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Cavalu S, Saber S, Hamad RS, Abdel-Reheim MA, Elmorsy EA, Youssef ME. Orexins in apoptosis: a dual regulatory role. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1336145. [PMID: 38699177 PMCID: PMC11064656 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1336145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The orexins, also referred to as hypocretins, are neuropeptides that originate from the lateral hypothalamus (LH) region of the brain. They are composed of two small peptides, orexin-A, and orexin-B, which are broadly distributed throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems. Orexins are recognized to regulate diverse functions, involving energy homeostasis, the sleep-wake cycle, stress responses, and reward-seeking behaviors. Additionally, it is suggested that orexin-A deficiency is linked to sleepiness and narcolepsy. The orexins bind to their respective receptors, the orexin receptor type 1 (OX1R) and type 2 (OX2R), and activate different signaling pathways, which results in the mediation of various physiological functions. Orexin receptors are widely expressed in different parts of the body, including the skin, muscles, lungs, and bone marrow. The expression levels of orexins and their receptors play a crucial role in apoptosis, which makes them a potential target for clinical treatment of various disorders. This article delves into the significance of orexins and orexin receptors in the process of apoptosis, highlighting their expression levels and their potential contributions to different diseases. The article offers an overview of the existing understanding of the orexin/receptor system and how it influences the regulation of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Sameh Saber
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Rabab S. Hamad
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Central Laboratory, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Ahmed Abdel-Reheim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Elsayed A. Elmorsy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud E. Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
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Bouâouda H, Jha PK. Orexin and MCH neurons: regulators of sleep and metabolism. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1230428. [PMID: 37674517 PMCID: PMC10478345 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1230428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep-wake and fasting-feeding are tightly coupled behavioral states that require coordination between several brain regions. The mammalian lateral hypothalamus (LH) is a functionally and anatomically complex brain region harboring heterogeneous cell populations that regulate sleep, feeding, and energy metabolism. Significant attempts were made to understand the cellular and circuit bases of LH actions. Rapid advancements in genetic and electrophysiological manipulation help to understand the role of discrete LH cell populations. The opposing action of LH orexin/hypocretin and melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons on metabolic sensing and sleep-wake regulation make them the candidate to explore in detail. This review surveys the molecular, genetic, and neuronal components of orexin and MCH signaling in the regulation of sleep and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Bouâouda
- Pharmacology Institute, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pawan Kumar Jha
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Hypocretin-1 suppresses malignant progression of glioblastoma cells through Notch1 signaling pathway. Brain Res Bull 2023; 196:46-58. [PMID: 36925051 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Hypocretin-1 is a multifunctional neuropeptide that has been identified as a potential antitumor agent for its role in inhibiting tumor growth, including in colon cancer, neuroendocrine tumor, and prostate cancer. However, the role and mechanism of hypocretin-1 in the occurrence and development of malignant glioma have not been well studied. Therefore, we investigated the effect of hypocretin-1 on glioblastoma proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion and its mechanism. We found that the hypocretin-1 receptor was expressed in both glioma cell lines and glioma tissues. Hypocretin-1 treatment can inhibit glioblastoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and induce cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, hypocretin-1 treatment significantly reduces tumor growth rate and tumor weight. In addition, mechanistic studies have found that hypocretin-1 exerts antitumor effects by inhibiting NOTCH signaling pathway. Overexpression of NICD significantly reversed the antitumor effect of hypocretin on glioblastoma. Taken together, these findings suggest that hypocretin-1 inhibits glioblastoma proliferation, migration and invasion and induces apoptosis in vitro and in vivo through NOTCH signaling pathway.
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Chatterjee O, Gopalakrishnan L, Pullimamidi D, Raj C, Yelamanchi S, Gangadharappa BS, Nair B, Mahadevan A, Raju R, Keshava Prasad TS. A molecular network map of orexin-orexin receptor signaling system. J Cell Commun Signal 2023; 17:217-227. [PMID: 36480100 PMCID: PMC10030760 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-022-00700-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Orexins are excitatory neuropeptides, which are predominantly associated with feeding behavior, sleep-wake cycle and energy homeostasis. The orexinergic system comprises of HCRTR1 and HCRTR2, G-protein-coupled receptors of rhodopsin family and the endogenous ligands processed from HCRT pro-hormone, Orexin A and Orexin B. These neuropeptides are biosynthesized by the orexin neurons present in the lateral hypothalamus area, with dense projections to other brain regions. The orexin-receptor signaling is implicated in various metabolic as well as neurological disorders, making it a promising target for pharmacological interventions. However, there is limited information available on the collective representation of the signal transduction pathways pertaining to the orexin-orexin receptor signaling system. Here, we depict a compendium of the Orexin A/B stimulated reactions in the form of a basic signaling pathway map. This map catalogs the reactions into five categories: molecular association, activation/inhibition, catalysis, transport, and gene regulation. A total of 318 downstream molecules were annotated adhering to the guidelines of NetPath curation. This pathway map can be utilized for further assessment of signaling events associated with orexin-mediated physiological functions and is freely available on WikiPathways, an open-source pathway database ( https://www.wikipathways.org/index.php/Pathway:WP5094 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oishi Chatterjee
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, 560 066, Bangalore, India
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, 690 525, Kollam, India
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), 575 018, Mangalore, India
| | - Lathika Gopalakrishnan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, 560 066, Bangalore, India
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), 575 018, Mangalore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), 576 104, Manipal, India
| | | | - Chinmayi Raj
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, 560 066, Bangalore, India
| | - Soujanya Yelamanchi
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, 560 066, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Bipin Nair
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, 690 525, Kollam, India
| | - Anita Mahadevan
- Human Brain Tissue Repository, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, 560 029, Bangalore, India
- Department of Neuropathology, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, 560 029, Bangalore, India
| | - Rajesh Raju
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), 575 018, Mangalore, India.
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), 575 018, Mangalore, India.
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Wu Y, Berisha A, Borniger JC. Neuropeptides in Cancer: Friend and Foe? Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2200111. [PMID: 35775608 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptides are small regulatory molecules found throughout the body, most notably in the nervous, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal systems. They serve as neurotransmitters or hormones in the regulation of diverse physiological processes. Cancer cells escape normal growth control mechanisms by altering their expression of growth factors, receptors, or intracellular signals, and neuropeptides have recently been recognized as mitogens in cancer growth and development. Many neuropeptides and their receptors exist in multiple subtypes, coupling with different downstream signaling pathways and playing distinct roles in cancer progression. The consideration of neuropeptide/receptor systems as anticancer targets is already leading to new biological and diagnostic knowledge that has the potential to enhance the understanding and treatment of cancer. In this review, recent discoveries regarding neuropeptides in a wide range of cancers, emphasizing their mechanisms of action, signaling cascades, regulation, and therapeutic potential, are discussed. Current technologies used to manipulate and analyze neuropeptides/receptors are described. Applications of neuropeptide analogs and their receptor inhibitors in translational studies and radio-oncology are rapidly increasing, and the possibility for their integration into therapeutic trials and clinical treatment appears promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, One Bungtown Rd, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Adrian Berisha
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, One Bungtown Rd, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Jeremy C Borniger
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, One Bungtown Rd, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
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Orexin A Suppresses the Expression of Exosomal PD-L1 in Colon Cancer and Promotes T Cell Activity by Inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:2173-2181. [PMID: 34097168 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon cancer, ranked third in cancer related mortality, is the most common malignant cancer of digestive tract. Though immune checkpoint inhibitors show promising efficacy in colon cancer, a rather high unresponsive rate and recurrence rate requires further elucidation of the underlying regulatory mechanism of cancer-related immunity. AIMS To study the regulatory function of Orexin A in the expression of exosomal PD-L1 and T cell activity. METHODS Orthotopic colon cancer transplantation mice model were established to study the cancer growth and immune infiltration between Orexin A treated group and untreated group. In vitro studies using mouse CT-26 and human HCT-116 colon cancer cell model studied the effect of Orexin A on cellular and exosomal PD-L1 expression. Co-culturing Jurkat cells with exosomes delivered by cancer cells treated with Orexin A, PD-L1 knockdown and PBS studied different effects on T cell. Comparing Orexin A with WP1066, a JAK2/STAT3 inhibitor verified the mechanism of these changes. RESULTS The growth rate of orthotopic transplanted colon cancer was slower in Orexin A treated group, with lower PD-L1 expression and higher immune infiltration. Orexin A could inhibit cellular and exosomal PD-L1 expression. The decreased expression of PD-L1 in exosomes could promote the activity of Jurkat cells secreting higher level of IFN-γ and IL-2. Orexin A showed a similar effect like WP1066 which proved JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway was its downstream signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Orexin A could suppress the expression of exosomal PD-L1 in colon cancer cells and promote T cells activity by inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Couvineau A, Voisin T, Nicole P, Gratio V, Blais A. Orexins: A promising target to digestive cancers, inflammation, obesity and metabolism dysfunctions. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:7582-7596. [PMID: 34908800 PMCID: PMC8641057 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i44.7582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic neuropeptides named hypocretin/orexins which were identified in 1998 regulate critical functions such as wakefulness in the central nervous system. These past 20 years had revealed that orexins/receptors system was also present in the peripheral nervous system where they participated to the regulation of multiple functions including blood pressure regulation, intestinal motility, hormone secretion, lipolyze and reproduction functions. Associated to these peripheral functions, it was found that orexins and their receptors were involved in various diseases such as acute/chronic inflammation, metabolic syndrome and cancers. The present review suggests that orexins or the orexin neural circuitry represent potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of multiple pathologies related to inflammation including intestinal bowel disease, multiple sclerosis and septic shock, obesity and digestive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Couvineau
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center, Team “From inflammation to cancer in digestive diseases” labeled by “la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer”, University of Paris, DHU UNITY, Paris 75018, France
| | - Thierry Voisin
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center, Team “From inflammation to cancer in digestive diseases” labeled by “la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer”, University of Paris, DHU UNITY, Paris 75018, France
| | - Pascal Nicole
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center, Team “From inflammation to cancer in digestive diseases” labeled by “la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer”, University of Paris, DHU UNITY, Paris 75018, France
| | - Valerie Gratio
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center, Team “From inflammation to cancer in digestive diseases” labeled by “la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer”, University of Paris, DHU UNITY, Paris 75018, France
| | - Anne Blais
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris 75005, France
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Alain C, Pascal N, Valérie G, Thierry V. Orexins/Hypocretins and Cancer: A Neuropeptide as Emerging Target. Molecules 2021; 26:4849. [PMID: 34443437 PMCID: PMC8398691 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 20 years ago, orexin neuropeptides (Orexin-A/hypocretin-1 and Orexin-B/hypocretins-2) produced from the same precursor in hypothalamus were identified. These two neurotransmitters and their receptors (OX1R and OX1R), present in the central and peripheral nervous system, play a major role in wakefulness but also in drug addiction, food consumption, homeostasis, hormone secretion, reproductive function, lipolysis and blood pressure regulation. With respect to these biological functions, orexins were involved in various pathologies encompassing narcolepsy, neurodegenerative diseases, chronic inflammations, metabolic syndrome and cancers. The expression of OX1R in various cancers including colon, pancreas and prostate cancers associated with its ability to induce a proapoptotic activity in tumor cells, suggested that the orexins/OX1R system could have a promising therapeutic role. The present review summarizes the relationship between cancers and orexins/OX1R system as an emerging target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Couvineau Alain
- INSERM UMR1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Team “From Inflammation to Cancer in Digestive Diseases” Labeled by “la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer”, University of Paris, DHU UNITY, 75018 Paris, France; (N.P.); (G.V.); (V.T.)
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Focus on the Complex Interconnection between Cancer, Narcolepsy and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Possible Case of Orexin-Dependent Inverse Comorbidity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112612. [PMID: 34073579 PMCID: PMC8198883 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This narrative review first describes from several points of view the complex interrelationship between cancer and neurodegeneration, with special attention to the mechanisms that might underlie an inverse relationship between them. In particular, the mechanisms that might induce an imbalance between cell apoptotic and proliferative stimuli are discussed. Second, the review summarizes findings on orexins and their involvement in narcolepsy, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer, starting from epidemiological data then addressing laboratory findings, animal models, and human clinical observational and interventional investigations. Important research efforts are warranted on these topics, as they might lead to novel therapeutic approaches to both neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Abstract Conditions such as Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s diseases (PD) are less prevalent in cancer survivors and, overall, cancer is less prevalent in subjects with these neurodegenerative disorders. This seems to suggest that a propensity towards one type of disease may decrease the risk of the other. In addition to epidemiologic data, there is also evidence of a complex biological interconnection, with genes, proteins, and pathways often showing opposite dysregulation in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In this narrative review, we focus on the possible role played by orexin signaling, which is altered in patients with narcolepsy type 1 and in those with AD and PD, and which has been linked to β-amyloid brain levels and inflammation in mouse models and to cancer in cell lines. Taken together, these lines of evidence depict a possible case of inverse comorbidity between cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, with a role played by orexins. These considerations suggest a therapeutic potential of orexin modulation in diverse pathologies such as narcolepsy, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer.
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Hu S, Niu J, Zhang R, Li X, Luo M, Sang T, Guo J, Liu J, Ding X, Li X, Ma Y, Gao R. Orexin A associates with inflammation by interacting with OX1R/OX2R receptor and activating prepro-Orexin in cancer tissues of gastric cancer patients. GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA 2020; 43:240-247. [PMID: 31983458 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gastric cancer (GC) has been become the second leading cause for cancer-associated death. This study aimed to investigate Orexin A levels and associated receptors in tumor tissues of GC patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-six consecutive gastric cancer patients (GC, n=46) and 13 chronic atrophic gastritis patients (CAG, n=13) were recruited. Meanwhile, 18 health individuals visiting Medical Examination Department were involved as control (N group, n=18). ELISA was used to examine Orexin A concentration. Immunohistochemistry assay was used to examine OX1R and OX2R. HE staining was applied to evaluate inflammation. qRT-PCR was employed to detect OX1R, OX2R, prepro-Orexin mRNAs. Serum Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection was measured. RESULTS Orexin A expression in GC patients was significantly up-regulated compared to N group and CAG group (p<0.05). Orexin A expression was increased in CAG group compared to N group (p<0.05). Gastric cancer tissues exhibited significantly obvious inflammation compared to N group and CAG group (p<0.05). OX1R and OX2R expressions were significantly down-regulated in GC group compared to N group and CAG group (p<0.05). OX1R and OX2R were lower significantly in GC group compared to CAG group (p<0.05). Prepro-Orexin was significantly depleted in tumor tissues of GC group compared to N group and CAG group (p<0.05). Orexin A expression was un-associated with gender, age and differential grades (p>0.05). CAG and GC patients demonstrated higher H. pylori infection rates. CONCLUSION Orexin A was associated with inflammation by interacting with OX1R/OX2R receptor and activating prepro-Orexin in tumor tissues of gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjuan Hu
- Digestive division, Endoscopic center, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autunomous Region, Yinchuan, China.
| | - Jianguo Niu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- 521 Hospital of Norinco Group, Xi'an, China
| | - Ximei Li
- Digestive division, Endoscopic center, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autunomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Digestive division, Endoscopic center, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autunomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Tian Sang
- Digestive division, Endoscopic center, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autunomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jianyang Guo
- Digestive division, Endoscopic center, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autunomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Digestive division, Endoscopic center, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autunomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaoling Ding
- Digestive division, Endoscopic center, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autunomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Digestive division, Endoscopic center, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autunomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuhong Ma
- Digestive division, Endoscopic center, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autunomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ruiping Gao
- Digestive division, Endoscopic center, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autunomous Region, Yinchuan, China
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Wang L, Gu Y, Zhang J, Gong L. Effects of Sleep Deprivation (SD) on Rats via ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:2886-2895. [PMID: 31002658 PMCID: PMC6486800 DOI: 10.12659/msm.913839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep deprivation (SD) is common in humans, and sleep loss has a significant influence on health and produces related diseases. Orexin-A has been demonstrated to play a role in physiological processes, including feeding, sleep/wake cycle, and energy metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of SD on rats and to define the underlying mechanism. Material/Methods We constructed an SD rat model. The Morris water maze test was used to assess rat learning and memory. Imaging of hippocampus and hippocampal tissue in rats were captured by magnetic resonance imaging or electron microscopy. We used the CCK-8 kit to assess cell viability. The level of protein was measured using Western blot analysis, and qRT-PCR was used to evaluate mRNA level. Results SD rats had poorer learning and memory and had damage to the hippocampus. SD resulted in shrinkage of hippocampal volume and encephalocele size. SD increased the expression of Orexin-A, OX1R, OX2R, and PARP-1, and decreased the expression of ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2. Orexin-A (0–10 μM) improved neuron viability, whereas orexin-A (10–100 μM) attenuated neuron viability. SB334867 treatment reduced the viability of neurons treated with orexin-A. NU1025 treatment increased cell viability, especially in neurons treated with orexin-A. SB334867 treatment decreased the p-ERK1/2 levels in neurons treated with orexin-A. NU1025 increased the expression of p-ERK1/2 in neurons treated with orexin-A. Conclusions SD decreases learning and memory through damage to the hippocampus. Higher concentrations of orexin-A had a major negative effect on hippocampal neurons via OX1R and PARP-1 through inhibition of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Youyi Gu
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Li Gong
- Department of Neurology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Joshi D, Sarkar D, Singh SK. The hypothalamic neuropeptide orexin A- a possible regulator in glucose homeostasis and germ cell kinetics in adult mice testes. Biochimie 2018; 152:94-109. [PMID: 29964087 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Orexin A (OXA), a hypothalamic neuropeptide, regulates food intake, sleep-wake cycle and energy balance by binding to its receptor (OX1R). Apart from brain, OXA and OX1R are also present in peripheral organs including reproductive tissues. Mammalian reproduction depends on uptake and proper utilization of glucose in the testes. This study, therefore, examined role of OXA/OX1R system in regulation of glucose homeostasis in adult mouse testis under in vivo and ex vivo conditions. Binding of OXA to OX1R was blocked using an OX1R antagonist, SB-334867. Mice were given a single bilateral intratesticular injection of the antagonist at doses of 4 and 12μg/mouse and sacrificed 24 h post-injection. In order to understand the direct role of OXA in testes of adult mice, an ex vivo experiment was performed where binding of OXA to OX1R in the testis was blocked by using the same OX1R antagonist. The antagonist treatment affected testicular glucose and lactate concentration with concomitant down-regulation in the expression of glucose transporters 3 and 8. A decreased activity in lactate dehydrogenase enzyme and imbalance between germ cell survival and proliferation were also noted in testes in treated mice. The results of ex vivo study supported the results obtained from in vivo study. The findings thus suggest involvement of OXA/OX1R system in regulation of testicular glucose homeostasis and germ cell kinetics in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepanshu Joshi
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Debarshi Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Shio Kumar Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Tsuneki H, Wada T, Sasaoka T. Chronopathophysiological implications of orexin in sleep disturbances and lifestyle-related disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 186:25-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Couvineau A, Dayot S, Nicole P, Gratio V, Rebours V, Couvelard A, Voisin T. The Anti-tumoral Properties of Orexin/Hypocretin Hypothalamic Neuropeptides: An Unexpected Therapeutic Role. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:573. [PMID: 30319552 PMCID: PMC6170602 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Orexins (OxA and OxB) also termed hypocretins are hypothalamic neuropeptides involved in central nervous system (CNS) to control the sleep/wake process which is mediated by two G protein-coupled receptor subtypes, OX1R, and OX2R. Beside these central effects, orexins also play a role in various peripheral organs such as the intestine, pancreas, adrenal glands, kidney, adipose tissue and reproductive tract.In the past few years, an unexpected anti-tumoral role of orexins mediated by a new signaling pathway involving the presence of two immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIM) in both orexin receptors subtypes, the recruitment of the phosphotyrosine phosphatase SHP2 and the induction of mitochondrial apoptosis has been elucidated. In the present review, we will discuss the anti-tumoral effect of orexin/OXR system in colon, pancreas, prostate and other cancers, and its interest as a possible therapeutic target.
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Graybill NL, Weissig V. A review of orexin's unprecedented potential as a novel, highly-specific treatment for various localized and metastatic cancers. SAGE Open Med 2017; 5:2050312117735774. [PMID: 29147564 PMCID: PMC5673000 DOI: 10.1177/2050312117735774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A systematic review was conducted to categorize the types of cancerous tissues that express orexin receptors and also to examine the effect of in vitro administration of orexin A or B to corresponding cell samples. Comprehensive literature analyses of primary experimental studies were performed. The results of the review included an increased frequency of orexin receptor expression in many colon and prostate cancer tissues and an upward trend of pro-apoptotic activity in these aggressive cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Graybill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanomedicine Center of Excellence in Translational Cancer Research, College of Pharmacy-Glendale, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Volkmar Weissig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanomedicine Center of Excellence in Translational Cancer Research, College of Pharmacy-Glendale, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
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