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Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Is Not a Major Modulating Factor in the Cytotoxic Response to Natural Products in Cancer Cell Lines. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195858. [PMID: 34641401 PMCID: PMC8512490 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous natural products exhibit antiproliferative activity against cancer cells by modulating various biological pathways. In this study, we investigated the potential use of eight natural compounds (apigenin, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, fisetin, forskolin, procyanidin B2, resveratrol, urolithin A) and two repurposed agents (fulvestrant and metformin) as chemotherapy enhancers and mesenchymal-to-epithelial (MET) inducers of cancer cells. Screening of these compounds in various colon, breast, and pancreatic cancer cell lines revealed anti-cancer activity for all compounds, with curcumin being the most effective among these in all cell lines. Although some of the natural products were able to induce MET in some cancer cell lines, the MET induction was not related to increased synergy with either 5-FU, irinotecan, gemcitabine, or gefitinib. When synergy was observed, for example with curcumin and irinotecan, this was unrelated to MET induction, as assessed by changes in E-cadherin and vimentin expression. Our results show that MET induction is compound and cell line specific, and that MET is not necessarily related to enhanced chemosensitivity.
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Daso RE, Banerjee IA. Self-Assembled Peptide-Based Biocomposites for Near-Infrared Light Triggered Drug Release to Tumor Cells. Biotechnol J 2020; 15:e2000128. [PMID: 32845561 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Peptide-based nanomaterials are increasingly gaining popularity due to their specificity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. In this work, a new multi-layered peptide-based biocomposite for targeting MCF-7 breast cancer cells is developed. The amphipathic Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-Leu-Ser peptide is synthesized, which is conjugated to a tumor-targeting peptide sequence Gly-Cys-Gly-Asn-Ser to form Fmoc-L-S-G-C-G-N-S (FLS) assemblies. To the FLS assemblies, gold nanorods are then attached to develop drug delivery vehicles (DDVs). The DDVs are entrapped with the anti-cancer drug fulvestrant. Entrapment efficiency is found to be 50.6%. Release studies indicate that irradiating the gold nanorod bound DDVs at NIR wavelength (785 nm) increases drug release by fourfold compared to assemblies that are not irradiated. These results also show higher cytotoxicity and lower cell invasion due to photo-triggered drug release. Furthermore, distinct actin cytoskeletal changes are observed. Such novel peptide-based gold nanorod bound DDVs demonstrate potential in dual targeting of MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Daso
- Department of Chemistry, Fordham University, 441 E. Fordham Road, Bronx, NY, 10458, USA
| | - Ipsita A Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Fordham University, 441 E. Fordham Road, Bronx, NY, 10458, USA
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Hsiao HY, Cheng CM, Kao SW, Liu JW, Chang CS, Harhaus L, Huang JJ. The effect of bone inhibitors on periosteum-guided cartilage regeneration. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8372. [PMID: 32433520 PMCID: PMC7239872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65448-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The regeneration capacity of knee cartilage can be enhanced by applying periosteal grafts, but this effect varies depending on the different sources of the periosteal grafts applied for cartilage formation. Tibia periosteum can be used to enhance cartilage repair. However, long-term analysis has not been conducted. The endochondral ossification capacity of tibia periosteum during cartilage repair also needs to be investigated. In this study, both vascularized and non-vascularized tibia periosteum grafts were studied to understand the relationship between tissue perfusion of the periosteum graft and the effects on cartilage regeneration and bone formation. Furthermore, anti-ossification reagents were added to evaluate the efficacy of the prevention of bone formation along with cartilage regeneration. A critical-size cartilage defect (4 × 4 mm) was created and was covered with an autologous tibia vascularized periosteal flap or with a non-vascularized tibia periosteum patch on the knee in the rabbit model. A portion of the vascularized periosteum group was also treated with the anti-osteogenic reagents Fulvestrant and IL1β to inhibit unwanted bone formation. Our results indicated that the vascularized periosteum significantly enhanced cartilage regeneration in the cartilage defect region in long-term treatment compared to the non-vascularized group. Furthermore, the addition of anti-osteogenic reagents to the vascularized periosteum group suppressed bone formation but also reduced the cartilage regeneration rate. Our study using vascularized autologous tissue to repair cartilage defects of the knee may lead to the modification of current treatment in regard to osteoarthritis knee repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yi Hsiao
- Division of Microsurgery Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Min Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Kao
- Division of Microsurgery Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Wei Liu
- Division of Microsurgery Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Shin Chang
- Department of Craniofacial Surgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Leila Harhaus
- Department of Plastic Surgery of Heidelberg University, BG Trauma center Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Jung-Ju Huang
- Division of Microsurgery Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Jeong SH, Lee JE, Jin SH, Ko Y, Park JB. Effect of Asiasari radix on osteoblastic differentiation of stem cells derived from gingiva. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2018; 36:756-9. [PMID: 29949708 DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(17)30011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the dose-dependent impact of Asiasari Radix (A. radix) on the cell viability,
differentiation and mineralization of stem cells derived from gingiva. METHODS Stem cells that were derived from gingiva were grown in the presence of A. radix at final
concentrations that ranged from 0.001 to 10 μg/mL. The morphology of the cells was viewed under
an inverted microscope and the analysis of cell proliferation was performed by using Cell Counting
Kit-8 (CCK-8) on day 1. The alkaline phosphatase activity test was used to assess differentiation and
Alizarin red S staining was used to assess mineralization of treated cells. RESULTS The control group showed spindleshaped, fibroblast-like morphology and the shapes of the cells in 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 μg/mL of A. radix were similar to that of the control group at
day 1. The cultures growing in the presence of 0.001 μg/mL of A. radix at day 1 showed an increase
in the CCK-8 value (P < 0.05). Cultures growing in the presence of 0.001 μg/mL of A. radix presented
the highest value for alkaline phosphatase activity (P > 0.05). Mineralized extracellular deposits
were observed after Alizarin Red S staining and the cultures grown in the presence of 0.001 μg/mL
of A. radix showed the highest value for quantitative results for bound dye (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Within the limits of this study, A. radix influenced the proliferation of stem cells derived
from the gingiva and low concentrations of A. radix might enhance osteogenic differentiation of the stem cells.
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Kubota T, Hasuike A, Tsukune N, Ozawa Y, Yamamoto T, Min S, Naito M, Sato S. Influence of estrogen deficiency on guided bone augmentation: investigation of rat calvarial model and osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. Eur J Oral Sci 2018; 126:206-213. [PMID: 29676477 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The effect of estrogen deficiency in bone augmentation, and the mechanisms by which estrogen deficiency impedes osteoblast differentiation and collagen matrix production, were examined. Twenty female Jcl:Wistar rats were divided into two groups: ovariectomized rats; and control rats. Guided bone augmentation was performed by positioning plastic caps in the calvarium of all animals at 8 wk after ovariectomy or sham surgery. Micro-computed tomography and histological sections were used to determine the amount of bone augmentation within the plastic caps. At 8 wk, there was statistically significantly less newly formed bone volume in ovariectomized rats. Immunohistological staining revealed the rare alignment of runt-related transcription factor 2-positive osteoblast-like cells and collagen I-positive bundle fibers in ovariectomized rats. In cell culture experiments, pre-osteoblast-like cells, MC3T3-E1, were treated with the estrogen receptor antagonist, fulvestrant. In treated cells, alkaline phosphatase activity remained high, whereas Alizarin Red staining was completely inhibited. Extracellular staining intensity of collagen I was decreased after fulvestrant treatment. Consistent with these observations, gene-expression analysis confirmed that fulvestrant treatment led to weaker expression of mRNA for osteogenic transcription factors and bone matrix protein-related genes. The results demonstrate that estrogen deficiency suppresses osteoblast differentiation and collagen matrix production in bone augmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kubota
- Division of Applied Oral Sciences, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Hasuike
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.,Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Tsukune
- Division of Applied Oral Sciences, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Ozawa
- Division of Applied Oral Sciences, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanobu Yamamoto
- Division of Applied Oral Sciences, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiko Min
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Hygiene, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Masako Naito
- Department of Anatomy, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Sato
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.,Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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Lamin A overexpression promotes osteoblast differentiation and calcification in the MC3T3-E1 preosteoblastic cell line. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 488:664-670. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Domazetovic V, Fontani F, Marcucci G, Iantomasi T, Brandi ML, Vincenzini MT. Estrogen inhibits starvation-induced apoptosis in osteocytes by a redox-independent process involving association of JNK and glutathione S-transferase P1-1. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:705-718. [PMID: 28469982 PMCID: PMC5407897 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency causes bone loss as a result of microdamage, oxidative stress, and osteocyte apoptosis. A relationship between oxidative stress‐induced apoptosis, c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) activation, and expression of factors involved in bone remodeling has been demonstrated in osteocytes. However, the molecular regulation of these events in osteocytes treated with 17β‐estradiol (17β‐E2) remains unexplored. The MLO‐Y4 murine osteocyte‐like cell line was used as a model to study starvation‐induced apoptosis and ROS production during 17β‐E2 treatment. Expression of glutathione S‐transferase P1‐1 (GSTP1‐1), receptor activator kB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), sclerostin, and kinases activation were measured by western blot. In addition, the GSTP1‐1/JNK association was assessed by immunoprecipitation, and GSTP1‐1 involvement in the osteocyte response to 17β‐E2 was detected by specific siRNA transfection. 17β‐E2 prevents starvation‐induced apoptosis (DNA fragmentation and caspase activation), the increase in sclerostin expression and the RANKL/OPG ratio, which are all related to JNK activation due to oxidative stress in osteocytes. This occurs through GSTP1‐1 overexpression, which can inhibit JNK activation by formation of a GSTP1‐1/JNK complex. No early antioxidant action of 17β‐E2 has been found but the estrogen effect is similar to N‐acetylcysteine which, by increasing the intracellular redox state, maintains JNK bound to GSTP1‐1. Thus, the antiapoptotic and osteogenic effect of 17β‐E2 in MLO‐Y4 occurs by a redox‐independent process involving GSTP1‐1/JNK association. This study clarifies at molecular level the effect of 17β‐E2 on osteocyte activity and identifies a possible role of GSTP1‐1 and JNK activity in bone remodeling and repair mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladana Domazetovic
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio" (Biochemistry section) University of Florence Italy
| | - Filippo Fontani
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio" (Biochemistry section) University of Florence Italy
| | - Gemma Marcucci
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine (Endocrinology Section) University of Florence Italy
| | - Teresa Iantomasi
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio" (Biochemistry section) University of Florence Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine (Endocrinology Section) University of Florence Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Vincenzini
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio" (Biochemistry section) University of Florence Italy
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Traboulsi T, El Ezzy M, Gleason JL, Mader S. Antiestrogens: structure-activity relationships and use in breast cancer treatment. J Mol Endocrinol 2017; 58:R15-R31. [PMID: 27729460 PMCID: PMC5148801 DOI: 10.1530/jme-16-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
About 70% of breast tumors express estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), which mediates the proliferative effects of estrogens on breast epithelial cells, and are candidates for treatment with antiestrogens, steroidal or non-steroidal molecules designed to compete with estrogens and antagonize ERs. The variable patterns of activity of antiestrogens (AEs) in estrogen target tissues and the lack of systematic cross-resistance between different types of molecules have provided evidence for different mechanisms of action. AEs are typically classified as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), which display tissue-specific partial agonist activity (e.g. tamoxifen and raloxifene), or as pure AEs (e.g. fulvestrant), which enhance ERα post-translational modification by ubiquitin-like molecules and accelerate its proteasomal degradation. Characterization of second- and third-generation AEs, however, suggests the induction of diverse ERα structural conformations, resulting in variable degrees of receptor downregulation and different patterns of systemic properties in animal models and in the clinic.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Estrogen Antagonists/chemistry
- Estrogen Antagonists/pharmacology
- Estrogen Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/antagonists & inhibitors
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/chemistry
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Conformation
- Molecular Structure
- Mutation
- Protein Binding
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Receptors, Estrogen/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Estrogen/chemistry
- Receptors, Estrogen/genetics
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators/chemistry
- Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators/pharmacology
- Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators/therapeutic use
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- T Traboulsi
- Institute for Research in Immunology and CancerUniversité de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversité de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - M El Ezzy
- Institute for Research in Immunology and CancerUniversité de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - J L Gleason
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - S Mader
- Institute for Research in Immunology and CancerUniversité de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversité de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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