringently controlled system leads to a wide spectrum of disorders including cancer. Herein we demonstrate that Rab25, a key GTPase, mostly decorating the apical recycling endosome, is a dichotomous variable in breast cancer cell lines with higher mRNA and protein expression in Estrogen Receptor positive (ER+ve) lines. Rab25 and its effector, Rab Coupling Protein (RCP) are frequently coamplified and coordinately elevated in ER+ve breast cancers. In contrast, Rab25 levels are decreased in basal-like and almost completely lost in claudin-low tumors. This dichotomy exists despite the presence of the 1q amplicon that hosts Rab25 across breast cancer subtypes and is likely due to differential methylation of the Rab25 promoter. Functionally, elevated levels of Rab25 drive major hallmarks of cancer including indefinite growth and metastasis but in case of luminal B breast cancer only. Importantly, in such ER+ve tumors, coexpression of Rab25 and its effector, RCP is significantly associated with a markedly worsened clinical outcome. Importantly, in claudin-low cell lines, exogenous Rab25 markedly inhibits cell migration. Similarly, during Snail-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) exogenous Rab25 potently reverses Snail-driven invasion. Overall, this study substantiates a striking context dependent role of Rab25 in breast cancer where Rab25 is amplified and enhances aggressiveness in luminal B cancers while in claudin-low tumors, Rab25 is lost indicating possible anti-tumor functions.
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Abstract
Macroautophagy is an intracellular pathway used for targeting of cellular components to the lysosome for their degradation and involves sequestration of cytoplasmic material into autophagosomes formed from a double membrane structure called the phagophore. The nucleation and elongation of the phagophore is tightly regulated by several autophagy-related (ATG) proteins, but also involves vesicular trafficking from different subcellular compartments to the forming autophagosome. Such trafficking must be tightly regulated by various intra- and extracellular signals to respond to different cellular stressors and metabolic states, as well as the nature of the cargo to become degraded. We are only starting to understand the interconnections between different membrane trafficking pathways and macroautophagy. This review will focus on the membrane trafficking machinery found to be involved in delivery of membrane, lipids, and proteins to the forming autophagosome and in the subsequent autophagosome fusion with endolysosomal membranes. The role of RAB proteins and their regulators, as well as coat proteins, vesicle tethers, and SNARE proteins in autophagosome biogenesis and maturation will be discussed.
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Wang S, Hu C, Wu F, He S. Rab25 GTPase: Functional roles in cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:64591-64599. [PMID: 28969096 PMCID: PMC5610028 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab25, a small GTPase belongs to the Rab protein family, has a pivotal role in cancer pathophysiology. Rab25 governs cell-surface receptors recycling and cellular signaling pathways activation, allowing it to control a diverse range of cellular functions, including cell proliferation, cell motility and cell death. Aberrant expression of Rab25 was linked to cancer development. Majority of research findings revealed that Rab25 is an oncogene. Elevated expression of Rab25 was correlated with poor prognosis and aggressiveness of renal, lung, breast, ovarian and other cancers. However, tumor suppressor function of Rab25 was reported in several cancers, such as colorectal cancer, indicating the tumor type-specific function of Rab25. In this review, we recapitulate the current knowledge of Rab25 in cancer development and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chunhong Hu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shasha He
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved degradation pathway for cells to maintain homeostasis, produce energy, degrade misfolded proteins and damaged organelles, and fight against intracellular pathogens. The process of autophagy entails the isolation of cytoplasmic cargo into double membrane bound autophagosomes that undergo maturation by fusion with endosomes and lysosomes to obtain degradation capacity. RAB proteins regulate intracellular vesicle trafficking events including autophagy. RAB24 is an atypical RAB protein that is required for the clearance of late autophagic vacuoles under basal conditions. RAB24 has also been connected to several diseases including ataxia, cancer and tuberculosis. This review gives a short summary on autophagy and RAB proteins, and an overview on the current knowledge on the roles of RAB24 in autophagy and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Ylä-Anttila
- a Department of Biosciences , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
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14
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Zhang Q, Shi X. A mixture copula Bayesian network model for multimodal genomic data. Cancer Inform 2017; 16:1176935117702389. [PMID: 28469391 PMCID: PMC5397279 DOI: 10.1177/1176935117702389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaussian Bayesian networks have become a widely used framework to estimate directed associations between joint Gaussian variables, where the network structure encodes the decomposition of multivariate normal density into local terms. However, the resulting estimates can be inaccurate when the normality assumption is moderately or severely violated, making it unsuitable for dealing with recent genomic data such as the Cancer Genome Atlas data. In the present paper, we propose a mixture copula Bayesian network model which provides great flexibility in modeling non-Gaussian and multimodal data for causal inference. The parameters in mixture copula functions can be efficiently estimated by a routine expectation–maximization algorithm. A heuristic search algorithm based on Bayesian information criterion is developed to estimate the network structure, and prediction can be further improved by the best-scoring network out of multiple predictions from random initial values. Our method outperforms Gaussian Bayesian networks and regular copula Bayesian networks in terms of modeling flexibility and prediction accuracy, as demonstrated using a cell signaling data set. We apply the proposed methods to the Cancer Genome Atlas data to study the genetic and epigenetic pathways that underlie serous ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Zhang
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Arkansas, USA
| | - Xuan Shi
- Department of Geosciences, University of Arkansas, USA
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15
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Qin X, Wang J, Wang X, Liu F, Jiang B, Zhang Y. Targeting Rabs as a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer therapy. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1139-1147. [PMID: 28390930 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rab GTPases constitute the largest family of small GTPases. Rabs regulate not only membrane trafficking but also cell signaling, growth and survival, and development. Increasingly, Rabs and their effectors are shown to be overexpressed or subject to loss-of-function mutations in a variety of disease settings, including cancer progression. This review provides an overview of dysregulated Rab proteins in cancer, and highlights the signaling and secretory pathways in which they operate, with the aim of identifying potential avenues for therapeutic intervention. Recent progress and perspectives for direct and/or indirect targeting of Rabs are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Qin
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Jiongyi Wang
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China.
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China.
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16
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Up-regulation of the active form of small GTPase Rab13 promotes macroautophagy in vascular endothelial cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:613-624. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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17
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Zheng X, Chen W, Hou H, Li J, Li H, Sun X, Zhao L, Li X. Ginsenoside 20(S)-Rg3 induced autophagy to inhibit migration and invasion of ovarian cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 85:620-626. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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18
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Hou R, Jiang L, Yang Z, Wang S, Liu Q. Rab14 is overexpressed in ovarian cancers and promotes ovarian cancer proliferation through Wnt pathway. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10.1007/s13277-016-5420-4. [PMID: 27718127 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5420-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rab GTPase family protein Rab14 has been implicated in cancer development. However, its clinical significance in ovarian cancers and its biological effects have not been examined. The present study aims to examine the clinical significance, biological roles, and molecular mechanism of Rab14 in ovarian cancer progression. We examined expression pattern of Rab14 in 122 cases of ovarian cancer specimens using immunohistochemistry and found Rab14 overexpression correlated with FIGO stage (p = 0.0041). We depleted Rab14 in SKOV3 cells using siRNA and overexpressed Rab14 in SW626 cells. Knockdown of Rab14 inhibited cell growth and invasion while its overexpression facilitated cell growth and invasion. In addition, Rab14 overexpression increased paclitaxel resistance in SW626 cells while its depletion reduced drug resistance. Then, we investigated the role of Rab14 in the regulation of WNT/β-catenin signaling, demonstrating Rab14 overexpression regulated GSK3β phosphorylation and nuclear β-catenin accumulation. Rab14 depletion inhibited while its overexpression enhanced TCF transcriptional activity with corresponding change of Wnt target genes including MMP7 and c-myc. Wnt inhibitor abolished the effect of Rab14 on cell proliferation and Wnt target genes. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that Rab14 promotes aggressiveness of ovarian cancer cell through, at least partly, Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hou
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Luo Jiang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shizhuo Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qifang Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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19
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Abstract
A large group of small Rab GTPases which mediate secretory and endosomal membrane transport, as well as autophagosome biogenesis, are essential components of vesicle trafficking machinery. Specific Rab protein together with the cognate effectors coordinates the dynamics of trafficking pathway and determines the cargo proteins destination. Functional impairments of Rab proteins by mutations or post-translational modifications disrupting the regulatory network of vesicle trafficking have been implicated in tumorigenesis. Therefore, the vesicle transport regulators play essential roles in the mediation of cancer cell biology, including uncontrolled cell growth, invasion and metastasis. The context-dependent role of the same Rab to act as either an oncoprotein or tumor suppressor in different cancers is found. Such discrepancies may be due in part to the interaction of specific Rab protein with different effectors or cargos in various tumors. Here, we review recent advances in the roles of Rab GTPases in communicating with other effectors in tumor progression. In this review, we also emphasize dysregulation of Rab-mediated membrane delivery shifting normal cell behaviors toward malignancy. Thus, recovery of the dysregulated vesicle trafficking systems in cancer cells may provide future directions for potential strategy to restrain tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tai Tzeng
- Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ching Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Ren P, Yang XQ, Zhai XL, Zhang YQ, Huang JF. Overexpression of Rab27B is correlated with distant metastasis and poor prognosis in ovarian cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:1539-1545. [PMID: 27446467 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The secretory small guanosine-5'-triphosphate-binding enzyme, Rab27B, has been identified to be an oncogene that is involved in the progression of certain tumors. The current study was designed to evaluate the expression pattern of Rab27B in ovarian cancer (OC), borderline tumors and benign ovarian adenoid tumors, as well as its association with survival prognosis and clinical parameters. The expression of Rab27B protein was examined by immunohistochemistry in 204 patients who had undergone ovarian resection without preoperative systemic chemotherapy at the Surgical Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University (Nantong, China), including 57 benign ovarian adenoid tumors, 44 borderline tumors and 103 malignant tumors. Rab27B expression and clinicopathological features were analyzed with the χ2 test. Patient survival rate was analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analysis of the prognostic factors was performed using the Cox regression model. Increased expression of Rab27B was positively correlated with histological type (P=0.012), level of differentiation (P=0.015), lymph node metastasis (P=0.024), distant metastasis (P<0.001) and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage (P=0.001). Survival analysis revealed an association between Rab27B-positivity and poor overall survival rate. Multivariate analysis indicated that Rab27B (P<0.031) and distant metastases (P=0.031) were independent prognostic factors for OC patients' survival. The results of the present study supported the hypothesis that Rab27B may be a valuable prognostic indicator in patients with OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Lu Zhai
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Quan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Fei Huang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
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21
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Zhang W, Sun J, Luo J. High Expression of Rab-like 3 (Rabl3) is Associated with Poor Survival of Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer via Repression of MAPK8/9/10-Mediated Autophagy. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:1582-8. [PMID: 27164297 PMCID: PMC4918526 DOI: 10.12659/msm.898632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rab-like 3 (Rabl3) is a member of the Rab subfamily of small GTPases which are involved in controlling proliferation and vesicular trafficking. Recent studies suggest that Rab proteins might play a critical role in regulating cancer cell survival, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Material/Methods We performed a bioinformatics analysis to examine the correlation between the expression level of Rabl3 and survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in three independent cohorts containing 484 patients. The function of Rabl3 was examined in NSCLC cell line A549 in vitro. Following Rabl3 knockdown, cells were stained with propidium iodine (PI) and Annexin V, followed by flow cytometry analysis (FACS) for cell death and autophagy induction. The activity of the MAPK signaling pathway was assessed by Western blotting of different MAPK phosphorylations, and modulated with different chemical inhibitors. Results High expression of Rabl3 was significantly correlated with poor survival in all three independent NSCLC cohorts. In line with this result, Rabl3 was frequently overexpressed in lung cancer cell lines as compared with normal lung fibroblast cell lines. Knockdown of Rabl3 in lung cancer cells significantly enhanced cell death accompanied with autophagy induction, as evidenced by an increased level of autophagy marker LC3-II. Interestingly, Rabl3 knockdown was associated with enhanced activation of MAPK8/9/10 but not MAPK11/12/13/14. Treatment of MAPK8/9/10-specific inhibitor SP600125, but not MAPK11/12/13/14-specific inhibitor SB203580, largely abolished Rabl3 knockdown-induced LC3-I/LC3-II conversion and autophagic cell death. Conclusions Together, these results suggest that high expression of Rabl3 might inhibit cell death in NSCLCs via repression of MAPK8/9/10-mediated autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Respiration, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Junming Luo
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
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22
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Claudin-7 indirectly regulates the integrin/FAK signaling pathway in human colon cancer tissue. J Hum Genet 2016; 61:711-20. [PMID: 27121327 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2016.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The claudin family of proteins is integral to the structure and function of tight junctions. The role of claudin-7 (Cldn-7, CLDN7) in regulating the integrin/focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/ERK signaling pathway remains poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated differences in gene expression, primarily focusing on CLDN7 and integrin/FAK/ERK signaling pathway genes, between colon cancer and adjacent normal tissues. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR and immunohistochemistry were utilized to verify the results of mRNA and protein expression, respectively. In silico analysis was used to predict co-regulation between Cldn-7 and integrin/FAK/ERK signaling pathway components, and the STRING database was used to analyze protein-protein interaction pairs among these proteins. Meta-analysis of expression microarrays in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to identify significant correlations between Cldn-7 and components of predicted genes in the integrin/FAK/ERK signaling pathway. Our results showed marked cancer stage-specific decreases in the protein expression of Cldn-7, Gelsolin, MAPK1 and MAPK3 in colon cancer samples, and the observed changes for all proteins except Cldn-7 were in agreement with changes in the corresponding mRNA levels. Cldn-7 might indirectly regulate MAPK3 via KRT8 due to KRT8 co-expression with MAPK3 or CLDN7. Our bioinformatics methods supported the hypothesis that Cldn-7 does not directly regulate any genes in the integrin/FAK/ERK signaling pathway. These factors may participate in a common network that regulates cancer progression in which the MAPK pathway serves as the central node.
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23
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Mitra S, Molina J, Mills GB, Dennison JB. Characterization of the role Rab25 in energy metabolism and cancer using extracellular flux analysis and material balance. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1298:195-205. [PMID: 25800844 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2569-8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Rab25, by altering trafficking of critical cellular resources, influences cell metabolism and survival during stress conditions. Overall, perturbations in the vesicular trafficking machinery change cellular bioenergetics that can be directly measured in real time as Oxygen Consumption Rate, OCR (mitochondrial respiration) and Extracellular Acidification Rate, ECAR (glycolysis) by an extracellular flux analyzer (XF96, Seahorse Biosciences, MA). Additionally, overall turnover of glucose, lactate, as well as glutamine and glutamate can be measured biochemically using the YSI2900 Biochemistry Analyzer (YSI Incorporated, Life Sciences, OH). A combination of these two methods allows a precise and quantitative approach to interrogate the role of Rab25 as well as other Rab GTPases in central carbon energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Mitra
- Department of Systems Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77054, USA,
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24
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Amaya C, Fader CM, Colombo MI. Autophagy and proteins involved in vesicular trafficking. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:3343-53. [PMID: 26450776 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular degradation system that, as a basic mechanism it delivers cytoplasmic components to the lysosomes in order to maintain adequate energy levels and cellular homeostasis. This complex cellular process is activated by low cellular nutrient levels and other stress situations such as low ATP levels, the accumulation of damaged proteins or organelles, or pathogen invasion. Autophagy as a multistep process involves vesicular transport events leading to tethering and fusion of autophagic vesicles with several intracellular compartments. This review summarizes our current understanding of the autophagic pathway with emphasis in the trafficking machinery (i.e. Rabs GTPases and SNAP receptors (SNAREs)) involved in specific steps of the pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Amaya
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Casilla de Correo 56, Centro Universitario, Parque General San Martín, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Claudio Marcelo Fader
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Casilla de Correo 56, Centro Universitario, Parque General San Martín, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - María Isabel Colombo
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Casilla de Correo 56, Centro Universitario, Parque General San Martín, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina.
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25
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Seven D, Dogan S, Kiliç E, Karaman E, Koseoglu H, Buyru N. Downregulation of Rab25 activates Akt1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:1927-1931. [PMID: 26622777 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have suggested that Ras-associated binding 25 protein (Rab25) is involved in the pathogenesis of human cancer. Although it has been demonstrated that the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the result of an accumulation of multiple sequential genetic and epigenetic alterations in key genes with important functions in cell growth and the cell cycle, recent studies have indicated that HNSCC is a complex and heterogenous disease. To the best of our knowledge, there is no data regarding the regulation of the Rab25 gene at the mRNA or protein level in HNSCC. Furthermore, available data on Rab25 expression in other types of cancer are conflicting. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether Rab25 is involved in the development and/or progression of HNSCC, and to analyze the mechanisms underlying its effects in this type of cancer. The expression of Rab25 mRNA in HNSCC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissue samples was measured using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, while the level of the Rab25, Akt1 and phosphorylated-Akt1 proteins was measured using western blotting. Expression of Rab25 mRNA and protein was downregulated in 69.1% and 56.1% of tumor tissue samples, respectively. This downregulation was associated with an increase in p-Akt1 expression, in the absence of a change in total Akt1 protein levels, in tumor tissues compared with normal tissues. The current findings suggest that Rab25 acts as a tumor suppressor in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Seven
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - Soydan Dogan
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - Erkan Kiliç
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - Emin Karaman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - Hikmet Koseoglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - Nur Buyru
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
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26
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Fan Y, Wang L, Han X, Liu X, Ma H. Rab25 is responsible for phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT‑mediated cisplatin resistance in human epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:2173-8. [PMID: 25405658 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab25, a member of the Rab family of small guanosine triphosphatase, was reported to have an essential role in the development of human epithelial ovarian cancer. The present study demonstrated that Rab25 mediated the sensitivity of ovarian cancer to cisplatin, a first‑line chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of ovarian cancer in the clinic. Overexpression of Rab25 and increased phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling were detected in cisplatin‑resistant SKOV‑3 cells compared with those in cisplatin‑sensitive ES‑2 cells. The results of the present study indicated that cisplatin resistance was primarily due to reduced G1 cell cycle arrest following cisplatin treatment in SKOV‑3 cells. By contrast, the corresponding phenomenon was not observed following treatment with a Rab25‑specific small interfering RNA or treatment with the PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002. Of note, inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway reduced Rab25 gene expression and sensitized SKOV‑3 cells to cisplatin. Furthermore, knockdown of Rab25 showed an effect comparable with blocking the PI3K/AKT pathway. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that PI3K/AKT and Rab25 significantly contributed to cisplatin resistance in human epithelial ovarian cancer; in addition, silencing Rab25 or inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway markedly increased the sensitivity of these cells to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ningxia People's Hospital, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750000, P.R. China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Xuechuan Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ningxia People's Hospital, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750000, P.R. China
| | - Xueqin Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ningxia People's Hospital, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750000, P.R. China
| | - Hongyun Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ningxia People's Hospital, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750000, P.R. China
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27
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Small GTPase Rab37 targets tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 for exocytosis and thus suppresses tumour metastasis. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4804. [PMID: 25183545 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Rab small GTPases are master regulators of membrane trafficking and guide vesicle targeting. Recent publications show that Rab-controlled trafficking pathways are altered during tumorigenesis. However, whether any of the Rabs plays a metastasis suppressor role is least explored. Here we address the metastasis suppressive function of human Rab37 (hRAB37) using secretomics, cell, animal and clinical analyses. We show that tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1), a secreted glycoprotein that inhibits extracellular matrix turnover, is a novel cargo of hRAB37. hRAB37 regulates the exocytosis of TIMP1 in a nucleotide-dependent manner to inactivate matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) migration axis in vitro and in vivo. Dysfunction of hRAB37 or TIMP1 abrogates metastasis suppression. Lung cancer patients with metastasis and poor survival show low hRAB37 protein expression coinciding with low TIMP1 in tumours. Our findings identify hRAB37 as a novel metastasis suppressor Rab that functions through the TIMP1-MMP9 pathway and has significant prognostic power.
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28
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Regulation of autophagy by the Rab GTPase network. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:348-58. [PMID: 24440914 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2013.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy (macroautophagy) is a highly conserved intracellular and lysosome-dependent degradation process in which autophagic substrates are enclosed and degraded by a double-membrane vesicular structure in a continuous and dynamic vesicle transport process. The Rab protein is a small GTPase that belongs to the Ras-like GTPase superfamily and regulates the vesicle traffic process. Numerous Rab proteins have been shown to be involved in various stages of autophagy. Rab1, Rab5, Rab7, Rab9A, Rab11, Rab23, Rab32, and Rab33B participate in autophagosome formation, whereas Rab9 is required in non-canonical autophagy. Rab7, Rab8B, and Rab24 have a key role in autophagosome maturation. Rab8A and Rab25 are also involved in autophagy, but their role is unknown. Here, we summarize new findings regarding the involvement of Rabs in autophagy and provide insights regarding future research on the mechanisms of autophagy regulation.
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29
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Abstract
Derailed endocytosis is a hallmark of cancer. The endocytic pathway, as demonstrated by our laboratory, is a frequent target of genomic aberrations in cancer and plays a critical role in the maintenance of cellular polarity, stem cell function, bioenergetics, proliferation, motility, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis and autophagy. The Rab GTPases, along with their effectors, are critical regulators of this endocytic machinery and can have a huge impact on the cellular itinerary of growth and metabolism. Rab25 is an epithelial-cell-specific member of the Rab GTPase superfamily, sharing close homology with Rab11a, the endosomal recycling Rab GTPase. RAB25 has been implicated in various cancers, with reports presenting it as both an oncogene and a tumour-suppressor gene. At the cellular level, Rab25 was shown to contribute to invasiveness of cancer cells by regulating integrin trafficking. Recently, our laboratory uncovered a critical role for Rab25 in cellular energetics. Assimilating all of the existing evidence, in the present review, we give an updated overview of the complex and often context-dependent role of Rab25 in cancer.
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30
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Abstract
Comprising over 60 members, Rab proteins constitute the largest branch of the Ras superfamily of low-molecular-mass G-proteins. This protein family have been primarily implicated in various aspects of intracellular membrane trafficking processes. On the basis of distinct subfamily-specific sequence motifs, many Rabs have been grouped into subfamilies. The Rab11 GTPase subfamily comprises three members: Rab11a, Rab11b and Rab25/Rab11c, which, between them, have been demonstrated to bind more than 30 proteins. In the present paper, we review the function of the Rab11 subfamily. We describe their localization and primary functional roles within the cell and their implication, to date, in disease processes. We also summarize the protein machinery currently known to regulate or mediate their functions and the cargo molecules which they have been shown to transport.
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