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Yang K, Zhou Y, Zhou L, Yan F, Guan L, Liu H, Liu W. Synaptic Plasticity After Focal Cerebral Ischemia Was Attenuated by Gap26 but Enhanced by GAP-134. Front Neurol 2020; 11:888. [PMID: 32982919 PMCID: PMC7479336 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Synaptic plasticity is critical for neurorehabilitation after focal cerebral ischemia. Connexin 43 (Cx43), the main component of the gap junction, has been shown to be pivotal for synaptic plasticity. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of the Cx43 inhibitor (Gap26) and gap junction modifier (GAP-134) in neurorehabilitation and to study their contribution to synaptic plasticity after focal ischemia. Methods: Time course expression of both total and phosphorylated Cx43 (p-Cx43) were detected by western blotting at 3, 7, and 14 d after focal ischemia. Gap26 and GAP-134 were administered starting from 3 d post focal ischemia. Neurological performances were evaluated by balance beam walking test and Y-maze test at 1, 3, and 7 d. Golgi staining and transmission electron microscope (TEM) detection were conducted at 7 d for observing dendritic spine numbers and synaptic ultrastructure, respectively. Immunofluorescent staining was used at 7 d for detection of synaptic plasticity markers, including synaptophysin (SYN) and growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43). Results: Expression levels of both total Cx43 and p-Cx43 were increased after focal cerebral ischemia, peaking at 7 d. Compared with the MCAO group, Gap26 worsened the neurological behavior and decreased the dendritic spine number while GAP-134 improved the neurobehavior and increased the number of dendritic spines. Moreover, Gap26 further destroyed the synaptic structure, concomitant with downregulated SYN and GAP-43, whereas GAP-134 alleviated synaptic destruction and upregulated SYN and GAP-43. Conclusion: These findings suggested that Cx43 or the gap junction was involved in synaptic plasticity, thereby promoting neural recovery after ischemic stroke. Treatments enhancing gap junctions may be potential promising therapeutic measures for neurorehabilitation after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailing Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lequan Zhou
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuman Yan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Guan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haimei Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Liao W, Huang X, Yin Y, Liu B, Zhu R. In vivo microdialysis with ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for analysis of tetramethylpyrazine and its interaction with borneol in rat brain and blood. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4210. [PMID: 29431191 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) has been widely used in the treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease. However, the mechanism of TMP and how to increase its bioavailability need to be further explored. In our study, an in vivo microdialysis sampling technique coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of TMP and its interaction with different doses of borneol (BO) in rats. Linearity of TMP in brain and blood dialysates exhibited good linear relationships over the concentration range of 0.991-555.14 ng/mL. The specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, matrix effect and stability were within acceptable ranges. The results demonstrated that BO had a marked impact on the pharmacokinetic properties of TMP. After co-administration, the areas under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of TMP in brain and blood were significantly increased. Meanwhile, the peak concentration of TMP in brain was also enhanced. The AUCBrain /AUCBlood of TMP, increased from 44% to 56 and 60.8% after co-administration with BO (15 and 30 mg/kg). The pharmacodynamic results showed that TMP co-administration with BO enhanced the cerebral blood flow during the period of ischemia and reduced the infarct volume. Overall, it might be an effective way to treat stroke to use TMP co-administered with BO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Liao
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Huang
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxin Yin
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Runzhi Zhu
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China.,Department for Cell Therapy center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Li Y, Lu Y, Hu J, Gong Z, Yang W, Wang A, Zheng J, Liu T, Chen T, Hu J, Mi L, Li Y, Lan Y, Wang Y. Pharmacokinetic Comparison of Scutellarin and Paeoniflorin in Sham-Operated and Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury Rats after Intravenous Administration of Xin-Shao Formula. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091191. [PMID: 27617986 PMCID: PMC6273475 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Xin-Shao formula is a folk remedy widely used in China to prevent and cure stroke. Cerebral ischemic reperfusion (I/R) injury often takes place during the treatment of stroke. Information about the pharmacokinetic behavior of the remedy under cerebral I/R injury conditions is lacking. The present study aimed to compare the pharmacokinetic properties of scutellarin and paeoniflorin, two major bioactive components of Xin-Shao formula, under physiological state in cerebral I/R injury rats. Neurobehavioral dysfunction was evaluated and cerebral infarcted volume was measured in middle cerebral artery occlusion I/R injury (MCAO) rats. Plasma samples were collected at various time points after a single dose (intravenous, i.v.) of Xin-Shao formula. The levels of plasma scutellarin and paeoniflorin at the designed time points were determined by a UPLC-MS/MS method, and drug concentration versus time plots were constructed to estimate pharmacokinetic parameters. Increase in terminal elimination half-life (t1/2z) and mean residence time (MRT(0–t)) of scutellarin as well as elevation in area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve from 0 h to the terminal time point (AUC(0–t)) and maximum plasma drug concentration (Cmax) of paeoniflorin, along with decreased clearance of paeoniflorin and scutellarin as well as reduced apparent volume of distribution (Vz) of paeoniflorin, were observed in MCAO rats, compared with those in sham-operated animals. The elimination of scutellarin and paeoniflorin were reduced in cerebral I/R injury reduced rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueting Li
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, No.9, Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Miao's Medicines, Guiyang 550004, China.
| | - Yuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, No.9, Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, China.
| | - Jianchun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, No.9, Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, No. 9, Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, China.
| | - Zipeng Gong
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, No.9, Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, China.
| | - Wu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, No.9, Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, No. 9, Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, China.
| | - Aimin Wang
- Engineering Research Center for the Development and Applications of Ethnic Medicines and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, No. 9, Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, China.
| | - Jiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, No.9, Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, China.
| | - Ting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, No.9, Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, China.
| | - Tingting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, No.9, Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, No. 9, Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, China.
| | - Jie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, No.9, Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, No. 9, Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, China.
| | - Ling Mi
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, No.9, Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, No. 9, Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, China.
| | - Yongjun Li
- Engineering Research Center for the Development and Applications of Ethnic Medicines and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, No. 9, Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, China.
| | - Yanyu Lan
- Engineering Research Center for the Development and Applications of Ethnic Medicines and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, No. 9, Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, China.
| | - Yonglin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, No.9, Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, China.
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Microdialysis combined with UPLC–MS/MS method for determination of tetramethylpyrazine and ferulic acid in striatum of awake and anesthetic rats subjected to cerebral ischemia. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 128:510-518. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ding W, Yu P, Liu W, Zhou L, Guan LI, Lin R. Buyang Huanwu decoction increases the expression of glutamate transporter-1 and glutamate synthetase in association with PACAP-38 following focal ischemia. Biomed Rep 2015; 3:651-656. [PMID: 26405540 DOI: 10.3892/br.2015.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuroprotective role of Buyang Huanwu decoction (BYHWD) in focal ischemia is associated with decreasing glutamate concentration. However, the mechanisms are not fully understood. The present study aimed to explore whether glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) and glutamine synthetase (GS) participated in the decreased level of glutamate and whether pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-38 (PACAP-38) was involved in this process. BYHWD was found to significantly upregulate the expression of GLT-1 and GS in the hippocampal CA1 area compared to the ischemia group, with the difference on day 3 being most significant. BYHWD increased the level of PACAP-38, and PACAP-(6-38) (PACAP receptor antagonist) significantly attenuated the effect of BYHWD on GLT-1 and GS, suggesting that PACAP-38 was involved in the upregulation of GLT-1 and GS induced by BYHWD. In addition, as GLT-1 and GS are mainly located in astrocytes, the changes of astrocytes were detected by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP; an astrocytic marker) immunostaining. The results showed that BYHWD inhibited the expression of GFAP compared with the ischemia group, however, co-administration with PACAP-(6-38), which inhibited the effect of BYHWD on GLT-1 and GS in astrocytes, attenuated this effect, indicating that astrocytes participated in the protective role of BYHWD following focal ischemia. These results provided the evidence for the first time that not only neurons but also astrocytes contribute to the protective role of BYHWD, which opposes previous studies and may be a starting point for traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Ding
- Department of Physiology, College of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Physiology, College of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Physiology, College of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Lequan Zhou
- Department of Physiology, College of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - L I Guan
- Department of Physiology, College of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Ruishan Lin
- Department of Physiology, College of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
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