1
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Golshan-Tafti M, Dastgheib SA, Bahrami R, Aarafi H, Foroughi E, Mirjalili SR, Kheirandish N, Aghasipour M, Shiri A, Azizi S, Aghili K, Manzourolhojeh M, Neamatzadeh H. A comprehensive consolidation of data on the relationship between IRF6 polymorphisms and non-syndromic cleft lip/palate susceptibility: From 79 case-control studies. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2024:101809. [PMID: 38431084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2024.101809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is a prevalent craniofacial birth defect on a global scale. A number of candidate genes have been identified as having an impact on NSCL/P. However, the association between interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) polymorphisms and NSCL/P has yielded inconsistent results, prompting the need for a meta-analysis to obtain more accurate estimates. METHODS We conducted a thorough screening of all relevant articles published up until November 15, 2023, in online bibliographic databases. The statistical analysis of the collected data was performed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (Version 4.0) software. RESULTS A total of 79 case-control studies, comprising 14,003 cases and 19,905 controls, were included in our analysis. The combined data indicated that the IRF6 rs642961 and rs2235371 polymorphisms were associated with an increased risk of NSCL/P in the overall population. However, no significant association was found between the rs2013162 and rs2235375 polymorphisms and the risk of NSCL/P in the overall population. Furthermore, subgroup analyses revealed significant correlations between the IRF6 rs642961, rs2235371, and rs2235375 polymorphisms and the risk of NSCL/P based on ethnic background and country of origin. Nevertheless, the rs2013162 polymorphism plays a protective role in Caucasians and mixed populations. CONCLUSIONS Our collective data indicates a significant association between the rs642961 and rs2235371 polymorphisms and the risk of NSCL/P in the overall population. The rs2235375 polymorphism could influence the susceptibility to NSCL/P based on ethnic background. Meanwhile, the rs2013162 polymorphism provides protective effects in Caucasian, mixed populations, and the Brazilian population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyed Alireza Dastgheib
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Bahrami
- Neonatal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Hossein Aarafi
- Department of Pediatrics, Islamic Azad University of Yazd, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Elnaz Foroughi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Mirjalili
- Mother and Newborn Health Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Naeimeh Kheirandish
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Maryam Aghasipour
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Amirmasoud Shiri
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Azizi
- Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Aghili
- Department of Radiology, Shahid Rahnemoon Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Manzourolhojeh
- Mother and Newborn Health Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hossein Neamatzadeh
- Mother and Newborn Health Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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2
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Memon A, Khidri FF, Waryah YM, Nigar R, Bhinder MA, Shaikh AM, Shaikh H, Waryah AM. Association of MSX1 Gene Variants with Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and/or Palate in the Pakistani Population. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2023:10556656231185218. [PMID: 37431261 DOI: 10.1177/10556656231185218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the association of MSX1 gene variants rs3821949 and rs12532 with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) in the Pakistani population. DESIGN Comparative cross-sectional study.Setting: Multicenter of CL/P malformation.Patients/Participants: Unrelated Non-Syndromic cleft Lip/Palate patients and healthy controls were enrolled. METHODS One hundred (n = 100) subjects with NSCL/P and n = 50 unrelated healthy controls were enrolled in a multicenter comparative cross-sectional study. A tetra amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to analyze MSXI gene single nucleotide variants (SNVs). RESULTS Among 100 NSCL/P subjects, the majority were males (56%; male: female = 1.27: 1). Most of the cases (74%) had cleft lip and palate (CLP) compared to isolated clefts. Genotyping of MSX1 gene variant rs3821949 showed an increased risk for NSCL/P in various genetic models (P < 0.0001), and the A allele exhibited a more than 4-fold increased risk among cases (OR = 4.22: 95% CI = 2.16-8.22; P < 0.0001). Our investigation found no significant difference between the rs12532 variation and NSCL/P. CONCLUSION Our study findings suggest that MSX1 gene variants may increase predisposition to NSCL/P in the Pakistani population. Further studies comprising large samples are required to identify the genetic aetiology of NSCL/P among our people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anny Memon
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Feriha Fatima Khidri
- Department of Biochemistry, Bilawal Medical College, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Yar Muhammad Waryah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Sindh Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Hyderabad, Pakistan
| | - Roohi Nigar
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Bilawal Medical College, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Munir Ahmad Bhinder
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Hina Shaikh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Ali Muhammad Waryah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
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3
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Kang G, Baek SH, Kim YH, Kim DH, Park JW. Genetic Risk Assessment of Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip with or without Cleft Palate by Linking Genetic Networks and Deep Learning Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054557. [PMID: 36901988 PMCID: PMC10003462 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent deep learning algorithms have further improved risk classification capabilities. However, an appropriate feature selection method is required to overcome dimensionality issues in population-based genetic studies. In this Korean case-control study of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P), we compared the predictive performance of models that were developed by using the genetic-algorithm-optimized neural networks ensemble (GANNE) technique with those models that were generated by eight conventional risk classification methods, including polygenic risk score (PRS), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and deep-learning-based artificial neural network (ANN). GANNE, which is capable of automatic input SNP selection, exhibited the highest predictive power, especially in the 10-SNP model (AUC of 88.2%), thus improving the AUC by 23% and 17% compared to PRS and ANN, respectively. Genes mapped with input SNPs that were selected by using a genetic algorithm (GA) were functionally validated for risks of developing NSCL/P in gene ontology and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses. The IRF6 gene, which is most frequently selected via GA, was also a major hub gene in the PPI network. Genes such as RUNX2, MTHFR, PVRL1, TGFB3, and TBX22 significantly contributed to predicting NSCL/P risk. GANNE is an efficient disease risk classification method using a minimum optimal set of SNPs; however, further validation studies are needed to ensure the clinical utility of the model for predicting NSCL/P risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geon Kang
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hak Baek
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Oral Health Science, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Wan Park
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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4
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Neela PK, Gosla SR, Husain A, Mohan V, Thumoju S, Rajeshwari BV. Association of Nucleotide Variants of GRHL3, IRF6, NAT2, SDC2, BCL3, and PVRL1 Genes with Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip With/Without Cleft Palate in Multigenerational Families: A Retrospective Study. Contemp Clin Dent 2021; 12:138-142. [PMID: 34220153 PMCID: PMC8237814 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_329_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several genes are associated with the etiology of cleft lip and palate (CLP) in different populations. Many nucleotide variants on genes such as GRHL3, IRF6, NAT2, SDC2, BCL3, and PVRL1 were reported in different populations, but not studied in multigenerational cases in the Indian population. Aim and Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate whether nucleotide variants rs41268753, rs861020, rs1041983, rs1042381, rs2965169, and rs10790332 are involved in the etiology of nonsyndromic CLP (NSCLP) in multigenerational Indian families. Study Design: Retrospective genetic study. Materials and Methods: Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 multigenerational families with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) were selected. Blood samples from both affected and unaffected participants were collected as a source of genomic DNA. Six nucleotide variants on these genes were genotyped to test for the association with NSCL/P. Genotyping was performed with the MassArray method. Genotype distribution was used to calculate the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium using PLINK, a whole-genome association analysis toolset. The allelic association was compared among cases and controls using Chi-square test as implemented in PLINK. P ≤ 0.05 indicates statistical differences between groups. Results: No significant associations were found between individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms and NSCL/P. The odds ratio was 1.531, 1.198, 0.8082, 1.418, 1, and 0.5929 for polymorphisms rs41268753, rs861020, rs1041983, rs1042381, rs2965169, and rs10790332, respectively. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that among the multigenerational families in our population, the high-risk nucleotide variants GRHL3 rs41268753, IRF6 rs861020, NAT2 rs1041983, SDC2 rs1042381, BCL3 rs2965169, and PVRL1 rs10790332 are not associated with increased risk of NSCL/P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Neela
- GSR Institute of Craniomaxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Hyderabad, India.,Department of Orthodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Nalgonda, Telangana, India
| | - Srinivas Reddy Gosla
- GSR Institute of Craniomaxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Hyderabad, India.,Department of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery, AIIMS, Rishikesh, India
| | - Akhter Husain
- Department of Orthodontics, Yenepoya Dental College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India
| | - Vasavi Mohan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Vasavi Medical and Research Centre, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sravya Thumoju
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Vasavi Medical and Research Centre, Hyderabad, India
| | - B V Rajeshwari
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Vasavi Medical and Research Centre, Hyderabad, India.,Department of OBG, Surabhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Telangana, India
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5
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Abstract
Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are the most common congenital birth defects in humans and immediately recognized at birth. The etiology remains complex and poorly understood and seems to result from multiple genetic and environmental factors along with gene-environment interactions. It can be classified into syndromic (30%) and nonsyndromic (70%) clefts. Nonsyndromic OFCs include clefts without any additional physical or cognitive deficits. Recently, various genetic approaches, such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS), candidate gene association studies, and linkage analysis, have identified multiple genes involved in the etiology of OFCs. This article provides an insight into the multiple genes involved in the etiology of OFCs. Identification of specific genetic causes of clefts helps in a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of OFC. In the near future, it helps to provide a more accurate diagnosis, genetic counseling, personalized medicine for better clinical care, and prevention of OFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahamad Irfanulla Khan
- Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, The Oxford Dental College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Prashanth CS
- Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, DAPM R.V. Dental College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Narasimha Murthy Srinath
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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6
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Yang CW, Shi JY, Yin B, Shi B, Jia ZL. Mutation at Paired box gene 9 is associated with non-syndromic cleft lip only from Western Han Chinese population. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 117:104829. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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7
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Oliver JD, Turner EC, Halpern LR, Jia S, Schneider P, D'Souza RN. Molecular Diagnostics and In Utero Therapeutics for Orofacial Clefts. J Dent Res 2020; 99:1221-1227. [PMID: 32609569 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520936245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Orofacial clefts and their management impose a substantial burden on patients, on their families, and on the health system. Under the current standard of care, affected patients are subjected to a lifelong journey of corrective surgeries and multidisciplinary management to replace bone and soft tissues, as well as restore esthetics and physiologic functions while restoring self-esteem and psychological health. Hence, a better understanding of the dynamic interplay of molecular signaling pathways at critical phases of palate development is necessary to pioneer novel prenatal interventions. Such pathways include transforming growth factor-β (Tgfβ), sonic hedgehog (Shh), wingless-integrated site (Wnt)/β-catenin, bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp), and fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) and its associated receptors, among others. Here, we summarize commonly used surgical methods used to correct cleft defects postnatally. We also review the advances made in prenatal diagnostics of clefts through imaging and genomics and the various in utero surgical corrections that have been attempted thus far. An overview of how key mediators of signaling that drive palatogenesis are emphasized in the context of the framework and rationale for the development and testing of therapeutics in animal model systems and in humans is provided. The pros and cons of in utero therapies that can potentially restore molecular homeostasis needed for the proper growth and fusion of palatal shelves are presented. The theme advanced throughout this review is the need to develop preclinical molecular therapies that could ultimately be translated into human trials that can correct orofacial clefts at earlier stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Oliver
- School of Medicine and School of Dentistry, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - E C Turner
- University of Western Australia Dental School, Perth, Western Australia
| | - L R Halpern
- School of Medicine and School of Dentistry, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - S Jia
- School of Medicine and School of Dentistry, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - P Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - R N D'Souza
- School of Medicine and School of Dentistry, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,University of Utah, Departments of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Pathology, and Surgery, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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8
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Vsevolozhskaya OA, Shi M, Hu F, Zaykin DV. DOT: Gene-set analysis by combining decorrelated association statistics. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007819. [PMID: 32287273 PMCID: PMC7182280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, the majority of statistical association methods have been designed assuming availability of SNP-level information. However, modern genetic and sequencing data present new challenges to access and sharing of genotype-phenotype datasets, including cost of management, difficulties in consolidation of records across research groups, etc. These issues make methods based on SNP-level summary statistics particularly appealing. The most common form of combining statistics is a sum of SNP-level squared scores, possibly weighted, as in burden tests for rare variants. The overall significance of the resulting statistic is evaluated using its distribution under the null hypothesis. Here, we demonstrate that this basic approach can be substantially improved by decorrelating scores prior to their addition, resulting in remarkable power gains in situations that are most commonly encountered in practice; namely, under heterogeneity of effect sizes and diversity between pairwise LD. In these situations, the power of the traditional test, based on the added squared scores, quickly reaches a ceiling, as the number of variants increases. Thus, the traditional approach does not benefit from information potentially contained in any additional SNPs, while our decorrelation by orthogonal transformation (DOT) method yields steady gain in power. We present theoretical and computational analyses of both approaches, and reveal causes behind sometimes dramatic difference in their respective powers. We showcase DOT by analyzing breast cancer and cleft lip data, in which our method strengthened levels of previously reported associations and implied the possibility of multiple new alleles that jointly confer disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A. Vsevolozhskaya
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Min Shi
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Fengjiao Hu
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Dmitri V. Zaykin
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
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9
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Lancia M, Machado RA, Dionísio TJ, Garib DG, Santos CFD, Coletta RD, Neves LTD. Association between MSX1 rs12532 polymorphism with nonsyndromic unilateral complete cleft lip and palate and tooth agenesis. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 109:104556. [PMID: 31568994 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association of MSX1 rs12532 polymorphism with the risk of nonsyndromic unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (NSCLP) and tooth agenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study is comprised of 384 individuals divided into 4 groups: group 1, patients with unilateral complete NSCLP and premolar agenesis (n = 57); group 2, patients with unilateral NSCLP without tooth agenesis (n = 117); group 3, patients with premolar agenesis without oral cleft (n = 53) and group 4 (n = 157), a control group with individuals without tooth agenesis and oral cleft. Genotyping of rs12532 was carried out with Taqman chemistry, and associations were investigated using logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Overall rs12532 allele and genotype distributions revealed no significant differences between the groups of NSCLP or tooth agenesis. CONCLUSION Although our results are consistent with a lack of association of MSX1 rs12532 and the risk of unilateral NSCLP and tooth agenesis, further studies with additional SNPs and a more diverse ethnic cohort are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Lancia
- Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Assis Machado
- Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo (HRAC/USP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago José Dionísio
- Laboratory Specialist, Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Gamba Garib
- Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Post-Graduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo (HRAC/USP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ferreira Dos Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo D Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucimara Teixeira das Neves
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Post-Graduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo (HRAC/USP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
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10
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Xing Y, Zhang W, Wan X, Hong Z, Zhao H, Liang W, Shi L, Chen J, Zhong X, Zhou J, Tang S. Association Between an Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 Gene Polymorphism and Nonsyndromic Cleft Palate Risk. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2019; 23:652-663. [PMID: 31448957 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2018.0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Involvement of interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) gene polymorphisms in nonsyndromic cleft palate (NSCP) risk remains controversial. This investigation was performed to evaluate the relationship between IRF6 gene polymorphisms and NSCP risk. Materials and Methods: Two hundred forty-one patients with NSCP (including 103 complete trio families) were recruited, and 242 unaffected individuals were included as controls. Polymorphisms for the IRF6 rs2235371, rs801619, rs642961, rs44844880, and rs8049367 loci were characterized in both groups. Furthermore, eligible studies were identified from the databases through June 1, 2017, and were included in a meta-analysis to enhance the robustness of our conclusions. Results: The IRF6 rs2235371 A allele and AA genotype in the case group were found at higher frequencies than in the control group (A allele: p < 0.0016; AA genotype: p < 0.0049). The IRF6 rs801619 AA genotype and G allele were associated with NSCP risk (G allele: p < 0.0061; AA genotype: p < 0.0195). At the IRF6 rs642961, rs44844880, and rs8049367 loci genotype and allele frequencies were not statistically different between the NSCP group and normal controls. In the meta-analysis, the IRF6 A/G gene polymorphism (rs2235371) and IRF6 A/G gene polymorphism (rs642961) were associated with NSCP risk in the general population, whereas the IRF6 A/C gene polymorphism (rs2013162) was not. Conclusion: The IRF6 A/G gene polymorphisms at rs2235371 and rs642961, but not the IRF6 A/C gene polymorphism rs2013162, were associated with NSCP risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xing
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wancong Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinhong Wan
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Longgang District Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiqian Hong
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hanxing Zhao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weijie Liang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lungang Shi
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiasheng Chen
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhong
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianda Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shijie Tang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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11
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Tasanarong P, Pabalan N, Tharabenjasin P, Jarjanazi H. MSX1 gene polymorphisms and non-syndromic cleft lip with or without palate (NSCL/P): A meta-analysis. Oral Dis 2019; 25:1492-1501. [PMID: 31132300 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-syndromic cleft lip, with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P), is a common craniofacial birth defect, the risk of which is influenced from multiple genetic loci. Association study outcomes between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the muscle segment homeobox gene 1 (MSX1) and NSCL/P have been inconsistent. This compels a meta-analysis to obtain more precise estimates. METHODS From 15 publications, we examined 12 SNPs under six groups (SG), based on linkage disequilibrium. Pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated under the standard genetic models. The pooled effects were subjected to subgroup, outlier, sensitivity, and funnel plot (publication bias) analyses. RESULTS Three of the six SGs showed significant associations. SG1 and SG4 effects indicated reduced risks. SG1 outcomes were attributed to outlier treatment, which the Asian outcomes validated. In contrast, increased risks were observed in SG3. All these significant outcomes were deemed robust by sensitivity analysis with no evidence of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows eight MSX1 SNPs associated with risk of NSCL/P. SG1 and SG4 carriers are protected (up to 23%), but SG3 carriers are 1.3-fold susceptible. Outlier treatment unmasked the significant associations in SG1. Non-heterogeneity and robustness helped elevate the level of evidence in our significant findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinda Tasanarong
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Noel Pabalan
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Phuntila Tharabenjasin
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Hamdi Jarjanazi
- Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Thompson J, Mendoza F, Tan E, Bertol JW, Gaggar AS, Jun G, Biguetti C, Fakhouri WD. A cleft lip and palate gene, Irf6, is involved in osteoblast differentiation of craniofacial bone. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:221-232. [PMID: 30684382 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) plays a critical role in embryonic tissue development, including differentiation of epithelial cells. Besides orofacial clefting due to haploinsufficiency of IRF6, recent human genetic studies indicated that mutations in IRF6 are linked to small mandible and digit abnormalities. The function of IRF6 has been well studied in oral epithelium; however, its role in craniofacial skeletal formation remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of Irf6 in craniofacial bone development using comparative analyses between wild-type (WT) and Irf6-null littermate mice. RESULTS Immunostaining revealed the expression of IRF6 in hypertrophic chondrocytes, osteocytes, and bone matrix of craniofacial tissues. Histological analysis of Irf6-null mice showed a remarkable reduction in the number of lacunae, embedded osteocytes in matrices, and a reduction in mineralization during bone formation. These abnormalities may explain the decreased craniofacial bone density detected by micro-CT, loss of incisors, and mandibular bone abnormality of Irf6-null mice. To validate the autonomous role of IRF6 in bone, extracted primary osteoblasts from calvarial bone of WT and Irf6-null pups showed no effect on osteoblastic viability and proliferation. However, a reduction in mineralization was detected in Irf6-null cells. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these findings suggest an autonomous role of Irf6 in regulating bone differentiation and mineralization. Developmental Dynamics 248:221-232, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Thompson
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Fabian Mendoza
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Ethan Tan
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Jessica Wildgrube Bertol
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Arju S Gaggar
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Goo Jun
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Claudia Biguetti
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo
| | - Walid D Fakhouri
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.,Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center and MD Anderson Cancer Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
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13
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Li R, Chen Z, Yu Q, Weng M, Chen Z. The Function and Regulatory Network of Pax9 Gene in Palate Development. J Dent Res 2018; 98:277-287. [PMID: 30583699 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518811861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cleft palate, a common congenital deformity, can arise from disruptions in any stage of palatogenesis, including palatal shelf growth, elevation, adhesion, and fusion. Paired box gene 9 (Pax9) is recognized as a vital regulator of palatogenesis with great relevance to cleft palate in humans and mice. Pax9-deficient murine palatal shelves displayed deficient elongation, postponed elevation, failed contact, and fusion. Pax9 is expressed in epithelium and mesenchyme, exhibiting a dynamic expression pattern that changes according to the proceeding of palatogenesis. Recent studies highlighted the Pax9-related genetic interactions and their critical roles during palatogenesis. During palate growth, PAX9 interacts with numerous molecules and members of pathways (e.g., OSR2, FGF10, SHOS2, MSX1, BARX1, TGFβ3, LDB1, BMP, WNT β-catenin dependent, and EDA) in the mesenchyme and functions as a key mediator in epithelial-mesenchymal communications with FGF8, TBX1, and the SHH pathway. During palate elevation, PAX9 is hypothesized to mediate the time point of the elevation event in the anterior and posterior parts of the palatal shelves. The delayed elevation of Pax9 mutant palatal shelves probably results from abnormal expressions of a series of genes ( Osr2 and Bmpr1a) leading to deficient palate growth, abnormal tongue morphology, and altered hyaluronic acid distribution. The interactions between PAX9 and genes encoding the OSR2, TGFβ3, and WNT β-catenin-dependent pathways provide evidence that PAX9 might participate in the regulation of palate fusion. This review summarizes the current understanding of PAX9’s functions and emphasizes the interactions between PAX9 and vital genes during palatogenesis. We hope to provide some clues for further exploration of the function and mechanism of PAX9, especially during palate elevation and fusion events.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Z. Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Q. Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - M. Weng
- Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Z. Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Zhou R, Wang M, Li W, Wang S, Zhou Z, Li J, Wu T, Zhu H, Beaty TH. Gene-Gene Interactions among SPRYs for Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip/Palate. J Dent Res 2018; 98:180-185. [PMID: 30273098 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518801537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is a common birth defect with a complex genetic architecture. Gene-gene interactions have been increasingly regarded as contributing to the etiology of NSCL/P. A recent genome-wide association study revealed that a novel single-nucleotide polymorphism at SPRY1 in 4q28.1 showed a significant association with NSCL/P. In the current study, we explored the role of 3 SPRY genes in the etiology of NSCL/P by detecting gene-gene interactions: SPRY1, SPRY2, and SPRY4-with SPRY3 excluded due to its special location on the X chromosome. We selected markers in 3 SPRY genes to test for gene-gene interactions using 1,908 case-parent trios recruited from an international consortium established for a genome-wide association study of nonsyndromic oral clefts. As the trios came from populations with different ancestries, subgroup analyses were conducted among Europeans and Asians. Cordell's method based on conditional logistic regression models was applied to test for potential gene-gene interactions via the statistical package TRIO in R software. Gene-gene interaction analyses yielded 10 pairs of SNPs in Europeans and 6 pairs in Asians that achieved significance after Bonferroni correction. The significant interactions were confirmed in the 10,000-permutation tests (empirical P = 0.003 for the most significant interaction). The study identified gene-gene interactions among SPRY genes among 1,908 NSCL/P trios, which revealed the importance of potential gene-gene interactions for understanding the genetic architecture of NSCL/P. The evidence of gene-gene interactions in this study also provided clues for future biological studies to further investigate the mechanism of how SPRY genes participate in the development of NSCL/P.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zhou
- 1 School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - M Wang
- 1 School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - W Li
- 1 School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - S Wang
- 1 School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Z Zhou
- 2 School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - J Li
- 2 School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - T Wu
- 1 School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,3 Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - H Zhu
- 2 School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - T H Beaty
- 4 School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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15
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Gu M, Zhang Y, Liu H, Liu J, Zhu D, Yang X. MSH homeobox 1 polymorphisms and the risk of non-syndromic orofacial clefts: a meta-analysis. Eur J Oral Sci 2018; 126:180-185. [PMID: 29664137 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Gu
- Department of Dentistry; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; The First People's Hospital of Changzhou; Changzhou China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Dentistry; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; The First People's Hospital of Changzhou; Changzhou China
| | - Hualian Liu
- Department of Dentistry; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; The First People's Hospital of Changzhou; Changzhou China
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Dentistry; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; The First People's Hospital of Changzhou; Changzhou China
| | - Danxia Zhu
- Department of Oncology; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; The First People's Hospital of Changzhou; Changzhou China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Dentistry; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; The First People's Hospital of Changzhou; Changzhou China
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16
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Association between the IRF6 rs2235371 polymorphism and the risk of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in Chinese Han populations: A meta-analysis. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 84:161-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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17
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Wattanawong K, Rattanasiri S, McEvoy M, Attia J, Thakkinstian A. Association between IRF6 and 8q24 polymorphisms and nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate: Systematic review and meta-analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 106:773-88. [PMID: 27511269 PMCID: PMC5095821 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of interferon regulatory factor 6 and 8q24 polymorphisms with nonsyndromic cleft lip with/without cleft palate (NSCL/P). METHODS Data extraction was independently performed by two reviewers. Genotypic effects of four polymorphisms from 31 studies were pooled separately by ethnicity using a mixed-effect logit model with accounting for heterogeneity. RESULTS For rs2235371, AA and GA carried, respectively, 51% (95% confidence interval [CI], 37%-61%) and 42% (95% CI, 32%-50%) lower risks of NSCL/P than GG genotypes in Asians, but these genotypes were not significant in Caucasians. For rs2013162, only AA was significant, that is, carried 0.65 (95% CI, 0.52-0.82) times lower odds than CC in Caucasians but not for Asians. For rs642961, AA and GA genotypes, respectively, carried 2.47 (95% CI, 1.41-4.35) and 1.40 (95% CI, 1.12-1.75) times higher odds in Asian, and 2.03 (95% CI, 1.52-2.71) and 1.58 (95% CI, 1.37-1.82) times higher odds in Caucasians compare with GG genotypes. For rs987525, AA and CA genotypes carried 2.27 (95% CI, 1.43-3.60) and 1.34 (95% CI, 1.02-1.77) times higher odds in Asian, and 5.25 (95% CI, 3.98-6.91) and 2.13 (95% CI-1.82, 2.49) times higher odds in Caucasians, and 1.42 (95% CI, 1.10-1.82) and 1.28 (95% CI, 1.09-1.50) times higher odds in mixed ethnicities compared with CC genotypes. These variant effects remained significant based on applying Bonferroni corrected-thresholds, except in the mixed ethnicity. CONCLUSION We show robust variant effects in NSCL/P. Considering them with other genes and risk factors might be useful to improve prediction of NSCL/P occurrence. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:773-788, 2016. © 2016 The Authors Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kachin Wattanawong
- Section for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sasivimol Rattanasiri
- Section for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Mark McEvoy
- Centre for Clincial Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, NSW, Australia
| | - John Attia
- Centre for Clincial Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, NSW, Australia
| | - Ammarin Thakkinstian
- Section for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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18
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Luan F, Sun F, Xu C, Zhang H. WITHDRAWN: The MSX1 gene polymorphisms rs12532 and rs1001179 confer an increased risk of non syndromic orofacial clefts. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2016:S1010-5182(16)00029-9. [PMID: 27038504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Luan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo 255036, PR China.
| | - Fengling Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo 255036, PR China
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo 255036, PR China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo 255036, PR China
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19
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Association between BMP4 rs17563 polymorphism and NSCL/P risk: a meta-analysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:763090. [PMID: 25648829 PMCID: PMC4306361 DOI: 10.1155/2015/763090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To investigate the association between bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) rs17563 polymorphism and nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without palate (NSCL/P) risk. Methods. Four online databases were researched and the related publications were collected. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was applied to assess the relationship; publication bias, metaregression, and sensitivity analysis were conducted to guarantee the strength of results. Results. Six published case-control studies were collected. Overall, no significant association between BMP4 rs17563 polymorphism and NSCL/P risk was found. It was notable that significant susceptibility on different ethnicity was observed in the stratified analysis. For Chinese population, the BMP4 rs17563 polymorphism was a significantly increased risk for NSCL/P (C versus T: OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.28–1.82, P < 0.01,
I2 = 0%; CC versus TT: OR = 2.58, 95% CI = 1.74–3.82,
P < 0.01,
I2 = 0%; TC + CC versus TT: OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.14–1.84,
P < 0.01,
I2 = 0%; CC versus TT + TC: OR=2.46, 95% CI = 1.46–4.14,
P < 0.01, I2 = 47.0%). On the contrary, significantly protective effects were found in Brazilian population (C versus T: OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.50–0.96, P = 0.03,
I2 = 68.5%; TC versus TT: OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.40–0.68,
P < 0.01,
I2 = 0%; TC + CC versus TT: OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.35–0.78,
P < 0.010,
I2 = 54.4%). Conclusion. This meta-analysis indicated that BMP4 rs17563 polymorphism could play a different role during the development of NSCL/P based on ethnicity diversity.
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