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Lu C, Chen Z, Lu H, Zhao K. Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via TLR4/MYD88/JNK pathway. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2024; 74:213-220. [PMID: 38799145 PMCID: PMC11111472 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.22-138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to explore the impact and potential mechanism of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS-PG) on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell behavior. ESCC cells from the Shanghai Cell Bank were used, and TLR4, MYD88, and JNK interference vectors were constructed using adenovirus. The cells were divided into six groups: Control, Model, Model + radiotherapy + LPS-PG, Model + radiotherapy + 3-MA, Model + radiotherapy + LPS-PG + 3-MA, and Model + radiotherapy. Various radiation doses were applied to determine the optimal dose, and a radioresistant ESCC cell model was established and verified. CCK8 assay measured cell proliferation, flow cytometry and Hoechst 33258 assay assessed apoptosis, and acridine orange fluorescence staining tested autophagy. Western blot analyzed the expression of LC3II, ATG7, P62, and p-ULK1. Initially, CCK8 and acridine orange fluorescence staining identified optimal LPS-PG intervention conditions. Results revealed that 10 ng/ml LPS-PG for 12 h was optimal. LPS-PG increased autophagy activity, while 3-MA decreased it. LPS-PG + 3-MA group exhibited reduced autophagy. LPS-PG promoted proliferation and autophagy, inhibiting apoptosis in radioresistant ESCCs. LPS-PG regulated TLR4/MYD88/JNK pathway, enhancing ESCC autophagy, proliferation, and radioresistance. In conclusion, LPS-PG, through the TLR4/MYD88/JNK pathway, promotes ESCC proliferation, inhibits apoptosis, and enhances radioresistance by inducing autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Lu
- Department of Oncology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Hongda Lu
- Department of Oncology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
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Danziger M, Xu F, Noble H, Yang P, Roque DM. Tubulin Complexity in Cancer and Metastasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1452:21-35. [PMID: 38805123 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-58311-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Tubulin plays a fundamental role in cellular function and as the subject for microtubule-active agents in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Microtubule-binding proteins (e.g., tau, MAP1/2/4, EB1, CLIP, TOG, survivin, stathmin) and posttranslational modifications (e.g., tyrosination, deglutamylation, acetylation, glycation, phosphorylation, polyamination) further diversify tubulin functionality and may permit additional opportunities to understand microtubule behavior in disease and to develop microtubule-modifying approaches to combat ovarian cancer. Tubulin-based structures that project from suspended ovarian cancer cells known as microtentacles may contribute to metastatic potential of ovarian cancer cells and could represent an exciting novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Danziger
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fuhua Xu
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Helen Noble
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peixin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dana M Roque
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Everolimus downregulates STAT3/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway to inhibit angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in TP53 mutant head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Oncotarget 2023; 14:85-95. [PMID: 36745547 PMCID: PMC9901561 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 mutant head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients exhibit poor clinical outcomes with 50-60% recurrence rates in advanced stage patients. In a recent phase II clinical trial, adjuvant therapy with everolimus (mTOR inhibitor) significantly increased 2-year progression-free survival in p53 mutated patients. TP53-driven mTOR activation in solid malignancies causes upregulation of HIF-1α and its target, downstream effector VEGF, by activating STAT3 cell signaling pathway. Here, we investigated the effects of everolimus on the STAT3/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway in TP53 mutant cell lines and xenograft models. Treatment with everolimus significantly inhibited cell growth in vitro and effectively reduced the growth of TP53 mutant xenografts in a minimal residual disease (MRD) model in nude mice. Everolimus treatment was associated with significant downregulation of STAT3/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway in both models. Further, treatment with everolimus was associated with attenuation in tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis as indicated by decreased microvessel density of vascular and lymphatic vessels in HN31 and FaDu xenografts. Everolimus downregulated the STAT3/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway to inhibit growth and in vitro tube formation of HMEC-1 (endothelial) and HMEC-1A (lymphatic endothelial) cell lines. Our studies demonstrated that everolimus inhibits the growth of TP53 mutant tumors by inhibiting angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis through the downregulation of STAT3/HIF-1α/VEGF signaling.
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Roles for Autophagy in Esophageal Carcinogenesis: Implications for Improving Patient Outcomes. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111697. [PMID: 31683722 PMCID: PMC6895837 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is among the most aggressive forms of human malignancy with five-year survival rates of <20%. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process that degrades and recycles damaged organelles and misfolded proteins to maintain cellular homeostasis. While alterations in autophagy have been associated with carcinogenesis across tissues, cell type- and context-dependent roles for autophagy have been reported. Herein, we review the current knowledge related to autophagy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), the two most common subtypes of esophageal malignancy. We explore roles for autophagy in the development and progression of ESCC and EAC. We then continue to discuss molecular markers of autophagy as they relate to esophageal patient outcomes. Finally, we summarize current literature examining roles for autophagy in ESCC and EAC response to therapy and discuss considerations for the potential use of autophagy inhibitors as experimental therapeutics that may improve patient outcomes in esophageal cancer.
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Melling N, Norrenbrock S, Kluth M, Simon R, Hube-Magg C, Steurer S, Hinsch A, Burandt E, Jacobsen F, Wilczak W, Quaas A, Bockhorn M, Grupp K, Tachezy M, Izbicki J, Sauter G, Gebauer F. p53 overexpression is a prognosticator of poor outcome in esophageal cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:3826-3834. [PMID: 30881503 PMCID: PMC6403495 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry studies on p53 inactivation in esophageal cancer are available with inconclusive results. Data on the combined effect of p53 protein accumulation and TP53 genomic deactivation in large scale studies for esophageal cancer are currently lacking. A tissue microarray with 691 esophageal cancer samples was analyzed by p53 immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Nuclear p53 accumulation was observed in 45.9% of patients with adenocarcinoma (AC) and in 40.0% in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Heterozygous TP53 deletions occurred in 40.9% in AC and in 19.4% in SCC. Homozygous deletions did not occur at all. High-level p53 immunostaining was associated with shortened overall survival in AC and SCC while TP53 deletions alone showed no correlation with survival. High-level p53 immunostaining in patients with AC was associated with advanced tumor (P=0.019) and Union for International Cancer Control stages (P=0.004), grading (P=0.027) and the resection margin status (P=0.006). Associations between p53 immunostaining and SCC were not found. TP53 deletions were found to be associated with advanced tumor stages (P=0.028) and the presence of lymph node metastasis (P=0.009) in SCC. In conclusion, strong p53 immunostaining, but not TP53 deletion alone, is associated with unfavorable outcomes and may therefore represent a clinically useful molecular marker in esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Melling
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Norrenbrock
- Institute for Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute for Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute for Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute for Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute for Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute for Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute for Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute for Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute for Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Maximillian Bockhorn
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Grupp
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Tachezy
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute for Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Gebauer
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
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Hall TM, Tétreault MP, Hamilton KE, Whelan KA. Autophagy as a cytoprotective mechanism in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2018; 41:12-19. [PMID: 29677645 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is amongst the most aggressive human malignancies, representing a significant health burden worldwide. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process that degrades and recycles damaged organelles and misfolded proteins to maintain cellular homeostasis. Alterations in autophagy are associated with cancer pathogenesis, including ESCC; however, the functional role of autophagy in ESCC remains elusive. Here, we discuss the clinical relevance of autophagy effectors in ESCC and review current knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms through which autophagy contributes to ESCC. We highlight the cytoprotective role of autophagy in ESCC and discuss autophagy inhibitors as novel experimental therapeutics to potentiate the effects of anti-cancer therapies and/or to overcome therapeutic resistance in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Hall
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Marie-Pier Tétreault
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kathryn E Hamilton
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kelly A Whelan
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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Yamashita K, Miyata H, Makino T, Masuike Y, Furukawa H, Tanaka K, Miyazaki Y, Takahashi T, Kurokawa Y, Yamasaki M, Nakajima K, Takiguchi S, Morii E, Mori M, Doki Y. High Expression of the Mitophagy-Related Protein Pink1 is Associated with a Poor Response to Chemotherapy and a Poor Prognosis for Patients Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2017; 24:4025-4032. [PMID: 29022200 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-017-6096-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy plays a major role in cellular homeostasis and is implicated in cancer progression. Damaged mitochondria are scavenged and eliminated by mitochondrial autophagy, referred to as mitophagy, which can promote cancer cell survival. This study investigated the expression and effects of the autophagy-related protein LC3 and the mitophagy-related protein Pink1 in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS Both LC3 and Pink1 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in tissues from 217 ESCC patients, including 159 patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The relationships between LC3 and Pink1 expression and various clinicopathologic factors were determined. In vitro assays were performed to assess the role of LC3 and Pink1 in ESCC chemoresistance. RESULTS High LC3 expression was observed in 47.9% and high Pink1 expression in 48.4% of the ESCC patients. Pink1 expression was significantly higher in patients who underwent chemotherapy than in patients who did not (p = 0.032). High LC3 and Pink1 expression was significantly correlated with poor response to chemotherapy (p = 0.004 and p < 0.001, respectively), and high expression of Pink1, but not LC3, was significantly correlated with a poor prognosis for patients treated with preoperative chemotherapy (p = 0.007). Multivariate analysis identified Pink1 expression as an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.042). In vitro assays demonstrated that LC3-II and Pink1 expression increased after chemotherapeutic treatment in the ESCC cell line, and inhibition of autophagy and mitophagy using chloroquine and siPink1, respectively, restored chemosensitivity. CONCLUSIONS High expression of Pink1 is associated with chemoresistance and a poor prognosis for ESCC patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan. .,Department of Surgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Tomoki Makino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasunori Masuike
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruna Furukawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miyazaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukinori Kurokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamasaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuji Takiguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Wang C, Wang J, Chen Z, Gao Y, He J. Immunohistochemical prognostic markers of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2017; 36:65. [PMID: 28818096 PMCID: PMC5561640 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-017-0232-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an aggressive malignancy, with a high incidence and poor prognosis. In the past several decades, hundreds of proteins have been reported to be associated with the prognosis of ESCC, but none has been widely accepted to guide clinical care. This study aimed to identify proteins with great potential for predicting prognosis of ESCC. Methods We conducted a systematic review on immunohistochemical (IHC) prognostic markers of ESCC according to the 2009 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Guidelines. Literature related to IHC prognostic markers of ESCC were searched from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library until January 30th, 2017. The risk of bias of these original studies was evaluated using the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool. Results We identified 11 emerging IHC markers with reproducible results, including eight markers [epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Cyclin D1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Survivin, Podoplanin, Fascin, phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR), and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2)] indicating unfavorable prognosis and 3 markers (P27, P16, and E-cadherin) indicating favorable prognosis of ESCC. Conclusion Strong evidence supports that these 11 emerging IHC markers or their combinations may be useful in predicting prognosis and aiding personalized therapy decision-making for ESCC patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40880-017-0232-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunni Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Science Building, No.17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, PO Box 2258, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Jingnan Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Science Building, No.17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, PO Box 2258, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoli Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Science Building, No.17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, PO Box 2258, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Yibo Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Science Building, No.17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, PO Box 2258, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China.
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Science Building, No.17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, PO Box 2258, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China. .,Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China.
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Ma HX, Liu WW, Li SW, Li SY. Relationship between P53 status and prognosis and clinicopathologic characteristics in esophagus squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:5829-5842. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i36.5829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the prognostic role of p53 status and its relationship with clinicopathologic characteristics in esophagus squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).
METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed, SCI-Ex-panded, EMBASE, the Cochrane library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM), and science and technology periodical database (VIP) was performed. Related references were also searched for additional clinical studies. Two reviewers independently performed screening of identified studies and data extracting according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality assessment was conducted on the basis of the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS). The evaluation of the publication bias of the included studies and data synthesis were performed with RevMan 5.3. A fixed-effect or random effects model was adopted according to heterogeneity.
RESULTS: A total of 85 studies involing 8825 cases met the inclusion criteria. The experimental group (4608 cases) was positive for either p53 gene mutation or protein expression, and the control group (4217 cases) was negative for either p53 gene mutation or protein expression. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) for OS was 1.35 (95%CI: 1.23-1.47, P < 0.00001; heterogeneity: P = 0.39, I2 = 5%). The pooled risk ratio (RR) for the 5-year and 3-year survival rates was 0.73 (95%CI: 0.62-0.87, P = 0.0003; heterogeneity: P = 0.001, I2 = 50%) and 0.87 (95%CI: 0.74-1.02, P = 0.09; heterogeneity: P = 0.28, I2 = 18%). p53 gene mutation or protein expression was significantly associated with poorer T stage (RR = 1.09, P = 0.004), N stage (RR = 1.24, P < 0.00001), M stage (RR = 1.65, P < 0.00001), TNM stage (RR = 1.25, P < 0.00001) and differentiation degree (RR = 1.06, P = 0.03). However, there were no association between P53 status and vascular invasion, tumor location, size, age or gender in ESCC (P>0.05).
CONCLUSION: p53 gene mutation or protein expression abnormality is a marker of poor prognosis in patients with ESCC. Meantime, patients with P53 abnormalities are associated with higher depth of invasion, higher rate of lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis, later TNM stage, and poorer grade of differentiation.
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Guo QX, Pu X, Liu J, Yang CW. Significance of expression of p53, nm23 and Ki-67 in esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:3644-3648. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i24.3644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the significance of expression of p53, nm23 and Ki-67 in esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma.
METHODS: The expression of p53, nm23 and Ki-67 in 42 esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma specimens was assessed by immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS: The positive expression rate of p53 in esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma was 97.62%, and the high expression rate was 90.48%; the positive expression rate of nm23 was 57.14%, and the high expression rate was 33.33%; the positive expression rate of Ki-67 was 97.62%, and the high expression rate was 61.90%. p53 and Ki-67 were highly expressed in esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma. The expression of p53 and Ki-67 in esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma had no significant association with age, sex, tumor site, pathological classification, depth of invasion or lymphatic metastasis (P > 0.05). The expression of nm23 had no significant association with age, sex, tumor site, or pathological classification (P > 0.05), but was significantly associated with depth of invasion and lymphatic metastasis (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The biological behavior and immunophenotype of esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma are different from those of other malignant tumors. High expression of p53 and Ki-67 has a close relationship with poor prognosis. The examination of p53, Ki-67 and nm23 expression may be helpful to judge prognosis of esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma.
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Zhang Y, Xue D, Wang X, Lu M, Gao B, Qiao X. Screening of kinase inhibitors targeting BRAF for regulating autophagy based on kinase pathways. Mol Med Rep 2013; 9:83-90. [PMID: 24213221 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify agents that regulate autophagy. A total of 544 differentially expressed genes were screened from the intersection set of GSE2435 and GSE31040, which was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and 19 differentially expressed kinases were selected according to a 'protein kinase database'. Gene ontology‑biological process (GO-BP) enrichment analysis revealed that the 19 kinases were mainly associated with phosphorylation. The protein-protein interaction network exhibited 30 differentially expressed genes that interacted with BRAF, and GO-BP enrichment analysis showed the function of these genes were mainly involved in cell death and apoptosis. The kinase-kinase inhibitor regulatory network identified16 kinase inhibitors that specifically inhibited BRAF. Previous studies indicated that sorafenib is capable of regulating autophagy and regorafenib has also been reported; however, there have been no studies regarding the regulation of autophagy by afatinib, selumetinib, PD318088, axitinib, TAK-733, GDC-0980, GSK2126458, PLX-4720, AS703026, trametinib, GDC-0941 and PF-04217903. Thus, these kinase inhibitors are potential targets for further study on the regulation of autophagy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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