High expression of microRNA‑127 is involved in cell cycle arrest in MC‑3 mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells

Dynamic Role of miRNAs in Salivary Gland Carcinomas: From Biomarkers to Therapeutic Targets

BACKGROUND

Salivary gland carcinomas (SGCs) are a rare group of malignant neoplasms of the head and neck region. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that have been associated with the control biological process and oncogenic mechanism by the regulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Recent evidence has suggested that miRNA expression may play a role in the tumorigenesis and carcinogenesis process in SGCs.

METHODS

This review provides a comprehensive literature review of the role of miRNAs expression in SGCs focusing on the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic applications.

RESULTS

In this review, numerous dysregulated miRNAs have demonstrated an oncogenic and suppressor role in SGCs.

CONCLUSION

In the future, these miRNAs may eventually constitute useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers that may lead to a better understanding of SGCs oncogenesis. Additionally, the development of therapeutic agents based on miRNAs may be a promising target in SGC treatment.

The paradigm of miRNA and siRNA influence in Oral-biome

Short nucleotide sequences like miRNA and siRNA have attracted a lot of interest in Oral-biome investigations. miRNA is a small class of non-coding RNA that regulates gene expression to provide effective regulation of post-transcription. On contrary, siRNA is 21-25 nucleotide dsRNA impairing gene function post-transcriptionally through inhibition of mRNA for homologous dependent gene silencing. This review highlights the application of miRNA in oral biome including oral cancer, dental implants, periodontal diseases, gingival fibroblasts, oral submucous fibrosis, radiation-induced oral mucositis, dental Pulp, and oral lichenoid disease. Moreover, we have also discussed the application of siRNA against the aforementioned disease along with the impact of miRNA and siRNA to the various pathways and molecular effectors pertaining to the dental diseases. The influence of upregulation and downregulation of molecular effector post-treatment with miRNA and siRNA and their impact on the clinical setting has been elucidated. Thus, the mentioned details on application of miRNA and siRNA will provide a novel gateway to the scholars to not only mitigate the long-lasting issue in dentistry but also develop new theragnostic approaches.

miR-127-3p Is an Epigenetic Activator of Myofibroblast Senescence Situated within the MicroRNA-Enriched Dlk1-Dio3‒Imprinted Domain on Mouse Chromosome 12

During wound healing, fibroblasts differentiate into nonproliferative contractile myofibroblasts, contribute to skin repair, and eventually undergo apoptosis or become senescent. MicroRNAs are post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression networks that control cell fate and survival and may also regulate senescence. In this study, we determined the regulated microRNAs in myofibroblasts isolated from wounds and analyzed their role in senescent myofibroblast formation. Transcriptome profiling showed that a 200 kilobase pair region of the Dlk1-Dio3‒imprinted domain on mouse chromosome 12 encodes for most of the upregulated microRNAs in the entire genome of mouse myofibroblasts. Among those, miR-127-3p induced a myofibroblast-like phenotype associated with a block in proliferation. Molecular analysis revealed that miR-127-3p induced a prolonged cell cycle arrest with unique molecular features of senescence, including the activation of the senescence-associated β-galactosidase, increase in p53 and p21 levels, inhibition of lamin B1, proliferation factors, and the production of senescence-associated inflammatory and extracellular matrix‒remodeling components. Hence, miR-127-3p emerges as an epigenetic activator regulating the transition from repair to remodeling during skin wound healing but may also induce age-related defects, pathological scarring, and fibrosis, all linked to myofibroblast senescence.

Prospective applications of microRNAs in oral cancer

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNA molecules that are generally encoded by endogenous genes and exert suppressive effects on post-transcriptional regulation of their target genes by translation repression or degradation of mRNA. This subsequently mediates activation or blocking of downstream signaling pathways associated with oral malignancies. Aberrant levels of certain miRNAs have been identified in cell experiments, clinical carcinomatous specimens, saliva, serum or plasma samples of patients with oral malignancies. miRNAs are associated with multiple aspects of oral cancer, including tumor growth, cellular proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, metastasis, glycometabolism, radiosensitivity and chemosensitivity. miRNAs have the potential to be used in clinical applications as minimally invasive or non-invasive tools for early diagnosis and prognosis by the detection of serum, plasma and saliva levels, and may provide a new ancillary or additional reference index of traditional pathological grading and clinical staging. Furthermore, miRNAs may be used as prognostic biomarkers or targets for novel therapies for oral cancer.

Hsa-mir-127 impairs survival of patients with glioma and promotes proliferation, migration and invasion of cancerous cells by modulating replication initiator 1

This work aimed to investigate the inter-regulatory functions of hsa-mir-127 and replication initiator 1 (REPIN1) on the proliferation and metastasis of glioma cells. The in-silico data on the implication of hsa-mir-127 and REPIN1 in glioma were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The expression levels of hsa-mir-127 and REPIN1 mRNA were determined by qRT-PCR, whereas Western blot was used to detect REPIN1 protein expression in glioma cell lines. The proliferation of glioma cells was determined by means of the MTT assay, whereas the transwell assay was employed for assessing the extent of cell migration and invasion. The interaction among REPIN1 and hsa-mir-127 was checked using the luciferase reporter assay. The expression of hsa-mir-127 was markedly increased in clinical data obtained from TCGA and in glioma cells compared with normal tissues and control cells, respectively. Increased expression of hsa-mir-127 and decreased expression of REPIN1 were both associated with poor overall survival. Moreover, hsa-mir-127 overexpression noticeably promoted proliferation, inhibited apoptosis and increased the invasive and migratory capacities of glioma cells. Inverse effects were found with hsa-mir-127 antisense inhibitor. Interestingly, overexpression of hsa-mir-127 downregulated REPIN1 expression, and luciferase reporter assay showed that the tumorigenesis effect of hsa-mir-127 requires, in part, its direct targeting of REPIN1. In conclusion, the hsa-mir-127/REPIN1 pathway is involved in gliomas and could be a potential therapeutic target.