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Targonski C, Bender MR, Shealy BT, Husain B, Paseman B, Smith MC, Feltus FA. Cellular State Transformations Using Deep Learning for Precision Medicine Applications. PATTERNS 2020; 1:100087. [PMID: 33205131 PMCID: PMC7660411 DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2020.100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We introduce the Transcriptome State Perturbation Generator (TSPG) as a novel deep-learning method to identify changes in genomic expression that occur between tissue states using generative adversarial networks. TSPG learns the transcriptome perturbations from RNA-sequencing data required to shift from a source to a target class. We apply TSPG as an effective method of detecting biologically relevant alternate expression patterns between normal and tumor human tissue samples. We demonstrate that the application of TSPG to expression data obtained from a biopsy sample of a patient's kidney cancer can identify patient-specific differentially expressed genes between their individual tumor sample and a target class of healthy kidney gene expression. By utilizing TSPG in a precision medicine application in which the patient sample is not replicated (i.e., n=1), we present a novel technique of determining significant transcriptional aberrations that can be used to help identify potential targeted therapies. We present the Transcriptome State Perturbation Generator (TSPG) application We apply TSPG to The Cancer Genome Atlas data to perturb gene expression states TSPG was used to learn patient-specific (n = 1) gene expression tumor alterations
Deep learning has shown tremendous success in image and natural language processing; however, attempts to apply the tools of machine learning to better understanding biological systems are still in the stage of early adoption. We propose a novel deep-learning tool that can be used to process samples of RNA-sequencing data. By applying the Transcriptome State Perturbation Generator to human samples, we show that deep learning derives insight into the gene expression shifts required for transition between two biological conditions (e.g., normal versus tumor). RNA-sequencing data derived from a single patient's tumor were analyzed using this tool to determine gene expression aberrations specific to that patient's tumor. As medicine shifts from cohort-based population studies to individual-based precision treatments, our example demonstrates that deep learning is a powerful ally in the quest to understand how complex biological systems have shifted for a single patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Targonski
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - M Reed Bender
- Department of Biomedical Data Science and Informatics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Benjamin T Shealy
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Benafsh Husain
- Department of Biomedical Data Science and Informatics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | | | - Melissa C Smith
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - F Alex Feltus
- Department of Biomedical Data Science and Informatics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.,Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.,Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
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El-Deek HEM, Ahmed AM, Hassan TS, Morsy AM. Expression and localization of estrogen receptors in human renal cell carcinoma and their clinical significance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:3176-3185. [PMID: 31938447 PMCID: PMC6958079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to (1) evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of ERα, ERα36 and ERβ in combination in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and nearby non-tumorous tissue (2) correlate their expression pattern with the clinicopathological parameters and prognosis of the patients; this may provide a new insight into prediction of the disease outcome and understanding its progression. The three markers showed positive cytoplasmic (± membranous) staining pattern in tumor cells. The tubules in the nearby non-tumorous tissue showed either nuclear (± cytoplasmic) staining pattern (ERα and ERβ) or only cytoplasmic staining pattern (ERα36). The mean of cytoplasmic expression of ERα, ERα36 and ERβ was significantly higher in association with poor prognostic factors: larger tumor size (P<0.0001) for each, late clinical stage (P<0.0001) for each, higher nuclear grade (P = 0.003, P = 0.002 and P = 0.022) respectively, and presence of lymphovascular invasion (P<0.0001, P = 0.006 and P<0.0001) respectively. We have demonstrated for the first time that patients whose tumors express high cytoplasmic levels of ERα, ERα36 or ERβ experience shorter overall survival and disease-free survival. The independent role of ER subunits as markers of poor prognosis is proven only for ERβ and ERα36 but not ERα. In conclusion, our results indicate that the main staining pattern of ERα, ERα36 and ERβ in RCC is cytoplasmic with relation of this pattern to bad prognosis. So we can suggest the assessment of these receptors as markers of poor prognosis in RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba E M El-Deek
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut UniversityAssiut, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut UniversityAssiut, Egypt
| | - Tareq S Hassan
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut UniversityAssiut, Egypt
| | - Aiat M Morsy
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut UniversityAssiut, Egypt
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Manmuan S, Sakunrangsit N, Ketchart W. Salinomycin overcomes acquired tamoxifen resistance through AIB1 and inhibits cancer cell invasion in endocrine resistant breast cancer. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 44:1042-1052. [PMID: 28656701 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Salinomycin is a monocarboxylic polyether ionophore isolated from Streptomyces albus. It has been widely used as an antibiotic in veterinary medicine in poultry. A recent study demonstrated that salinomycin selectively inhibits human breast cancer stem cells; one possible mechanism of tamoxifen resistance. Our results show that salinomycin is effective in inhibiting MCF-7/LCC2 and MCF-7/LCC9 cell lines which are well-established endocrine resistant cells and has a synergistic effect in combination with tamoxifen using MTT proliferation assay. The inhibitory effect of salinomycin on the reduction of critical ER co-activator; amplified breast 1 (AIB1) mRNA and protein expression is overcoming tamoxifen resistance. Moreover, salinomycin significantly inhibits cell invasion in Matrigel invasion assay. The effect was mediated at least in part by the decrease of matrix metalopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) which is one critical enzyme facilitated in the cell invasion process. In conclusion, salinomycin should be developed as a novel agent used alone or in combination for endocrine-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwisit Manmuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nithidol Sakunrangsit
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wannarasmi Ketchart
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Tamir A, Gangadharan A, Balwani S, Tanaka T, Patel U, Hassan A, Benke S, Agas A, D'Agostino J, Shin D, Yoon S, Goy A, Pecora A, Suh KS. The serine protease prostasin (PRSS8) is a potential biomarker for early detection of ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2016; 9:20. [PMID: 27036110 PMCID: PMC4815131 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-016-0228-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer (OVC) is the deadliest of all gynecologic cancers, primarily as a consequence of asymptomatic progression. The complex nature of OVC creates challenges for early detection, and there is a lack of specific and sensitive biomarkers suitable for screening and detecting early stage OVC. Methods Potential OVC biomarkers were identified by bioinformatic analysis. Candidates were further screened for differential expression in a library of OVC cell lines. OVC-specific overexpression of a candidate gene, PRSS8, which encodes prostasin, was confirmed against 18 major human cancer types from 390 cancer samples by qRT-PCR. PRSS8 expression profiles stratified by OVC tumor stage-, grade- and subtype were generated using cDNA samples from 159 OVC samples. Cell-specific expression and localization of prostasin was determined by immunohistological tissue array analysis of more than 500 normal, benign, and cancerous ovarian tissues. The presence of prostasin in normal, benign, and OVC serum samples was also determined. Results Gene expression analysis indicated that PRSS8 was expressed in OVC at levels more than 100 fold greater than found in normal or benign ovarian lesions. This overexpression signature was found in early stages of OVC and was maintained in higher stages and grades of OVC. The PRSS8 overexpression signature was specific for OVC and urinary bladder cancer among 18 human cancer types. The majority of ovarian cell lines overexpressed PRSS8. In situ hybridization and histopathology studies of OVC tissues indicated that overexpression of prostasin was largely localized to tumor epithelium and was absent in neighboring stroma. Significantly higher levels of prostasin were found in early stage OVC serum samples compared to benign ovarian and normal donor samples. Conclusions The abundant amounts of secreted prostasin found in sera of early stage OVC can potentially be used as a minimally invasive screening biomarker for early stage OVC. Overexpression of PRSS8 mRNA and high levels of prostasin in multiple subtypes of early stage ovarian tumors may provide clinical biomarkers for early detection of OVC, which can potentially be used with CA125 and HE4. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13048-016-0228-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayala Tamir
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, D. Jurist Research Building, 40 Prospect Avenue, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA
| | - Anju Gangadharan
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, D. Jurist Research Building, 40 Prospect Avenue, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA
| | - Sakshi Balwani
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, D. Jurist Research Building, 40 Prospect Avenue, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA
| | - Takemi Tanaka
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma city, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Ushma Patel
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, D. Jurist Research Building, 40 Prospect Avenue, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA
| | - Ahmed Hassan
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, D. Jurist Research Building, 40 Prospect Avenue, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA
| | - Stephanie Benke
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, D. Jurist Research Building, 40 Prospect Avenue, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA
| | - Agnieszka Agas
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, D. Jurist Research Building, 40 Prospect Avenue, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA
| | - Joseph D'Agostino
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, D. Jurist Research Building, 40 Prospect Avenue, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA
| | - Dayoung Shin
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, D. Jurist Research Building, 40 Prospect Avenue, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA
| | - Sunghoon Yoon
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, D. Jurist Research Building, 40 Prospect Avenue, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA
| | - Andre Goy
- Clinical Divisions, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA
| | - Andrew Pecora
- Clinical Divisions, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA
| | - K Stephen Suh
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, D. Jurist Research Building, 40 Prospect Avenue, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA.
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Wang Q, Zhang W, Yang J, Liu YL, Yan ZX, Guo ZJ, Li YJ, Bian XW. High ERα36 Expression Level and Membrane Location Predict Poor Prognosis in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1048. [PMID: 26131816 PMCID: PMC4504609 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha 36 (ERα36), a truncated variant of ERα, is located in cytoplasm and membrane that is different from other nuclear receptors of ERα family. ERα36 is involved in progression and treatment resistance of a variety of carcinomas. However, the clinical and prognostic significance of ERα36 in renal tumors have not been fully elucidated.Here, renal tumor tissues from 125 patients were collected and immunohistochemical stained with ERα36 antibody. ERα36 expression level and location in these cases were analyzed for their correlations with clinical characteristics. The differential diagnosis value was also assessed for benign and malignant renal tumors, as well as its prognostic value.The results showed that membrane ERα36 expression was rarely detected in benign tumors but predominantly observed in malignant renal tumors. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that significant correlations of high ERα36 level and ERα36 membrane expression were correlated with both poor disease-free survival and overall survival. Univariate and multivariate analysis confirmed that both ERα36 high expression and membrane location can serve as unfavorable prognostic indicators for renal cell carcinoma.It is thus concluded that membrane ERα36 expression is valuable for differential diagnosis of malignant renal tumors from benign ones. Both ERα36 high expression and membrane location indicate poor prognosis in renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- From the Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center (QW, JY, Z-XY, Z-JG, X-WB), Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing; Department of Pathology (QW, WZ); Department of Clinical Laboratory (Y-LL), The 401st People's Liberation Army Hospital; and Department of Pathology (Y-JL), Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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