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Suntres ZE. Exploring the potential benefit of natural product extracts in paraquat toxicity. Fitoterapia 2018; 131:160-167. [PMID: 30359726 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Paraquat dichloride, a herbicide used for weed and grass control, is extremely toxic to humans and animals. The mechanisms of toxicity involve the redox cycling of paraquat resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species and the depletion of the cellular NADPH. The major cause of death in paraquat poisoning is respiratory failure due to its specific uptake by and oxidative insult to the alveolar epithelial cells and inflammation with subsequent obliterating fibrosis. Paraquat also causes selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, reproducing an important pathological feature of Parkinson disease. Currently, there are no antidotes for the treatment of paraquat poisoning and therapeutic management is mostly supportive and directed towards changing the disposition of the poison. The lack of effective treatments against paraquat poisoning has led to the exploration of novel compounds with antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory properties. Recently, there is an interest in plant compounds, particularly those used in traditional medicine. Phytochemicals have been highlighted as a possible therapeutic modality for a variety of diseases due to their putative efficacies and safety. In this review, the status of plant extracts and traditional medicines in ameliorating the toxicity of paraquat is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacharias E Suntres
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.
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Alessandra-Perini J, Rodrigues-Baptista KC, Machado DE, Nasciutti LE, Perini JA. Anticancer potential, molecular mechanisms and toxicity of Euterpe oleracea extract (açaí): A systematic review. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200101. [PMID: 29966007 PMCID: PMC6028114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is an increasingly frequent malignancy worldwide, and despite the advances in drug development, it is still necessary to develop new plant-derived medicines. Euterpe oleracea (açaí) is abundant in South and Central America and has health benefits due to its high levels of phytochemicals, including lignans and polyphenols. The aim of this review was to systematically describe the safety and antitumor effects of açaí in preclinical models using rodents to provide a more comprehensive assessment of açaí for both therapeutic uses and the development of future clinical studies in cancer. Eligible studies were identified using four international databases (PubMed, Medline, Lilacs and SciELO) from their inception date through December 2017. The included studies were analyzed with methodological rigor (QATRS) to enable better quality control for these experimental studies. Sixty publications were identified in the databases, but only 9 articles were eligible: 6 evaluated the pharmacological effects of açaí in animal models of cancer (1 model each of esophageal cancer, urothelial cancer, melanoma and Walker-256 tumor and 2 models of colon cancer), and 3 were toxicological assays using preclinical models with rodents. Overall, 747 animals were analyzed. On a QATRS score scale of 0-20, the quality of the studies ranged from 16 to 20 points. Pulp was the main fraction of açaí administered, and an oral administration route was most common. The açaí dosage administered by gavage ranged from 30 mg/kg to 40,000 mg/kg, and açaí fed in the diet accounted for 2.5% to 5% of the diet. The anticarcinogenic and chemopreventive activities of açaí were observed in all experimental models of cancer and reduced the incidence, tumor cell proliferation, multiplicity and size of the tumors due to the antiinflammatory, antiproliferative and proapoptotic properties of açaí. No genotoxic effects were observed after açaí administration. The results of this review suggest that açaí is safe and can be used as a chemoprotective agent against cancer development. Açaí therapy may be a novel strategy for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Alessandra-Perini
- Morphological Science Program—PCM, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Research Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences—LAPESF, West Zone State University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Karina Cristina Rodrigues-Baptista
- Research Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences—LAPESF, West Zone State University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Program of Post-graduation in Public Health and Environment—ENSP, National School of Public Health, Oswald Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel Escorsim Machado
- Morphological Science Program—PCM, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Research Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences—LAPESF, West Zone State University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- University Center IBMR, Laureate Universities, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eurico Nasciutti
- Morphological Science Program—PCM, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jamila Alessandra Perini
- Research Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences—LAPESF, West Zone State University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Program of Post-graduation in Public Health and Environment—ENSP, National School of Public Health, Oswald Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Research Division, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics—INTO, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Matzrafi M, Shaar-Moshe L, Rubin B, Peleg Z. Unraveling the Transcriptional Basis of Temperature-Dependent Pinoxaden Resistance in Brachypodium hybridum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1064. [PMID: 28680434 PMCID: PMC5478685 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Climate change endangers food security and our ability to feed the ever-increasing human population. Weeds are the most important biotic stress, reducing crop-plant productivity worldwide. Chemical control, the main approach for weed management, can be strongly affected by temperature. Previously, we have shown that temperature-dependent non-target site (NTS) resistance of Brachypodium hybridum is due to enhanced detoxification of acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors. Here, we explored the transcriptional basis of this phenomenon. Plants were characterized for the transcriptional response to herbicide application, high-temperature and their combination, in an attempt to uncover the genetic basis of temperature-dependent pinoxaden resistance. Even though most of the variance among treatments was due to pinoxaden application (61%), plants were able to survive pinoxaden application only when grown under high-temperatures. Biological pathways and expression patterns of members of specific gene families, previously shown to be involved in NTS metabolic resistance to different herbicides, were examined. Cytochrome P450, glucosyl transferase and glutathione-S-transferase genes were found to be up-regulated in response to pinoxaden application under both control and high-temperature conditions. However, biological pathways related to oxidation and glucose conjugation were found to be significantly enriched only under the combination of pinoxaden application and high-temperature. Analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was conducted at several time points after treatment using a probe detecting H2O2/peroxides. Comparison of ROS accumulation among treatments revealed a significant reduction in ROS quantities 24 h after pinoxaden application only under high-temperature conditions. These results may indicate significant activity of enzymatic ROS scavengers that can be correlated with the activation of herbicide-resistance mechanisms. This study shows that up-regulation of genes related to metabolic resistance is not sufficient to explain temperature-dependent pinoxaden resistance. We suggest that elevated activity of enzymatic processes at high-temperature may induce rapid and efficient pinoxaden metabolism leading to temperature-dependent herbicide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zvi Peleg
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovot, Israel
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Sengupta A, Manna K, Datta S, Das U, Biswas S, Chakrabarti N, Dey S. Herbicide exposure induces apoptosis, inflammation, immune modulation and suppression of cell survival mechanism in murine model. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27883c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study demonstrates paraquat induced cellular toxicity in spleen and associated ROS generation, mitochondria dependent cellular apoptosis, inflammation and splenomegaly inSwiss Albinomice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaveri Sengupta
- Department of Physiology
- DST-PURSE & UGC-CPEPA Supported Department
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (CRNN)
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata – 700009
| | - Krishnendu Manna
- Department of Physiology
- DST-PURSE & UGC-CPEPA Supported Department
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (CRNN)
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata – 700009
| | - Siddhartha Datta
- Department of Physiology
- DST-PURSE & UGC-CPEPA Supported Department
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (CRNN)
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata – 700009
| | - Ujjal Das
- Department of Physiology
- DST-PURSE & UGC-CPEPA Supported Department
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (CRNN)
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata – 700009
| | - Sushobhan Biswas
- Department of Physiology
- DST-PURSE & UGC-CPEPA Supported Department
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (CRNN)
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata – 700009
| | - Nilkanta Chakrabarti
- Department of Physiology
- DST-PURSE & UGC-CPEPA Supported Department
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (CRNN)
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata – 700009
| | - Sanjit Dey
- Department of Physiology
- DST-PURSE & UGC-CPEPA Supported Department
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (CRNN)
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata – 700009
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Cho IK, Jeong M, You AS, Park KH, Li QX. Pulmonary Proteome and Protein Networks in Response to the Herbicide Paraquat in Rats. JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2015; 8:67-79. [PMID: 26538867 PMCID: PMC4629535 DOI: 10.4172/jpb.1000354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) has been one of the most widely used herbicides in the world. PQ, when ingested, is toxic to humans and may cause acute respiratory distress syndrome. To investigate molecular perturbation in lung tissues caused by PQ, Sprague Dawley male rats were fed with PQ at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight for 20 times in four weeks. The effects of PQ on cellular processes and biological pathways were investigated by analyzing proteome in the lung tissues in comparison with the control. Among the detected proteins, 321 and 254 proteins were over-represented and under-represented, respectively, in the PQ-exposed rat lung tissues in comparison with the no PQ control. All over- and under-represented proteins were subjected to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis to create 25 biological networks and 38 pathways of interacting protein clusters. Over-represented proteins were involved in the C-jun-amino-terminal kinase pathway, caveolae-mediated endocytosis signaling, cardiovascular-cancer-respiratory pathway, regulation of clathrin-mediated endocytosis, non-small cell lung cancer signaling, pulmonary hypertension, glutamate receptor, immune response and angiogenesis. Under-represented proteins occurred in the p53 signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, cartilage development and angiogenesis inhibition in the PQ-treated lungs. The results suggest that PQ may generate reactive oxygen species, impair the MAPK/p53 signaling pathway, activate angiogenesis and depress apoptosis in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Kyu Cho
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Mihye Jeong
- Department of Agro-Food Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Chonbuk 565-851, Republic of Korea
| | - Are-Sun You
- Department of Agro-Food Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Chonbuk 565-851, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hun Park
- Department of Agro-Food Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Chonbuk 565-851, Republic of Korea
| | - Qing X. Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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