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Baker CE, Marta AG, Zimmerman ND, Korade Z, Mathy NW, Wilton D, Simeone T, Kochvar A, Kramer KL, Stessman HAF, Shibata A. CPT2 Deficiency Modeled in Zebrafish: Abnormal Neural Development, Electrical Activity, Behavior, and Schizophrenia-Related Gene Expression. Biomolecules 2024; 14:914. [PMID: 39199302 PMCID: PMC11353230 DOI: 10.3390/biom14080914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2) is an inner mitochondrial membrane protein of the carnitine shuttle and is involved in the beta-oxidation of long chain fatty acids. Beta-oxidation provides an alternative pathway of energy production during early development and starvation. CPT2 deficiency is a genetic disorder that we recently showed can be associated with schizophrenia. We hypothesize that CPT2 deficiency during early brain development causes transcriptional, structural, and functional abnormalities that may contribute to a CNS environment that is susceptible to the emergence of schizophrenia. To investigate the effect of CPT2 deficiency on early vertebrate development and brain function, CPT2 was knocked down in a zebrafish model system. CPT2 knockdown resulted in abnormal lipid utilization and deposition, reduction in body size, and abnormal brain development. Axonal projections, neurotransmitter synthesis, electrical hyperactivity, and swimming behavior were disrupted in CPT2 knockdown zebrafish. RT-qPCR analyses showed significant increases in the expression of schizophrenia-associated genes in CPT2 knockdown compared to control zebrafish. Taken together, these data demonstrate that zebrafish are a useful model for studying the importance of beta-oxidation for early vertebrate development and brain function. This study also presents novel findings linking CPT2 deficiency to the regulation of schizophrenia and neurodegenerative disease-associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly E. Baker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; (C.E.B.); (K.L.K.)
| | - Aaron G. Marta
- Department of Biology, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; (A.G.M.); (N.D.Z.); (N.W.M.); (D.W.); (A.K.)
| | - Nathan D. Zimmerman
- Department of Biology, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; (A.G.M.); (N.D.Z.); (N.W.M.); (D.W.); (A.K.)
| | - Zeljka Korade
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68178, USA;
| | - Nicholas W. Mathy
- Department of Biology, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; (A.G.M.); (N.D.Z.); (N.W.M.); (D.W.); (A.K.)
| | - Delaney Wilton
- Department of Biology, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; (A.G.M.); (N.D.Z.); (N.W.M.); (D.W.); (A.K.)
| | - Timothy Simeone
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; (T.S.); (H.A.F.S.)
| | - Andrew Kochvar
- Department of Biology, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; (A.G.M.); (N.D.Z.); (N.W.M.); (D.W.); (A.K.)
| | - Kenneth L. Kramer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; (C.E.B.); (K.L.K.)
| | - Holly A. F. Stessman
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; (T.S.); (H.A.F.S.)
| | - Annemarie Shibata
- Department of Biology, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; (A.G.M.); (N.D.Z.); (N.W.M.); (D.W.); (A.K.)
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Wu Y, Liu S, Ren T, Ma L, Luo J, Zhang M, Li F, Dai Y, Zheng F, Pi Z, Yue H. Ginseng fermentation solution affects the gut microbiota in zebrafish with alcoholic liver disease via PI3K/Akt pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155495. [PMID: 38471317 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ginsenosides have received increased amounts of attention due to their ability to modulate the intestinal flora, which may subsequently alleviate alcoholic liver disease (ALD). The effects of ginseng fermentation solution (GFS) on the gut microbiota and metabolism in ALD patients have not been explored. PURPOSE This research aimed to explore the regulatory effect of GFS on ALD both in vitro and in vivo. METHOD This study assessed the anti-ALD efficacy of GFS using an LO2 cell model and a zebrafish model. Untargeted metabolomics was used for differentially abundant metabolite analysis, and high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing was used to examine the effect of GFS on ALD. RESULTS The LO2 cell line experiments demonstrated that GFS effectively mitigated alcohol-induced oxidative stress and reduced apoptosis by upregulating PI3K and Bcl-2 expression and decreasing the levels of malondialdehyde, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. In zebrafish, GFS improved morphological and physiological parameters and diminished oxidative stress-induced ALD. Meanwhile, the results from Western blotting indicated that GFS enhanced the expression of PI3K, Akt, and Bcl-2 proteins while reducing Bax protein expression, thereby ameliorating the ALD model in zebrafish. Metabolomics data revealed significant changes in a total of 46 potential biomarkers. Among them, metabolites such as prostaglandin F2 alpha belong to arachidonic acid metabolism. In addition, GFS also partly reversed the imbalance of gut microbiota composition caused by alcohol. At the genus level, alcohol consumption elevated the presence of Flectobacillus, Curvibacter, among others, and diminished Elizabethkingia within the intestinal microbes of zebrafish. Conversely, GFS reversed these effects, notably enhancing the abundance of Proteobacteria and Archaea. Correlation analyses further indicated a significant negative correlation between prostaglandin F2 alpha, 11,14,15-THETA, Taurocholic acid and Curvibacter. CONCLUSION This study highlights a novel mechanism by which GFS modulates anti-ALD activity through the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway by influencing the intestinal flora-metabolite axis. These results indicate the potential of GFS as a functional food for ALD treatment via modulation of the gut flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxi Wu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, PR China
| | - Shuhan Liu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, PR China
| | - Tao Ren
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, PR China
| | - Liting Ma
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, PR China
| | - Jing Luo
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, PR China
| | - Meiyu Zhang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, PR China
| | - Fangtong Li
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, PR China
| | - Yulin Dai
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, PR China
| | - Fei Zheng
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, PR China.
| | - Zifeng Pi
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, PR China.
| | - Hao Yue
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, PR China
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Sun W, Zhang X, Qiao Y, Griffin N, Zhang H, Wang L, Liu H. Exposure to PFOA and its novel analogs disrupts lipid metabolism in zebrafish. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 259:115020. [PMID: 37201426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a typical perfluoroalkyl group compound, has received worldwide attention due to its significant environmental toxicity. Following regulatory bans on the production and emission of PFOA, concerns have been raised about the potential health risks and the safety of novel perfluoroalkyl analogues. HFPO-DA (trade name Gen-X) and HFPO-TA are two perfluoroalkyl analogues known to be bioaccumulative, whose level of toxicity and whether they are safe alternatives to PFOA remain unclear. In the following study, the physiological and metabolic effects of exposure to PFOA and its novel analogues were explored in zebrafish using 1/3 LC50 (PFOA 100 μM, Gen-X 200 μM, HFPO-TA 30 μM). At the same LC50 toxicological effect, exposure to PFOA and HFPO-TA resulted in abnormal phenotypes such as spinal curvature, pericardial edema and aberrant body length, while Gen-X was little changed. Metabolically, PFOA, HFPO-TA and Gen-X all significantly increased total cholesterol in exposed zebrafish with PFOA and HFPO-TA also increasing total triglyceride levels. Transcriptome analysis showed that the number of differentially expressed genes in PFOA, Gen-X, and HFPO-TA treated conditions compared to control groups were 527, 572, and 3, 933, respectively. KEGG and GO analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed pathways and functions related to lipid metabolism as well as significant activation of the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPARs) pathway. Furthermore, RT-qPCR analysis identified significant dysregulation in the downstream target genes of PPARα, which is responsible for lipid oxidative catabolism, and the SREBP pathway, which is responsible for lipid synthesis. In conclusion, both perfluoroalkyl analogues HFPO-TA and Gen-X exhibit significant physiological and metabolic toxicity to aquatic organisms and their environmental accumulation should be closely regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Sun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, PR China; Bengbu Medical College Key Laboratory of Cancer Research and Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, PR China
| | - Xuemin Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, PR China; Bengbu Medical College Key Laboratory of Cancer Research and Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, PR China
| | - Ying Qiao
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, PR China
| | - Nathan Griffin
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, PR China.
| | - Hui Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, PR China; Bengbu Medical College Key Laboratory of Cancer Research and Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, PR China.
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Simonian R, Pannia E, Hammoud R, Noche RR, Cui X, Kranenburg E, Kubant R, Ashcraft P, Wasek B, Bottiglieri T, Dowling JJ, Anderson GH. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency and high-dose FA supplementation disrupt embryonic development of energy balance and metabolic homeostasis in zebrafish. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:1575-1588. [PMID: 36637428 PMCID: PMC10117162 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Folic acid (synthetic folate, FA) is consumed in excess in North America and may interact with common pathogenic variants in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR); the most prevalent inborn error of folate metabolism with wide-ranging obesity-related comorbidities. While preclinical murine models have been valuable to inform on diet-gene interactions, a recent Folate Expert panel has encouraged validation of new animal models. In this study, we characterized a novel zebrafish model of mthfr deficiency and evaluated the effects of genetic loss of mthfr function and FA supplementation during embryonic development on energy homeostasis and metabolism. mthfr-deficient zebrafish were generated using CRISPR mutagenesis and supplemented with no FA (control, 0FA) or 100 μm FA (100FA) throughout embryonic development (0-5 days postfertilization). We show that the genetic loss of mthfr function in zebrafish recapitulates key biochemical hallmarks reported in MTHFR deficiency in humans and leads to greater lipid accumulation and aberrant cholesterol metabolism as reported in the Mthfr murine model. In mthfr-deficient zebrafish, energy homeostasis was also impaired as indicated by altered food intake, reduced metabolic rate and lower expression of central energy-regulatory genes. Microglia abundance, involved in healthy neuronal development, was also reduced. FA supplementation to control zebrafish mimicked many of the adverse effects of mthfr deficiency, some of which were also exacerbated in mthfr-deficient zebrafish. Together, these findings support the translatability of the mthfr-deficient zebrafish as a preclinical model in folate research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Simonian
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Emanuela Pannia
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Rola Hammoud
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Ramil R Noche
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale Zebrafish Research Core, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Xiucheng Cui
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Eva Kranenburg
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ruslan Kubant
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Paula Ashcraft
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
| | - Brandi Wasek
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
| | - Teodoro Bottiglieri
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
| | - James J Dowling
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - G Harvey Anderson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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Balamurugan K, Medishetti R, Rao P, K RV, Chatti K, Parsa KV. Protocol to evaluate hyperlipidemia in zebrafish larvae. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101819. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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6
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Hu YX, You HM, Zhu RF, Liang YL, Li FF, Qin YW, Zhao XX, Liang C, Jing Q. Establishment of a lipid metabolism disorder model in ApoEb mutant zebrafish. Atherosclerosis 2022; 361:18-29. [PMID: 36306655 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS ApoEb is a zebrafish homologous to mammalian ApoE, whose deficiency would lead to lipid metabolism disorders (LMDs) like atherosclerosis. We attempted to knock out the zebrafish ApoEb, then establish a zebrafish model with LMD. METHODS ApoEb was knocked out using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, and the accumulation of lipids was confirmed by Oil Red O staining, confocal imaging, and lipid measurements. The lipid-lowering effects of simvastatin (SIM), ezetimibe (EZE) and Xuezhikang (XZK), an extract derived from red yeast rice, were evaluated through in vivo imaging in zebrafish larvae. RESULTS In the ApoEb mutant, significant vascular lipid deposition occurred, and lipid measurement performed in the whole-body homogenate of larvae and adult plasma showed significantly increased lipid levels. SIM, EZE and XZK apparently relieved hyperlipidemia in ApoEb mutants, and XZK had a significant inhibitory effect on the recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages. CONCLUSIONS In this study, an LMD model has been established in ApoEb mutant zebrafish. We suggest that this versatile model could be applied in studying hypercholesterolemia and related vascular pathology in the context of early atherosclerosis, as well as the physiological function of ApoE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Xi Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Hong-Min You
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Rong-Fang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yu-Lai Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Fang-Fang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yong-Wen Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xian-Xian Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chun Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Qing Jing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Al-Ansari DE, Al-Badr M, Zakaria ZZ, Mohamed NA, Nasrallah GK, Yalcin HC, Abou-Saleh H. Evaluation of Metal-Organic Framework MIL-89 nanoparticles toxicity on embryonic zebrafish development. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:951-960. [PMID: 35875258 PMCID: PMC9301604 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-Organic Framework MIL-89 nanoparticles garnered remarkable attention for their widespread use in technological applications. However, the impact of these nanomaterials on human and environmental health is still limited, and concerns regarding the potential risk of exposure during manipulation is constantly rising. Therefore, the extensive use of nanomaterials in the medical field necessitates a comprehensive assessment of their safety and interaction with different tissues of the body system. In this study, we evaluated the systemic toxicity of nanoMIL-89 using Zebrafish embryos as a model system to determine the acute developmental effect. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to a range of nanoMIL-89 concentrations (1 - 300 µM) at 4 h post-fertilization (hpf) for up to 120 hpf. The viability and hatching rate were evaluated at 24-72 hpf, whereas the cardiac function was assessed at 72 and 96 hpf, and the neurodevelopment and hepatic steatosis at 120 hpf. Our study shows that nanoMIL-89 exerted no developmental toxicity on zebrafish embryos at low concentrations (1-10 µM). However, the hatching time and heart development were affected at high concentrations of nanoMIL-89 (> 30 µM). Our findings add novel information into the available data about the in vivo toxicity of nanoMIL-89 and demonstrate its innocuity and safe use in biological, environmental, and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana E. Al-Ansari
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mashael Al-Badr
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zain Z. Zakaria
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Gheyath K. Nasrallah
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Haissam Abou-Saleh
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Wu T, Liu X, Sun Z, Xing S, Han L, Li X, Pan X, Chen J, Zhou M, Derkach T, K. Bielicki J. Fruit of <i>Phyllanthus emblica</i> L. suppresses macrophage foam-cell genesis and vascular lipid deposition using in vivo and <i>in vitro</i> models of early atherosclerosis development. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.fstr-d-22-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
| | - Zeyuan Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
| | - Shu Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
| | - Liwen Han
- School of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences, Shandong first medical university & Shandong academy of medical sciences
| | - Xiaobin Li
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
| | - Xuefang Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
| | - Jianbin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
| | - Mingyang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
| | | | - John K. Bielicki
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
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Liu W, Liu J, Xing S, Pan X, Wei S, Zhou M, Li Z, Wang L, Bielicki JK. The benzoate plant metabolite ethyl gallate prevents cellular- and vascular-lipid accumulation in experimental models of atherosclerosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 556:65-71. [PMID: 33839416 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ethyl gallate (EG) is a well-known constituent of medicinal plants, but its effects on atherosclerosis development are not clear. In the present study, the anti-atherosclerosis effects of EG and the underlying mechanisms were explored using macrophage cultures, zebrafish and apolipoprotein (apo) E deficient mice. Treatment of macrophages with EG (20 μM) enhanced cellular cholesterol efflux to HDL, and reduced net lipid accumulation in response to oxidized LDL. Secretion of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) from activated macrophages was also blunted by EG. Fluorescence imaging techniques revealed EG feeding of zebrafish reduced vascular lipid accumulation and inflammatory responses in vivo. Similar results were obtained in apoE-/- mice 6.5 months of age, where plaque lesions and monocyte infiltration into the artery wall were reduced by 70% and 42%, respectively, after just 6 weeks of injections with EG (20 mg/kg). HDL-cholesterol increased 2-fold, serum cholesterol efflux capacity increased by ∼30%, and the levels of MCP-1 and IL-6 were reduced with EG treatment of mice. These results suggest EG impedes early atherosclerosis development by reducing the lipid and macrophage-content of plaque. Underlying mechanisms appeared to involve HDL cholesterol efflux mechanisms and suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Shu Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Xuefang Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Sheng Wei
- Behavioral Phenotyping Core Facility, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Mingyang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Zifa Li
- Behavioral Phenotyping Core Facility, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - John Kevin Bielicki
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
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Lithium chloride promotes lipid accumulation through increased reactive oxygen species generation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158552. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Structural Characteristics and Hypolipidemic Activity of Theabrownins from Dark Tea Fermented by Single Species Eurotium cristatum PW-1. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020204. [PMID: 32019226 PMCID: PMC7072556 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, studies on theabrownins (TBs), the main bioactive polymeric pigments found in dark tea, have received increasing attention for its health effects. Thus far, information on their structural characteristics is unclear. In the present study, theabrownins were isolated from single species Eurotium cristatum PW-1-fermented loose tea and their structural and hypolipidemic characteristics were studied for the first time. The theabrownins were fractionated by their molecular weights and were then analyzed. Ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis) and Flourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) showed that they were polymerized phenolic substances containing abundant hydroxy and carboxyl groups. All theabrownin samples exhibited hypolipidemic activity in high-fat zebrafish; among which TBs-10-30k sample, decreased lipid level in high-fat zebrafish to 51.57% at 1000 μg/mL, was most effective. It was found that TBs-10-30k was a type of amorphous and thermostable polymer with slice shape and smooth surface under scanning electron microscope (SEM). Atomic force microscope (AFM) analysis showed that it had island-like structure because of aggregation of theabrownin molecules. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) analysis further showed that the main pyrolytic products of TBs-10-30k were hexadecanoic acid (33.72%), phenol (14.90%), and eicosane (12.95%), indicating TBs-10-30k was mainly composed of phenols, lipids, saccharides, and proteins. These results not only facilitate subsequent identification of theabrownins, but also provide insights into the applications of theabrownins in functional foods.
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Wang X, Zhou J, Shen M, Shen J, Zhang X, Jin Y. Chlorpyrifos exposure induces lipid metabolism disorder at the physiological and transcriptomic levels in larval zebrafish. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2019; 51:890-899. [PMID: 31384916 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmz074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a widely used insecticide in pest control, and it can affect aquatic animals by contaminating the water. In this study, larval zebrafish were exposed to CPF at concentrations of 30, 100 and 300 μg/l for 7 days. In the CPF-treated group, lipid droplet accumulation was reduced in larval zebrafish. The levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and pyruvate were also decreased after CPF exposure. Cellular apoptosis were significantly increased in the heart tissue after CPF exposure compared with the control. Transcription changes in cardiovascular genes were also observed. Through transcriptome analysis, we found that the transcription of 465 genes changed significantly, with 398 upregulated and 67 downregulated in the CPF-treated group, indicating that CPF exposure altered the transcription of genes. Among these altered genes, a number of genes were closely related to the glucose and lipid metabolism pathways. Furthermore, we also confirmed that the transcription of genes related to fatty acid synthesis, TC synthesis, and lipogenesis were significantly decreased in larval zebrafish after exposure to CPF. These results indicated that CPF exposure induced lipid metabolism disorders associated with cardiovascular toxicity in larval zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jiajie Zhou
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Manlu Shen
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jiayan Shen
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
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13
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Yeh KY, Lai CY, Lin CY, Hsu CC, Lo CP, Her GM. ATF4 overexpression induces early onset of hyperlipidaemia and hepatic steatosis and enhances adipogenesis in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16362. [PMID: 29180630 PMCID: PMC5703967 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16587-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is constitutively expressed in a variety of tissues, and regulates several pathological features associated with metabolic diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) and obesity. However, the role of ATF4 in animal model systems is poorly understood. To investigate ATF4 functions in zebrafish, we conditionally expressed ATF4 proteins, using a Tet-off transgenic system. We observed early-onset hyperlipidaemia and liver steatosis in ATF4 transgenic zebrafish (ATs) without doxycycline treatment (ATs − Dox). Oil Red O (ORO)-stained signals were predominant in the intravascular blood vessels and liver buds of larval ATs − Dox, indicating that ATF4 functionally promotes lipogenesis. Further, ATF4 overexpression accompanied the stimulation of the unfolded protein response. Therefore, adult ATs − Dox showed increased lipid accumulation, which led, in turn, to liver steatosis. Liver histology and ORO staining of ATs − Dox hepatocytes also indicated oxidative stress and induced NASH-like phenotypes. Moreover, ATF4 overexpression accelerated adipocyte differentiation via CCAAT enhancer binding protein-beta and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma inducible expression. ATs-Dox zebrafish showed increased weight gain with larger fat pads due to adipocyte hyperplasia. In this study, we report that ATF4 is a potential stimulator of lipid biosynthesis and adipogenesis in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Yun Yeh
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang-Chung Memorial Hospital, 222 Maijin Road, Keelung, 204, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Lai
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2, Pei Ning Road, Keelung, 202, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Ya Lin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2, Pei Ning Road, Keelung, 202, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Hsu
- Department of Radiology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taichung Branch, No. 66 Fēngxìng Road Section 1, Taichung, 427, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, No.701, Sec. 3, Jhongyang Road, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ping Lo
- Department of Radiology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taichung Branch, No. 66 Fēngxìng Road Section 1, Taichung, 427, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, No.701, Sec. 3, Jhongyang Road, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan
| | - Guor Mour Her
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2, Pei Ning Road, Keelung, 202, Taiwan.
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14
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Tan P, Peng M, Liu D, Guo H, Mai K, Nian R, Macq B, Ai Q. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) is related to pro-inflammatory cytokine production and triglyceride deposition in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 70:381-390. [PMID: 28882805 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) is an economically important fish that is farmed by aquaculture for human consumption. Aquacultured turbot are commonly fed a high-lipid diet; however, this diet causes excessive lipid deposition and the overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Studies in mammals have indicated that a relationship exists between pro-inflammatory cytokine overexpression and altered lipid metabolism through the activation of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3). In this study, we investigated the relationship between SOCS3 and triglyceride (TG) deposition and mechanism of SOCS3 activation in farmed turbot fed high-lipid diet (HLD). TG content increased with SOCS3 production, mediated by toll-like receptor-nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (TLR-NFκB) signaling in the liver of turbot fed a HLD and in turbot primary liver cells incubated with oleic acid (OA). Overexpression of SOCS3 increased TG deposition via the increased production of mature sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (m-SREBP-1). Knockdown of SOCS3 in turbot primary liver cells resulted in normalized TG deposition and decreased m-SREBP-1 production. These results suggest that the HLD and OA can induce cytokine expression by activating the TLR-NFκB signaling pathways, resulting in increased SOCS3 expression. It is proposed that SOCS3 enhances m-SREBP-1 production, leading to TG deposition. These findings provide important new insights into the relationship between cytokine expression and TG deposition and mechanism of HLD-induced pro-inflammatory response, which could help to improve the health of farmed turbot and a better understanding of fish immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Mo Peng
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongwu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Huarong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Nian
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, People's Republic of China
| | - Benoit Macq
- ICTEAM Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Lim FT, Lim SM, Ramasamy K. Cholesterol lowering by Pediococcus acidilactici LAB4 and Lactobacillus plantarum LAB12 in adult zebrafish is associated with improved memory and involves an interplay between npc1l1 and abca1. Food Funct 2017; 8:2817-2828. [PMID: 28725889 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00764g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the cholesterol lowering effect of Pediococcus acidilactici LAB4 and Lactobacillus plantarum LAB12 using adult zebrafish. Animals were fed with a high cholesterol diet (HCD) with/without LAB for seven weeks. Serum and liver cholesterol was quantified using colorimetric and dye staining methods. Expressions of npc1l1 and abca1 in the liver and intestine and appa in the brain were quantified using RT-PCR. Serum and liver cholesterol was significantly lowered in LAB4- and LAB12-fed zebrafish (≤64% and ≤71%, respectively), with reduced liver cholesterol deposition. The cholesterol lowering effect was accompanied by down-regulation of npc1l1 in intestines (≤28.7%), up-regulation of abca1 in the liver (≥30.5%) and down-regulation of appa in the brain (≤24.5%). A moderately strong positive Pearson correlation (r = 0.617, p < 0.01) was found between appa and serum cholesterol. LAB-fed zebrafish exhibited improved spatial learning and memory. LAB4 and LAB12 can be potentially used in preventing hypercholesterolaemia and Alzheimer's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tieng Lim
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Siong Meng Lim
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Kalavathy Ramasamy
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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16
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Hugo SE, Schlegel A. A genetic screen for zebrafish mutants with hepatic steatosis identifies a locus required for larval growth. J Anat 2016; 230:407-413. [PMID: 27976367 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In a screen for zebrafish larval mutants with excessive liver lipid accumulation (hepatic steatosis), we identified harvest moon (hmn). Cytoplasmic lipid droplets, surrounded by multivesicular structures and mitochondria whose cristae appeared swollen, are seen in hmn mutant hepatocytes. Whole body triacylglycerol is increased in hmn mutant larvae. When we attempted to raise mutants, which were morphologically normal at the developmental stage that the screen was conducted, to adulthood, we observed that most hmn mutants do not survive to the juvenile period when raised. An arrest in growth occurs in the late larval period without obvious organ defects. Maternal zygotic mutants have no additional defects, suggesting that the mutation affects a late developmental process. The developmental window between embryogenesis and the metamorphosis remains under-studied, and hmn mutants might be useful for exploring the molecular and anatomic processes occurring during this transition period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Hugo
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine (U2M2) Program, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Amnon Schlegel
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine (U2M2) Program, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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High fat plus high cholesterol diet lead to hepatic steatosis in zebrafish larvae: a novel model for screening anti-hepatic steatosis drugs. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2015; 12:42. [PMID: 26583037 PMCID: PMC4650307 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-015-0036-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized as excessive lipid accumulation within hepatocytes, is growing in prevalence. The exploitation of effective drugs for NAFLD has been proven challenging. Herein, we aimed to establish a dietary model of hepatic steatosis using transparent zebrafish larvae in which high-throughput chemical screens could be conducted. Methods Zebrafish larvae fed with high fat (HF) diet and high fat plus high cholesterol (HFC) diet were compared to the control. We analyzed intrahepatic lipid accumulation, biological indexes and various pathways including lipid metabolism, ER stress and inflammation. In addition, the effects of ezetimibe and simvastatin on HFC diet-induced steatosis were evaluated. Results Zebrafish larvae fed with HF and HFC diets developed steatosis for 7 and 10 days. The incidence and degree of steatosis were more severe in HFC diet-fed larvae compared with the control and HF diet-fed larvae, suggesting that adding cholesterol to the HF diet promotes the hepatic lipid accumulation. These data were confirmed by the pathological observation. Biological indexes, free cholesterol (FC), total cholesterol (TC) and triacylglycerol (TG) were elevated in the liver of HFC diet-fed larvae compared with the control and HF diet-fed larvae. Additionally, the expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and lipolytic molecules (atf6, hspa5, hsp90b1, pparab, cpt1a and acox3) were significantly up-regulated in the liver of HF and HFC diets-fed larvae compared to the control, whereas the expression of lipogenic molecules (acaca, fasn, srebf2, hmgcs1 and hmgcra) were decreased in the liver of HF and HFC diets-fed larvae compared to the control. To validate the reliability of the HFC model and utility value for screening potential anti-steaotsis drugs, HFC-fed larvae were treated with two accepted lipid-lowing drugs (ezetimibe and simvastatin). The results showed that these drugs significantly ameliorated HFC-induced steatosis. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that the zebrafish larvae steatosis model established and validated in this study could be used for in vivo steatosis studies and drug screening. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12986-015-0036-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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