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Fu YB, Liu CF, Wang JJ, Ji XL, Tang RH, Liao KY, Chen LY, Hong YZ, Fan BB, Wang SC, Liu WH. Immunomodulatory Function of Pien Tze Huang in T Cell-Mediated Anti-tumor Activity against B16-F10, MC38 and Hep1-6 Tumor Models. Chin J Integr Med 2024; 30:348-358. [PMID: 38212499 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-023-3749-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the anti-tumor effects of Pien Tze Huang (PZH) in mouse models of B16-F10 melanoma, MC38 colorectal cancer, Hep1-6 hepatocellular carcinoma and chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma model. METHODS Various tumor models, including B16-F10, MC38 and Hep1-6 tumor hypodermic inoculation models, B16-F10 and Hep1-6 pulmonary metastasis models, Hep1-6 orthotopic implantation model, and chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma model, were utilized to evaluate the anti-tumor function of PZH. Tumor growth was assessed by measuring tumor size and weight of solid tumors isolated from C57BL/6 mice. For cell proliferation and death of tumor cells in vitro, as well as T cell activation markers, cytokine production and immune checkpoints analysis, single-cell suspensions were prepared from mouse spleen, lymph nodes, and tumors after PZH treatment. RESULTS PZH demonstrated significant therapeutic efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth (P<0.01). Treatment with PZH resulted in a reduction in tumor size in subcutaneous MC38 colon adenocarcinoma and B16-F10 melanoma models, and decreased pulmonary metastasis of B16-F10 melanoma and Hep1-6 hepatoma (P<0.01). However, in vitro experiments showed that PZH only had slight impact on the cell proliferation and survival of tumor cells (P>0.05). Nevertheless, PZH exhibited a remarkable ability to enhance T cell activation and the production of interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 2 in CD4+ T cells in vitro (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Importantly, PZH substantially inhibited T cell exhaustion and boosted cytokine production by tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells (P<0.01 or P<0.05). CONCLUSION This study has confirmed a novel immunomodulatory function of PZH in T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity, indicating that PZH holds promise as a potential therapeutic agent for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Bing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
| | - Chen-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
| | - Jin-Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
| | - Rong-Han Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
| | - Kun-Yu Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
| | - Ling-Yue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
| | - Ya-Zhen Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
| | - Bin-Bin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
| | - Shi-Cong Wang
- Fujian Pien Tze Huang Enterprise Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Research and Development, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, 363000, China
| | - Wen-Hsien Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China.
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Luo ZY, Tian Q, Cheng NM, Liu WH, Yang Y, Chen W, Zhang XZ, Zheng XY, Chen MS, Zhuang QY, Zhao BX, Liu CS, Liu XL, Li Q, Wang YC. Pien Tze Huang Inhibits Migration and Invasion of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Repressing PDGFRB/YAP/CCN2 Axis Activity. Chin J Integr Med 2024; 30:115-124. [PMID: 35947230 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3533-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Pien Tze Huang (PZH) on the migration and invasion of HCC cells and underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was applied to evaluate the cell viabilities of SMMC-7721, SK-Hep-1, C3A and HL-7702 (6 × 103 cells/well) co-incubated with different concentrations of PZH (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 mg/mL) for 24 h. Transwell, wound healing assay, CCK-8 and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining were conducted to investigate the effects of PZH on the migration, invasion, proliferation and apoptosis of SK-Hep-1 and SMMC-7721 cells (650 µ g/mL for SK-Hep-1 cells and 330 µ g/mL for SMMC-7721 cells), respectively. In vivo, lung metastasis mouse model constructed by tail vein injection of HCC cells was used for evaluating the anti-metastasis function of PZH. SK-Hep-1 cells (106 cells/200 µ L per mice) were injected into B-NDG mice via tail vein. Totally 8 mice were randomly divided into PZH and control groups, 4 mice in each group. After 2-d inoculation, mice in the PZH group were administered with PZH (250 mg/kg, daily) and mice in the control group received only vehicle (PBS) from the 2nd day after xenograft to day 17. Transcriptome analysis based on RNA-seq was subsequently used for deciphering anti-tumor mechanism of PZH. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were applied to verify RNA-seq results. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to examine the transcriptional activity of yes-associated protein (YAP). RESULTS PZH treatment significantly inhibited the migration, invasion, proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo (P<0.01). Transcriptome analysis indicated that Hippo signaling pathway was associated with anti-metastasis function of PZH. Mechanical study showed PZH significantly inhibited the expressions of platelet derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRB), YAP, connective tissue growth factor (CCN2), N-cadherin, vimentin and matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2, P<0.01). Meanwhile, the phosphorylation of YAP was also enhanced by PZH treatment in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, PZH played roles in inhibiting the transcriptional activity of YAP. CONCLUSION PZH restrained migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of HCC cells through repressing PDGFRB/YAP/CCN2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yi Luo
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China
- Fujian Pien Tze Huang Enterprise Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Research and Development, Zhangzhou Pien Tze Huang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, 363099, China
| | - Qi Tian
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering and Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Niang-Mei Cheng
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering and Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Wen-Han Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Ye Yang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering and Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Xiang-Zhi Zhang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering and Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Zheng
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering and Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Ming-Sheng Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Qiu-Yu Zhuang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering and Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Bi-Xing Zhao
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering and Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Cong-Sheng Liu
- Fujian Pien Tze Huang Enterprise Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Research and Development, Zhangzhou Pien Tze Huang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, 363099, China
| | - Xiao-Long Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering and Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Qin Li
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China.
- College of Biological Science and Engineering and Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China.
| | - Ying-Chao Wang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering and Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
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Bai F, Huang Z, Luo J, Qiu Y, Huang S, Huang C, Liu T, Zhang H, Wang D. Bibliometric and visual analysis in the field of traditional Chinese medicine in cancer from 2002 to 2022. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1164425. [PMID: 37469862 PMCID: PMC10352617 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1164425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used as a complementary treatment for cancer patients, but there has been no quantitative comprehensive analysis of TCM's efficacy. The purpose of this paper is to explore the current status and hotspots of TCM in cancer research from 2002 to 2022 and to provide a reference for future research. Methods: We retrieved articles published between 2002 and 2022 from the Web of Science database and analyzed them using R software, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace software. Results: A total of 7,129 articles were included in this study. The publication rate of TCM cancer research increased steadily from 2002 to 2022, with a rapid increase from 2010 to 2021. China was the country with the most published articles, followed by the United States, Republic of Korea, Germany, and Japan. China was also the country with the most international collaborations, and China Medical University and Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were the most representative cooperation centers. The Journal of Ethnopharmacology was the most published and cited journal. Apoptosis, expression, in vitro, activation, and other related keywords were commonly used in these articles. Breast cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, and lung cancer were the most studied cancer types in TCM research. Pathway-related apoptosis, anti-inflammation, and oxidative stress were the hotspots and trends of TCM's anti-cancer mechanism. Metabolomics combined with network pharmacology was the main research method. Conclusion: Traditional Chinese medicine as an anti-cancer drug has received increasing attention from researchers worldwide, and it is expected to be a hotspot for developing new anti-cancer drugs in the future. Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of the current status and hotspots of TCM cancer research, which could serve as a valuable reference for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Facheng Bai
- Pharmacy Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhenguang Huang
- Pharmacy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Pharmacy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Pharmacy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shuwen Huang
- Pharmacy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chenglong Huang
- Pharmacy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Taotao Liu
- Pharmacy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Pharmacy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Pharmacy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Lin X, Yang X, Yang Y, Zhang H, Huang X. Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine as sensitizer in reversing chemoresistance of colorectal cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1132141. [PMID: 36994201 PMCID: PMC10040588 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1132141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the incidences and mortalities from colorectal cancer (CRC) have been increasing; therefore, there is an urgent need to discover newer drugs that enhance drug sensitivity and reverse drug tolerance in CRC treatment. With this view, the current study focuses on understanding the mechanism of CRC chemoresistance to the drug as well as exploring the potential of different traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in restoring the sensitivity of CRC to chemotherapeutic drugs. Moreover, the mechanism involved in restoring sensitivity, such as by acting on the target of traditional chemical drugs, assisting drug activation, increasing intracellular accumulation of anticancer drugs, improving tumor microenvironment, relieving immunosuppression, and erasing reversible modification like methylation, have been thoroughly discussed. Furthermore, the effect of TCM along with anticancer drugs in reducing toxicity, increasing efficiency, mediating new ways of cell death, and effectively blocking the drug resistance mechanism has been studied. We aimed to explore the potential of TCM as a sensitizer of anti-CRC drugs for the development of a new natural, less-toxic, and highly effective sensitizer to CRC chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Lin
- The First Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- The First Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yushang Yang
- The First Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hangbin Zhang
- The First Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xuan Huang,
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Traditional Chinese medicine reverses cancer multidrug resistance and its mechanism. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 24:471-482. [PMID: 34643878 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02716-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the most commonly used clinical treatments among the currently available cancer therapies. However, the phenomenon of Multidrug resistance (MDR) has become a challenge in the treatment process, weakening the impact of chemotherapy. Extensive research on elucidating the development of cancer MDR has identified the following mechanisms that play a critical role in the development of several MDR reversal agents: abnormal expression of cell membrane transporters, adaptation of cancer cells to the microenvironment, regulation of hypoxia, repair of DNA damage and reduction of apoptosis, the enhancement of the EMT process, the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), and the abnormal activation of key signaling pathways. However, they failed to demonstrate significant efficacy due to severe side effects during their clinical trials. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) are known to play an important anti-cancer role since they have low toxicity, high efficacy, and safety and can reverse MDR. TCMs reversal agents can be divided into Chinese medicine monomers, synthetic monomers, analogs, or derivatives. Several studies have shown that TCMs can effectively overcome cancer MDR and can be effectively used for treating cancer patients.
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Phytomedicines Targeting Cancer Stem Cells: Therapeutic Opportunities and Prospects for Pharmaceutical Development. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070676. [PMID: 34358102 PMCID: PMC8308767 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of small subpopulations of cells within tumor cells are known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). These cells have been the reason for metastasis, resistance with chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and tumor relapse in several types of cancers. CSCs underwent to epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and resulted in the development of aggressive tumors. CSCs have potential to modulate numerous signaling pathways including Wnt, Hh, and Notch, therefore increasing the stem-like characteristics of cancer cells. The raised expression of drug efflux pump and suppression of apoptosis has shown increased resistance with anti-cancer drugs. Among many agents which were shown to modulate these, the plant-derived bioactive agents appear to modulate these key regulators and were shown to remove CSCs. This review aims to comprehensively scrutinize the preclinical and clinical studies demonstrating the effects of phytocompounds on CSCs isolated from various tumors. Based on the available convincing literature from preclinical studies, with some clinical data, it is apparent that selective targeting of CSCs with plants, plant preparations, and plant-derived bioactive compounds, termed phytochemicals, may be a promising strategy for the treatment of relapsed cancers.
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Sun Q, He M, Zhang M, Zeng S, Chen L, Zhao H, Yang H, Liu M, Ren S, Xu H. Traditional Chinese Medicine and Colorectal Cancer: Implications for Drug Discovery. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:685002. [PMID: 34276374 PMCID: PMC8281679 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.685002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important part of complementary and alternative medicine, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been applied to treat a host of diseases for centuries. Over the years, with the incidence rate of human colorectal cancer (CRC) increasing continuously and the advantage of TCM gradually becoming more prominent, the importance of TCM in both domestic and international fields is also growing with each passing day. However, the unknowability of active ingredients, effective substances, and the underlying mechanisms of TCM against this malignant tumor greatly restricts the translation degree of clinical products and the pace of precision medicine. In this review, based on the characteristics of TCM and the oral administration of most ingredients, we herein provide beneficial information for the clinical utilization of TCM in the prevention and treatment of CRC and retrospect the current preclinical studies on the related active ingredients, as well as put forward the research mode for the discovery of active ingredients and effective substances in TCM, to provide novel insights into the research and development of innovative agents from this conventional medicine for CRC treatment and assist the realization of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Haibo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Chen Z. Pien Tze Huang (PZH) as a Multifunction Medicinal Agent in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM): a review on cellular, molecular and physiological mechanisms. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:146. [PMID: 33658028 PMCID: PMC7931540 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01785-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
RELEVANCE Pien Tze Huang (PZH) is a well-known Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), characterized by a multitude of pharmacological effects, such as hepatoprotection and inhibition of inflammation and cell proliferative conditions. Many of these effects have been validated at the cellular, molecular and physiological levels but, to date, most of these findings have not been comprehensively disclosed. OBJECTIVES This review aims to provide a critical summary of recent studies focusing on PZH and its multiple pharmacological effects. As a result, we further discuss some novel perspectives related to PZH's mechanisms of action and a holistic view of its therapeutic activities. METHODS A systematic review was performed focusing on PZH studies originated from original scientific resources. The scientific literature retrieved for this work was obtained from International repositories including NCBI/PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. RESULTS The major active componentes and their potential functions, including hepatoprotective and neuroprotective effects, as well as anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities, were summarized and categorized accordingly. As indicated, most of the pharmacological effects were validated in vitro and in vivo. The identification of complex bioactive components in PZH may provide the basis for further therapeutic initiatives. CONCLUSION Here we have collectively discussed the recent evidences covering most, if not all, pharmacological effects driven by PZH. This review provides novel perspectives on understanding the modes of action and the holistic view of TCM. The rational development of future clinical trials will certainly provide evidence-based medical evidences that will also confirm the therapeutic advantages of PZH, based on the current information available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of PTH Natural Medicine Research and Development, Zhangzhou PTH Pharmaceutical CO., LTD, Zhangzhou, 363000, China.
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Lee GY, Lee JS, Son CG, Lee NH. Combating Drug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer Using Herbal Medicines. Chin J Integr Med 2020; 27:551-560. [PMID: 32740824 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-020-3425-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent and lethal cancer types around the world. Most of the CRC patients are treated with chemotherapeutic drugs alone or combined. However, up to 90% of metastatic cancer patients experience the failure of treatment mostly because of the acquired drug resistance, which can be led to multidrug resistance (MDR). In this study, we reviewed the recent literature which studied potential CRC MDR reversal agents among herbal medicines (HMs). Among abundant HMs, 6 single herbs, Andrographis paniculata, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Hedyotis diffusa, Sophora flavescens, Curcuma longa, Bufo gargarizans, and 2 formulae, Pien Tze Huang and Zhi Zhen Fang, were found to overcome CRC MDR by two or more different mechanisms, which could be a promising candidate in the development of new drugs for adjuvant CRC chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Young Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Cheonan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Cheonan, 31099, Republic of Korea.,Liver & Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, 35235, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Graduated School of Korean Medicine, University of Daejeon, Daejeon, 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Lee
- Liver & Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, 35235, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Graduated School of Korean Medicine, University of Daejeon, Daejeon, 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Liver & Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, 35235, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Graduated School of Korean Medicine, University of Daejeon, Daejeon, 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hun Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Cheonan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Cheonan, 31099, Republic of Korea. .,Liver & Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, 35235, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Graduated School of Korean Medicine, University of Daejeon, Daejeon, 34520, Republic of Korea.
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Huang H, Fang J, Fan X, Miyata T, Hu X, Zhang L, Zhang L, Cui Y, Liu Z, Wu X. Advances in Molecular Mechanisms for Traditional Chinese Medicine Actions in Regulating Tumor Immune Responses. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1009. [PMID: 32733246 PMCID: PMC7360845 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been developed for thousands of years with its various biological activities. The interest in TCM in tumor prevention and treatment is rising with its synergistic effect on tumor cells and tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment (TIM). Characteristic of TCM fits well within the whole system and multi-target cancer treatment. Herein we discuss the underlying mechanisms of TCM actions in TIM via regulating immunosuppressive cells, including restoring the antigen presentation function of dendritic cells, enhancing NK cells-mediated killing activity, restraining the functions of myeloid cell-derived suppressor cells, and inhibiting cancer-associated fibroblasts. TCM also regulates tumor progression through enhancing immune response, preventing immune escape and inducing cell death of tumor cells, which triggers immune response in nearby cells. In addition, we discuss TCM in clinical applications and the advantages and disadvantages of TCM in cancer prevention and treatment, as well as current therapeutic challenges and strategies. It might be helpful for understanding the therapeutic potential of TCM for cancer in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiansong Fang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiude Fan
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Tatsunori Miyata
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Xiaoyue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liangren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yimin Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wu
- Center for Liver Disease Research, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Therapeutic Potential of Pien-Tze-Huang: A Review on Its Chemical Composition, Pharmacology, and Clinical Application. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183274. [PMID: 31505740 PMCID: PMC6767116 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pien-Tze-Huang (PTH) is a famous and commonly used traditional Chinese medicine formula in China. It was first formulated by a royal physician of the Ming Dynasty (around 1555 AD). Recently, PTH has attracted attention worldwide due to its beneficial effects against various diseases, especially cancer. This paper systematically reviewed the up-to-date information on its chemical composition, pharmacology, and clinical application. A range of chemical compounds, mainly ginsenosides and bile acids, have been identified and quantified from PTH. Pharmacological studies indicated that PTH has beneficial effects against various cancers, hepatopathy, and ischemic stroke. Furthermore, PTH has been used clinically to treat various diseases in China, such as colorectal cancer, liver cancer, and hepatitis. In summary, PTH is a potential agent with extensive therapeutic effects for the treatment of various diseases. However, the lack of information on the side effects and toxicity of PTH is a non-negligible issue, which needs to be seriously studied in the future.
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Pien Tze Huang (片仔癀) Overcomes Doxorubicin Resistance and Inhibits Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in MCF-7/ADR Cells. Chin J Integr Med 2018; 25:598-603. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-018-2992-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Xu Y, Mao JJ, Sun L, Yang L, Li J, Hao Y, Li H, Hou W, Chu Y, Bai Y, Jia X, Wang J, Shen L, Zhang Y, Wang J, Liu J, Yang Y. Association Between Use of Traditional Chinese Medicine Herbal Therapy and Survival Outcomes in Patients With Stage II and III Colorectal Cancer: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2018; 2017:4617830. [PMID: 29140496 DOI: 10.1093/jncimonographs/lgx015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chinese cancer patients often use Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) herbal medicine during or after active cancer treatments. However, little is known about how TCM herbal medicine impacts cancer outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the association between TCM herbal therapy and survival outcomes in patients with stage II or III colorectal cancer. Methods We conducted an eight-center prospective cohort study in China among patients who had undergone radical resection for stage II and III colorectal cancer. All patients received comprehensive conventional treatments according to National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines, and follow-up visits were conducted over five years. We defined high exposure as a patient's use of TCM individualized herbs for more than one year, ascertained via clinical interviews. The primary outcome was disease-free survival (DFS), with overall survival (OS) as a secondary outcome. Results Between April 2007 and February 2009, we enrolled 312 patients into the cohort; 166 (53.2%) met the definition of high exposure to TCM herbs. Adjusting for covariates, high exposure to TCM was associated with both better DFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.39 to 0.98) and OS (HR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.14 to 0.68). In subgroup exploratory analysis, the effects demonstrated that the differences in outcomes were statistically significant in patients who had received chemotherapy. Conclusion Longer duration of TCM herbal use is associated with improved survival outcomes in stage II and III colorectal cancer patients in China. More research is needed to evaluate the effects and underlying mechanisms of herbal medicine on colorectal cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xu
- Oncology Department, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Integrative Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Internal Oncology Department, Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Gastroenterology Department, Peking University of Cancer Hospital and Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; Integrative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Oncology Department, Guanganmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Oncology Department, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing China; Gastroenterology Department, No. 1 Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China; Epidemiology Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jun J Mao
- Oncology Department, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Integrative Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Internal Oncology Department, Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Gastroenterology Department, Peking University of Cancer Hospital and Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; Integrative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Oncology Department, Guanganmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Oncology Department, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing China; Gastroenterology Department, No. 1 Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China; Epidemiology Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Oncology Department, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Integrative Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Internal Oncology Department, Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Gastroenterology Department, Peking University of Cancer Hospital and Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; Integrative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Oncology Department, Guanganmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Oncology Department, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing China; Gastroenterology Department, No. 1 Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China; Epidemiology Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Oncology Department, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Integrative Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Internal Oncology Department, Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Gastroenterology Department, Peking University of Cancer Hospital and Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; Integrative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Oncology Department, Guanganmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Oncology Department, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing China; Gastroenterology Department, No. 1 Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China; Epidemiology Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Oncology Department, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Integrative Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Internal Oncology Department, Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Gastroenterology Department, Peking University of Cancer Hospital and Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; Integrative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Oncology Department, Guanganmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Oncology Department, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing China; Gastroenterology Department, No. 1 Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China; Epidemiology Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yingxu Hao
- Oncology Department, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Integrative Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Internal Oncology Department, Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Gastroenterology Department, Peking University of Cancer Hospital and Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; Integrative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Oncology Department, Guanganmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Oncology Department, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing China; Gastroenterology Department, No. 1 Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China; Epidemiology Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huashan Li
- Oncology Department, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Integrative Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Internal Oncology Department, Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Gastroenterology Department, Peking University of Cancer Hospital and Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; Integrative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Oncology Department, Guanganmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Oncology Department, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing China; Gastroenterology Department, No. 1 Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China; Epidemiology Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Hou
- Oncology Department, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Integrative Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Internal Oncology Department, Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Gastroenterology Department, Peking University of Cancer Hospital and Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; Integrative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Oncology Department, Guanganmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Oncology Department, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing China; Gastroenterology Department, No. 1 Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China; Epidemiology Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuping Chu
- Oncology Department, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Integrative Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Internal Oncology Department, Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Gastroenterology Department, Peking University of Cancer Hospital and Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; Integrative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Oncology Department, Guanganmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Oncology Department, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing China; Gastroenterology Department, No. 1 Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China; Epidemiology Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Oncology Department, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Integrative Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Internal Oncology Department, Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Gastroenterology Department, Peking University of Cancer Hospital and Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; Integrative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Oncology Department, Guanganmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Oncology Department, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing China; Gastroenterology Department, No. 1 Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China; Epidemiology Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Jia
- Oncology Department, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Integrative Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Internal Oncology Department, Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Gastroenterology Department, Peking University of Cancer Hospital and Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; Integrative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Oncology Department, Guanganmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Oncology Department, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing China; Gastroenterology Department, No. 1 Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China; Epidemiology Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jinwan Wang
- Oncology Department, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Integrative Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Internal Oncology Department, Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Gastroenterology Department, Peking University of Cancer Hospital and Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; Integrative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Oncology Department, Guanganmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Oncology Department, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing China; Gastroenterology Department, No. 1 Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China; Epidemiology Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Oncology Department, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Integrative Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Internal Oncology Department, Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Gastroenterology Department, Peking University of Cancer Hospital and Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; Integrative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Oncology Department, Guanganmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Oncology Department, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing China; Gastroenterology Department, No. 1 Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China; Epidemiology Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Oncology Department, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Integrative Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Internal Oncology Department, Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Gastroenterology Department, Peking University of Cancer Hospital and Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; Integrative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Oncology Department, Guanganmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Oncology Department, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing China; Gastroenterology Department, No. 1 Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China; Epidemiology Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbin Wang
- Oncology Department, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Integrative Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Internal Oncology Department, Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Gastroenterology Department, Peking University of Cancer Hospital and Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; Integrative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Oncology Department, Guanganmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Oncology Department, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing China; Gastroenterology Department, No. 1 Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China; Epidemiology Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Oncology Department, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Integrative Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Internal Oncology Department, Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Gastroenterology Department, Peking University of Cancer Hospital and Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; Integrative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Oncology Department, Guanganmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Oncology Department, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing China; Gastroenterology Department, No. 1 Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China; Epidemiology Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yufei Yang
- Oncology Department, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Integrative Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Internal Oncology Department, Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Gastroenterology Department, Peking University of Cancer Hospital and Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China; Integrative Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Oncology Department, Guanganmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Oncology Department, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing China; Gastroenterology Department, No. 1 Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China; Epidemiology Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Guo P, Wang J, Gao W, Liu X, Wu S, Wan B, Xu L, Li Y. Salvianolic acid B reverses multidrug resistance in nude mice bearing human colon cancer stem cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:1323-1334. [PMID: 29845279 PMCID: PMC6072146 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvianolic acid B (SalB) is a water-soluble phenolic compound, extractable from Salvia miltiorrhiza, and has previously been demonstrated to reverse tumor multidrug resistance (MDR) in colon cancer cells. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are closely associated with drug resistance. Therefore, establishing a nude mouse model bearing human colon CSCs is important for the study of the mechanisms underlying colon cancer drug resistance as well as the reversal of drug resistance. The present study aimed to establish a nude mouse model bearing human colon CSCs and to investigate the effects of SalB on the drug resistance exhibited by the nude mouse model as well as determine its underlying mechanism. Cells from two colon cancer cell lines (LoVo and HCT-116) were cultured in serum-free medium to obtain CSCs-enriched spheroid cells. Following this, nude mice were transplanted with LoVo and HCT-116 colon CSCs to establish the CSC nude mouse model, which was subsequently demonstrated to exhibit MDR. The results of the present study revealed that following treatment with SalB, the chemotherapeutic drug resistance of xenografts was reversed to a certain extent. Western blot analysis was performed to investigate the expression levels of cluster of differentiation (CD)44, CD133, transcription factor sox-2 (SOX2) and ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2) proteins, and the results demonstrated that treatment with SalB downregulated the expression of CD44, SOX2 and ABCG2 proteins in both LoVo and HCT-116 colon CSCs xenografts. In conclusion, the results of the present study revealed that a serum-free suspension method can be performed to successfully isolate colon CSCs. In addition, a nude mice bearing colon CSCs animal model was successfully established, and associated tumors were confirmed to exhibit MDR. Furthermore, SalB was demonstrated to successfully reverse MDR in nude mice bearing LoVo and HCT-116 colon CSCs, as well as suppress the expression of CD44, SOX2 and ABCG2 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piaoting Guo
- Department of General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
| | - Jianchao Wang
- Department of Center Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
| | - Wencang Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Center Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
| | - Shaofei Wu
- Department of Hepatopathy, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Boshun Wan
- Department of General Surgery, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medical and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201899, P.R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
| | - Yanhua Li
- Department of General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
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15
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Zhang C, Wang N, Tan HY, Guo W, Li S, Feng Y. Targeting VEGF/VEGFRs Pathway in the Antiangiogenic Treatment of Human Cancers by Traditional Chinese Medicine. Integr Cancer Ther 2018; 17:582-601. [PMID: 29807443 PMCID: PMC6142106 DOI: 10.1177/1534735418775828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bearing in mind the doctrine of tumor angiogenesis hypothesized by Folkman
several decades ago, the fundamental strategy for alleviating numerous cancer
indications may be the strengthening application of notable antiangiogenic
therapies to inhibit metastasis-related tumor growth. Under physiological
conditions, vascular sprouting is a relatively infrequent event unless when
specifically stimulated by pathogenic factors that contribute to the
accumulation of angiogenic activators such as the vascular endothelial growth
factor (VEGF) family and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Since VEGFs have
been identified as the principal cytokine to initiate angiogenesis in tumor
growth, synthetic VEGF-targeting medicines containing bevacizumab and sorafenib
have been extensively used, but prominent side effects have concomitantly
emerged. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM)–derived agents with distinctive
safety profiles have shown their multitarget curative potential by impairing
angiogenic stimulatory signaling pathways directly or eliciting synergistically
therapeutic effects with anti-angiogenic drugs mainly targeting VEGF-dependent
pathways. This review aims to summarize (a) the up-to-date
understanding of the role of VEGF/VEGFR in correlation with proangiogenic
mechanisms in various tissues and cells; (b) the elaboration of
antitumor angiogenesis mechanisms of 4 representative TCMs, including
Salvia miltiorrhiza, Curcuma longa, ginsenosides, and
Scutellaria baicalensis; and (c)
circumstantial clarification of TCM-driven therapeutic actions of suppressing
tumor angiogenesis by targeting VEGF/VEGFRs pathway in recent years, based on
network pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- 1 The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ning Wang
- 1 The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Hor-Yue Tan
- 1 The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Wei Guo
- 1 The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Sha Li
- 1 The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yibin Feng
- 1 The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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Li L, Shen A, Chu J, Sferra TJ, Sankararaman S, Ke X, Chen Y, Peng J. Pien Tze Huang ameliorates DSS‑induced colonic inflammation in a mouse colitis model through inhibition of the IL‑6/STAT3 pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:1113-1119. [PMID: 29845215 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin‑6 (IL‑6)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway plays essential roles in the development of inflammatory diseases including ulcerative colitis (UC). Therefore, suppression of IL‑6/STAT3 signaling provides a promising therapeutic strategy in UC. Pien Tze Huang (PZH), a well‑known traditional Chinese formula, has been used in China and Southeast Asia for centuries as a folk remedy for various inflammatory diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms of its anti‑inflammatory effects remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we generated a mouse colitis model by using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of PZH against UC by observing the clinical manifestations. We found that PZH obviously alleviated DSS‑induced colitis symptoms, including body weight loss, rectal bleeding and stool consistency. In addition, administration of PZH profoundly prevented DSS‑induced colon shortening, and ameliorated colonic histopathological changes such as mucosal ulceration, infiltration of inflammatory cells, crypt distortion and hyperplastic epithelium. Moreover, PZH markedly inhibited the serum level of the inflammatory biomarker serum amylase A (SAA) in UC mice. Furthermore, PZH treatment significantly inhibited DSS‑induced expression of IL‑6 in colon tissues. Finally, the increased phosphorylation level of STAT3, induced either by DSS in experimental mice or by IL‑6 in the differentiated human colorectal carcinoma cells, was significantly suppressed by PZH. These results suggest that the inhibition of IL‑6/STAT3 signaling is a potential mechanism by which PZH is used in the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Aling Shen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Chu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Thomas J Sferra
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Senthilkumar Sankararaman
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Xiao Ke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, P.R. China
| | - Youqin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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Zhao Y, Hu X, Zuo X, Wang M. Chemopreventive effects of some popular phytochemicals on human colon cancer: a review. Food Funct 2018; 9:4548-4568. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00850g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present review summarizes (1) the epidemiology and etiology of colon cancer, (2) generalized cancer chemoprotective mechanisms, and (3) the chemopreventive properties of some popular phytochemicals as well as some phytochemicals developed by our research group recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueliang Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Shanghai Ocean University
- Shanghai
- China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai)
| | - Xiaoqian Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Shanghai Ocean University
- Shanghai
- China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai)
| | - Xinyuan Zuo
- School of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Panjin City
- China
| | - Mingfu Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Shanghai Ocean University
- Shanghai
- China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai)
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Qi F, Zhou S, Li L, Wei L, Shen A, Liu L, Wang Y, Peng J. Pien Tze Huang inhibits the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by upregulating miR-16 expression. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:8132-8137. [PMID: 29344256 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by uncontrolled proliferation and the deregulation of apoptotic signaling, although its molecular pathogenesis is not fully characterized. The ability to inhibit excessive proliferation and induce the apoptosis of cancer cells are crucial characteristics of anticancer drugs. Pien Tze Huang (PZH) is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of various types of cancer, and has exhibited promising therapeutic effects in clinical trials of HCC. However, the underlying mechanisms for its action are unclear. In the present study, the aim was to explore the effect of PZH on the proliferation and apoptosis of the BEL-7402 HCC cell line, and the associated mechanisms. PZH treatment significantly inhibited BEL-7402 cell viability, confluence and clonogenicity, inducing cell cycle arrest and promoting apoptosis. In addition, PZH treatment suppressed the expression of the pro-proliferative genes cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4, and decreased the expression of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2. PZH treatment also upregulated the expression of a key microRNA (miR), miR-16. The study demonstrated that PZH can effectively inhibit cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in BEL-7402 HCC cells via the upregulation of the tumor suppressor miR-16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Qi
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Songqiang Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Disease Prevention and Healthcare, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Lihui Wei
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Aling Shen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Liya Liu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Yaodong Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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Review on Research about Traditional Chinese Medicine in Cancer Stem Cell. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:4505194. [PMID: 29234398 PMCID: PMC5646331 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4505194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are small subpopulations of neoplastic cells within a tumor, which have self-renewal and differentiation abilities and could generate new tumors with few cells. Researches have showed that CSCs are considered the most likely reason for cancer recurrence and metastasis. Accumulating evidences have showed that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has significant effect on CSCs. It could inhibit the proliferation, self-renew, and multidifferentiation of CSCs. We aimed to summarize the theories of CSCs in TCM, the inhibitory effect, and the pathway on CSCs of TCM. This review will provide potential new strategies and alternative perspectives for CSCs treatments and basic research into complementary and alternative medicine.
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Wan Y, Shen A, Qi F, Chu J, Cai Q, Sferra TJ, Peng J, Chen Y. Pien Tze Huang inhibits the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells by increasing the expression of miR-34c-5p. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:3901-3907. [PMID: 29042999 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, short endogenous non-coding RNA that act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, and serve an important role in various human malignant cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Evidence has indicated that miRNAs regulate the expression of various genes associated with human cancer, in particular the miR-34 family. A well-known traditional Chinese formula, Pien Tze Huang (PZH), has a significant clinical effect on CRC. Previous studies have demonstrated that PZH inhibits CRC growth in vitro and in vivo via multiple mechanisms, including the induction of apoptosis, inhibition of cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. To further elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the antitumor activity of PZH, in the present study its effects on cell proliferation and miRNA expression in human colon carcinoma (HCT)-8 cell lines was examined. It was observed that treatment with PZH inhibited cell viability and upregulated the expression of miR-34c-5p in HCT-8 cells. In addition, transfection with an miR-34c-5p mimic and treatment with PZH inhibited cell survival and arrested the cell cycle between the G0/G1 and S phase in HCT-8 cells. Furthermore, PZH treatment and transfection with miR-34c-5p downregulated the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and cMyc (a promoter of cell proliferation), and increased the expression of p53, which is a promoter of apoptosis. These results suggest that PZH may suppress proliferation in CRC cells by upregulating the expression of miR-34c-5p, which provides a novel perspective for understanding the mode of action of PZH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wan
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Aling Shen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Fei Qi
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Chu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoyan Cai
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Thomas Joseph Sferra
- Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Postdoctoral Workstation, Zhangzhou Pien Tze Huang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, P.R. China
| | - Youqin Chen
- Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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21
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Fu C, Chu J, Shen A, Liu L, Chen H, Lin J, Sferra TJ, Chen Y, Peng J. Pien Tze Huang alleviates 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis in CT-26 tumor-bearing mice. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:2291-2297. [PMID: 28962157 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic agents, including 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), frequently cause intestinal mucositis as a side effect, leading to life quality reduction in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and interruption of CRC treatment. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have recently received attention due to their relatively few adverse effects. Pien Tze Huang (PZH), a well-known TCM formulation first documented to have been prescribed >450 years ago, has been demonstrated to be clinically effective in treating various types of cancer including CRC. Although previous studies by our group reported that PZH possesses a variety of anti-cancer activities via multiple mechanisms, it has remained elusive whether it is able to reduce intestinal mucositis induced by 5-FU. The present study evaluated the effect of PZH on 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis in CT-26 tumor-bearing xenograft mice and investigated the possible molecular mechanism. The results indicated that administration of PZH effectively alleviated the severity of 5-FU-induced diarrhea and morphological intestinal damages, but had no significant effect on body weight loss. In addition, a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay revealed that PZH treatment significantly inhibited cell apoptosis in the intestinal crypt. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining showed that PZH treatment reduced the protein expression of pro-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein but enhanced that of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 in the intestinal crypt. Taken together, the results of the present study suggested that PZH effectively attenuates 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis, which is in part associated with its inhibitory effect on cell apoptosis in the intestinal crypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixuan Fu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Chu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Aling Shen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Liya Liu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Pediatric Department, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jiumao Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Thomas J Sferra
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Pediatric Department, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Youqin Chen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Pediatric Department, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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Lin J, Feng J, Jin Y, Yan Z, Lai Z, Peng J. Pien Tze Huang suppresses VEGF-C-mediated lymphangiogenesis in colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:3568-3576. [PMID: 27779683 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. The majority of patients are not suitable for surgery due to the presence of metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis, which has led to a high mortality rate for patients with CRC. Lymphangiogenesis, formation of new lymphatic vessels, plays an critical role in cancer progression particularly in cancer metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) has been previously demonstrated to play a pivotal role in cancer metastasis and therefore has become an attractive target for anticancer treatments. Pien Tze Huang (PZH) is a well-known traditional Chinese formula, which has exhibited significant therapeutic effects against CRC. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its anticancer effects, particularly in regards to antimetastasis activity, still require further elucidation. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of PZH on cell migration and VEGF-C expression using various human CRC cell lines. Moreover, using a VEGF‑C-stimulated human lymphatic endothelial cell (HLEC) model, we demonstrated that PZH suppresses lymphangiogenesis by attenuating cell migration and tube formation. This indicates that PZH possesses significant antimetastatic activity. Moreover, suppression of lymphangiogenesis by PZH via the downregulation of VEGF-C may be a potential molecular mechanism by which PZH inhibits metastasis in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiumao Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jianyu Feng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Yiyi Jin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Zhaokun Yan
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Zijun Lai
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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Cancer Stem Cells: The Potential Targets of Chinese Medicines and Their Active Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060893. [PMID: 27338343 PMCID: PMC4926427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The pivotal role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the initiation and progression of malignancies has been rigorously validated, and the specific methods for identifying and isolating the CSCs from the parental cancer population have also been rapidly developed in recent years. This review aims to provide an overview of recent research progress of Chinese medicines (CMs) and their active compounds in inhibiting tumor progression by targeting CSCs. A great deal of CMs and their active compounds, such as Antrodia camphorate, berberine, resveratrol, and curcumin have been shown to regress CSCs, in terms of reversing drug resistance, inducing cell death and inhibiting cell proliferation as well as metastasis. Furthermore, one of the active compounds in coptis, berbamine may inhibit tumor progression by modulating microRNAs to regulate CSCs. The underlying molecular mechanisms and related signaling pathways involved in these processes were also discussed and concluded in this paper. Overall, the use of CMs and their active compounds may be a promising therapeutic strategy to eradicate cancer by targeting CSCs. However, further studies are needed to clarify the potential of clinical application of CMs and their active compounds as complementary and alternative therapy in this field.
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Sun G, Wei L, Feng J, Lin J, Peng J. Inhibitory effects of Hedyotis diffusa Willd. on colorectal cancer stem cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:3875-3881. [PMID: 27313710 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are proposed to be closely correlated with the development and progression of tumors, as well as with chemo- and radioresistance. Targeting CSCs may therefore be a promising potential strategy for the treatment of cancer. Currently, natural products have received great interest due to their therapeutic efficacy and reduced adverse effects compared with modern chemotherapeutics. As a significant component of a number of traditional Chinese medicine formulas, the medicinal herb Hedyotis diffusa Willd. (HDW) has long been utilized in China to clinically treat a variety of malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Previously, the authors of the present study reported that HDW suppressed CRC growth through multiple mechanisms, including promoting apoptosis, and inhibiting cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. To additionally investigate its mode of action, the present study isolated a stem-like side population (SP) from colorectal cancer HT-29 cells to investigate the effect of ethanol extract of HDW on CSCs. It was observed that HDW was able to markedly downregulate the expression of CSC marker leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 and also significantly decrease the proportion of SP in HT-29 cells, in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, HDW treatment significantly and dose-dependently inhibited the viability and sphere formation, and induced cell morphological changes of isolated HT-29 SP cells. In addition, HDW greatly suppressed the messenger RNA expression of several critical genes that mediate CSC features, including ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B, member 1, β-catenin, c-Myc, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and survivin. In conclusion, the present study indicates that HDW may exert inhibitory effects on cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Sun
- Hangzhou Naval Sanatorium of Nanjing Military Area Command, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, P.R. China
| | - Lihui Wei
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jianyu Feng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jiumao Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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25
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Synergistic Effect and Molecular Mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Regulating Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:1490738. [PMID: 27042656 PMCID: PMC4793102 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1490738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of tumor cells with the microenvironment is like a relationship between the “seeds” and “soil,” which is a hotspot in recent cancer research. Targeting at tumor microenvironment as well as tumor cells has become a new strategy for cancer treatment. Conventional cancer treatments mostly focused on single targets or single mechanism (the seeds or part of the soil); few researches intervened in the whole tumor microenvironment and achieved ideal therapeutic effect as expected. Traditional Chinese medicine displays a broad range of biological effects, and increasing evidence has shown that it may relate with synergistic effect on regulating tumor microenvironment and cancer cells. Based on literature review and our previous studies, we summarize the synergistic effect and the molecular mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine on regulating tumor microenvironment and cancer cells.
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QI FEI, WEI LIHUI, SHEN ALING, CHEN YOUQIN, LIN JIUMAO, CHU JIANFENG, CAI QIAOYAN, PAN JIE, PENG JUN. Pien Tze Huang inhibits the proliferation, and induces the apoptosis and differentiation of colorectal cancer stem cells via suppression of the Notch1 pathway. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:511-7. [PMID: 26530025 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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27
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Cort A, Ozben T. Natural Product Modulators to Overcome Multidrug Resistance In Cancer. Nutr Cancer 2015; 67:411-23. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2015.1002624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Cort
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Tomris Ozben
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Shen A, Lin W, Chen Y, Liu L, Chen H, Zhuang Q, Lin J, Sferra TJ, Peng J. Pien Tze Huang inhibits metastasis of human colorectal carcinoma cells via modulation of TGF-β1/ZEB/miR-200 signaling network. Int J Oncol 2014; 46:685-90. [PMID: 25422078 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis, a complex process involving the spread of malignant tumor cells from a primary tumor site to a distant organ, is a major cause of failure of cancer chemotherapy. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical step for the initiation of cancer metastasis. The processes of EMT and metastasis are highly regulated by a double-negative feedback loop consisting of TGF-β1/ZEB pathway and miR-200 family, which therefore has become a promising target for cancer chemotherapy. Pien Tze Huang (PZH), a well-known traditional Chinese formula first prescribed in the Ming Dynasty, has been demonstrated to be clinically effective in the treatment of various types of human malignancy including colorectal cancer (CRC). Our published data proposed that PZH was able to induce apoptosis, inhibit cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis, leading to the suppression of CRC growth in vitro and in vivo. To further elucidate the mode of action of PZH, in the present study we evaluated its effects on the metastatic capacities of human colorectal carcinoma HCT-8 cells and investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that PZH significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of HCT-8 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, PZH treatment inhibited the expression of key mediators of TGF-β1 signaling, such as TGF-β1, Smad2/3 and Smad4. Moreover, PZH treatment suppressed the expression of ZEB1 and ZEB2, two critical target genes of TGF-β1 pathway, leading to a decrease in the expression of mesenchymal marker N-cadherin and an increased expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin. Furthermore, PZH treatment upregulated the expression of miR-200a, miR-200b and miR-200c. Collectively, our findings in this study suggest that PZH can inhibit metastasis of colorectal cancer cells via modulating TGF-β1/ZEB/miR-200 signaling network, which might be one of the mechanisms whereby PZH exerts its anticancer function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aling Shen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Wei Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Youqin Chen
- Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Liya Liu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Qunchuan Zhuang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jiumao Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Thomas J Sferra
- Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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