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Wu S, Li R, Jiang Y, Yu J, Zheng J, Li Z, Li M, Xin K, Wang Y, Xu Z, Li S, Chen X. Liquid biopsy in urothelial carcinoma: Detection techniques and clinical applications. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115027. [PMID: 37354812 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The types of urothelial carcinoma (UC) include urothelial bladder cancer and upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Current diagnostic techniques cannot meet the needs of patients. Liquid biopsy is an accurate method of determining the molecular profile of UC and is a cutting-edge and popular technique that is expected to complement existing detection techniques and benefit patients with UC. Circulating tumor cells, cell-free DNA, cell-free RNA, extracellular vesicles, proteins, and metabolites can be found in the blood, urine, or other bodily fluids and are examined during liquid biopsies. This article focuses on the components of liquid biopsies and their clinical applications in UC. Liquid biopsies have tremendous potential in multiple aspects of precision oncology, from early diagnosis and treatment monitoring to predicting prognoses. They may therefore play an important role in the management of UC and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Wu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Yuanhong Jiang
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Jiazheng Yu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Jianyi Zheng
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Zeyu Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Kerong Xin
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China.
| | - Zhenqun Xu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
| | - Shijie Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
| | - Xiaonan Chen
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
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Fu T, Lin Y, Lin L, Yang Y, Guo Q, Long Y, He H, Bao Y, Lin T, Chen J, Chen Z, Du L, Liao G, Liao B, Huang J. Network architecture of non-coding RNAs provides insights into the pathogenesis of upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2022; 40:383.e11-383.e21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Białek Ł, Bilski K, Dobruch J, Krajewski W, Szydełko T, Kryst P, Poletajew S. Non-Invasive Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma-A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061520. [PMID: 35326672 PMCID: PMC8945959 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond laboratory, imaging and endoscopic procedures, new diagnostic tools are increasingly being sought for the diagnosis of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), especially those that are non-invasive. In this systematic review, we aimed to determine the effectiveness of non-invasive tests in the diagnosis of UTUC. PubMed and Embase electronic databases were searched to identify studies assessing effectiveness of non-invasive tests in the primary diagnosis of UTUC. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020216480). Among 10,084 screened publications, 25 were eligible and included in the analysis. Most of them were conducted on small samples of patients and the control groups were heterogenous. The test used in the largest number of studies was voided urinary cytology, which has poor sensitivity (11-71.1%) with favorable specificity (54-100%). Fluorescence in situ hybridization in diagnostic cytology showed higher sensitivity (35-85.7%) with equally good specificity (80-100%). There were also studies on the use of tests known to diagnose bladder cancer such as NMP22, uCYT or BTA test. Other urine or blood tests have been the subject of only isolated studies, with varying results. To conclude, currently there is a lack of high-quality data that could confirm good effectiveness of non-invasive tests used in the diagnosis of UTUC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Białek
- Department of Urology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (K.B.); (J.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Konrad Bilski
- Department of Urology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (K.B.); (J.D.)
| | - Jakub Dobruch
- Department of Urology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (K.B.); (J.D.)
| | - Wojciech Krajewski
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland; (W.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Tomasz Szydełko
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland; (W.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Piotr Kryst
- Second Department of Urology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Sławomir Poletajew
- Second Department of Urology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (S.P.)
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MicroRNA Signatures in the Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Scenario: Ready for the Game Changer? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052602. [PMID: 35269744 PMCID: PMC8910117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) represents a minor subgroup of malignancies arising in the urothelium of the renal pelvis or ureter. The estimated annual incidence is around 2 cases per 100,000 people, with a mean age at diagnosis of 73 years. UTUC is more frequently diagnosed in an invasive or metastatic stage. However, even though the incidence of UTUC is not high, UTUC tends to be aggressive and rapidly progressing with a poor prognosis in some patients. A significant challenge in UTUC is ensuring accurate and timely diagnosis, which is complicated by the non-specific nature of symptoms seen at the onset of disease. Moreover, there is a lack of biomarkers capable of identifying the early presence of the malignancy and guide-tailored medical treatment. However, the growing understanding of the molecular biology underlying UTUC has led to the discovery of promising new biomarkers. Among these biomarkers, there is a class of small non-coding RNA biomarkers known as microRNAs (miRNAs) that are particularly promising. In this review, we will analyze the main characteristics of UTUC and focus on microRNAs as possible novel tools that could enter clinical practice in order to optimize the current diagnostic and prognostic algorithm.
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Yang L, Yang S, Ren C, Liu S, Zhang X, Sui A. Deciphering the roles of miR-16-5p in Malignant Solid Tumorsmalignant solid tumors. Pharmacotherapy 2022; 148:112703. [PMID: 35149384 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
MiR-16-5p, a member of the miR-16 family, has been reported to be abnormal expression in tumor tissues and blood of tumor patients, and also downregulated in most cancer cell lines. Aberrant expression of miR-16-5p promotes tumor cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and can also affect the treatment sensitivity, such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Generally, miR-16-5p plays an anti-tumor role and these diverse functions of miR-16-5p in tumors collectively indicate that miR-16-5p may become an attractive target for novel anticancer therapies and a powerful diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for early tumor detection and population risk screening. Herein we review the role and utilization of miR-16-5p in malignant tumor in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyi Yang
- Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Graduate School of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Graduate School of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Congcong Ren
- Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Graduate School of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Shihua Liu
- Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Graduate School of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaopei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Graduate School of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Aixia Sui
- Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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MicroRNA as a Biomarker for Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Purpose in Urinary Tract Cancer. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9122136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of urologic cancers, including kidney, upper tract urothelial, and bladder malignancies, is increasing globally, with a high percentage of cases showing metastasis upon diagnosis and low five-year survival rates. MicroRNA (miRNA), a small non-coding RNA, was found to regulate the expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in several tumors, including cancers of the urinary system. In the current review, we comprehensively discuss the recently reported up-or down-regulated miRNAs as well as their possible targets and regulated pathways involved in the development, progression, and metastasis of urinary tract cancers. These miRNAs represent potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers that may help in efficient and early diagnosis in addition to better treatment outcomes.
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Mei Y, Li K, Zhang Z, Li M, Yang H, Wang H, Huang X, Li X, Shi S, Yang H. miR-33b-3p Acts as a Tumor Suppressor by Targeting DOCK4 in Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:740452. [PMID: 34804930 PMCID: PMC8595470 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.740452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite that androgen-deprivation therapy results in long-lasting responses, the disease inevitably progresses to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. In this study, we identified miR-33b-3p as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer. miR-33b-3p was significantly reduced in prostate cancer tissues, and the low expression of miR-33b-3p was correlated with poor overall survival of prostate cancer patients. Overexpression of miR-33b-3p inhibited both migration and invasion of highly metastatic prostate cancer cells whereas inhibition of miR-33b-3p promoted those processes in lowly metastatic cells. The in vivo results demonstrate that miR-33b-3p suppresses metastasis of tail vein inoculated prostate cancer cells to lung and lymph nodes in mice. DOCK4 was validated as the direct target of miR-33b-3p. miR-33b-3p decreased the expression of DOCK4 and restoration of DOCK4 could rescue miR-33b-3p inhibition on cell migration and invasion. Moreover, downregulation of miR-33b-3p was induced by bortezomib, the clinically used proteasome inhibitor, and overexpression of miR-33b-3p enhanced the insufficient inhibition of bortezomib on migration and invasion as well as metastasis of prostate cancer cells. In summary, our findings demonstrate that miR-33b-3p suppresses metastasis by targeting DOCK4 in prostate cancer. Our results suggest that enhancing miR-33b-3p expression may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for overcoming that proteasome inhibitor’s poor efficacy against metastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mei
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Kai Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xuemei Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyuan Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Shuhua Shi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Huanjie Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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Stempor PA, Avni D, Leibowitz R, Sidi Y, Stępień M, Dzieciątkowski T, Dobosz P. Comprehensive Analysis of Correlations in the Expression of miRNA Genes and Immune Checkpoint Genes in Bladder Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2553. [PMID: 33806327 PMCID: PMC7961343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalised medicine is the future and hope for many patients, including those with cancers. Early detection, as well as rapid, well-selected treatment, are key factors leading to a good prognosis. MicroRNA mediated gene regulation is a promising area of development for new diagnostic and therapeutic methods, crucial for better prospects for patients. Bladder cancer is a frequent neoplasm, with high lethality and lacking modern, advanced therapeutic modalities, such as immunotherapy. MicroRNAs are involved in bladder cancer pathogenesis, proliferation, control and response to treatment, which we summarise in this perspective in response to lack of recent review publications in this field. We further performed a correlation-based analysis of microRNA and gene expression data in bladder cancer (BLCA) TCGA dataset. We identified 27 microRNAs hits with opposite expression profiles to genes involved in immune response in bladder cancer, and 24 microRNAs hits with similar expression profiles. We discuss previous studies linking the functions of these microRNAs to bladder cancer and assess if they are good candidates for personalised medicine therapeutics and diagnostics. The discussed functions include regulation of gene expression, interplay with transcription factors, response to treatment, apoptosis, cell proliferation and angiogenesis, initiation and development of cancer, genome instability and tumour-associated inflammatory reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław A. Stempor
- SmartImmune Ltd, Accelerate Cambridge, University of Cambridge Judge Business School, Cambridge CB4 1EE, UK;
| | - Dror Avni
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine C, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashome 52621, Israel;
| | - Raya Leibowitz
- Oncology Institute, Shamir Medical Center, Be’er Yaakov, Tel Hashome 52621, Israel;
- Faculty of Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo 6997801, Israel;
| | - Yechezkel Sidi
- Faculty of Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo 6997801, Israel;
| | - Maria Stępień
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
| | | | - Paula Dobosz
- Department of Hematology, Transplantationand Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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Wang J, Zhao L, Peng X, Liu K, Zhang C, Chen X, Han Y, Lai Y. Evaluation of miR-130 family members as circulating biomarkers for the diagnosis of bladder cancer. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23517. [PMID: 32761678 PMCID: PMC7755799 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous research has shown that the miR-130 family is closely related to the occurrence and development of bladder cancer. We hope to use the miR-130 family members as new, non-invasive, and easily detectable biomarkers for bladder cancer. METHODS We analyzed 428 cases in The Cancer Genome Atlas-Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma database and verified that the miR-130 family members were significantly overexpressed in bladder cancer. A total of 74 bladder cancer patients and 90 controls were enrolled. The relative expression of the miR-130 family in serum was detected using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The diagnostic efficacy of the miR-130 family members was determined using the receiver operating characteristic method (ROC), and a diagnostic panel was built using logistic regression. The results of the study were further confirmed in an external validation set of 492 samples from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. RESULTS The expression of the miR-130 family members (except for miR-301b-3p) in the serum of bladder cancer patients was higher than that in the controls. The diagnostic capabilities for bladder cancer were 0.847 (miR-130a-3p), 0.762 (miR-130b-3p), and 0.892 (miR-301a-3p). We established a three-miRNA panel with an area under the ROC curve as high as 0.961, indicating that it is a promising clinical diagnostic biomarker of bladder cancer with high sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSION The expression levels of miR-130 family members in serum can effectively distinguish the bladder cancer patients from healthy controls. This finding will facilitate the clinical diagnosis of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Wang
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and GeneticsPeking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Liwen Zhao
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and GeneticsPeking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenChina
- Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Xiqi Peng
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and GeneticsPeking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenChina
- Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Kaihao Liu
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and GeneticsPeking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenChina
- Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Chunduo Zhang
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and GeneticsPeking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Xuan Chen
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and GeneticsPeking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenChina
- Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Yanni Han
- Department of UltrasoundPeking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Yongqing Lai
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and GeneticsPeking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenChina
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Hassler MR, Bray F, Catto JWF, Grollman AP, Hartmann A, Margulis V, Matin SF, Roupret M, Sfakianos JP, Shariat SF, Faltas BM. Molecular Characterization of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma in the Era of Next-generation Sequencing: A Systematic Review of the Current Literature. Eur Urol 2020; 78:209-220. [PMID: 32571725 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT While upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) share histological appearance with bladder cancer (BC), the former has differences in etiology and clinical phenotype consistent with characteristic molecular alterations. OBJECTIVE To systematically evaluate current genomic sequencing and proteomic data examining molecular alterations in UTUC. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A systematic review using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed in December 2019 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS A total of 46 publications were selected for inclusion in this report, including 13 studies assessing genome-wide alterations, 18 studies assessing gene expression or microRNA expression profiles, three studies assessing proteomics, one study assessing genome-wide DNA methylation, and 14 studies evaluating distinct pathway alteration patterns. Differences between sporadic and hereditary UTUC, and between UTUC and BC, as well as molecular profiles associated with exposure to aristolochic acid are highlighted. Molecular pathways relevant to UTUC biology, such as alterations in FGFR3, TP53, or microsatellite instability, are discussed. Our findings are limited by tumor and patient heterogeneity and different platforms used in the studies. CONCLUSIONS Molecular events in UTUC and BC can be shared or distinct. Consequently, molecular subtypes differ according to location. Further work is needed to define the epigenomic and proteomic features of UTUC, and understand the mechanisms by which they shape the clinical behavior of UTUC. PATIENT SUMMARY We report the current data on the molecular alterations specific to upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), resulting from novel genomic and proteomic technologies. Although UTUC biology is comparable with that of bladder cancer, the rates and UTUC-enriched alterations support its uniqueness and the need for precision medicine strategies for this rare tumor type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Hassler
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Freddie Bray
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - James W F Catto
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Arthur P Grollman
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vitaly Margulis
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Surena F Matin
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Morgan Roupret
- Urology, GRC n°5, Predictive Onco-Uro, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - John P Sfakianos
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Karl Landsteiner Institute of Urology and Andrology, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA; Department of Urology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Division of Urology, Department of Special Surgery, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; European Association of Urology research foundation, Arnhem, Netherlands.
| | - Bishoy M Faltas
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA; Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center at Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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11
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Zeuschner P, Linxweiler J, Junker K. Non-coding RNAs as biomarkers in liquid biopsies with a special emphasis on extracellular vesicles in urological malignancies. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 20:151-167. [DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1665998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Zeuschner
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Linxweiler
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Junker
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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13
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Miyake M, Owari T, Hori S, Nakai Y, Fujimoto K. Emerging biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of urothelial carcinoma. Res Rep Urol 2018; 10:251-261. [PMID: 30588457 PMCID: PMC6299471 DOI: 10.2147/rru.s173027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma (UC) arises extensively from the renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, and urethra. UC represents a clinical and social challenge because of its incidence, post-treatment recurrence rate, and prognosis. Combinations of urine cytology, cystoscopy, and conventional imaging such as computed tomography are currently used for diagnosis and monitoring modalities of UC. Both the poor diagnostic accuracy of urine cytology and poor cost performance of cystoscopy and conventional imaging modalities emphasize the urgent need for advancement in clinical guidance for UC. Urine- and blood-based biomarkers for detection of UC of the bladder and upper urinary tract represent a considerable research area. Biomarkers can help to improve UC diagnosis with the aim of replacing cystoscopy and other imaging examinations in future and may enable individualizing risk stratification regarding therapy and follow-up. Over the decades, numerous studies have focused on the potential application of biomarkers for UC, including urine, circulating tumor DNA, RNAs, proteins, and extracellular vesicles. Although some biomarkers such as ImmunoCyt/uCyt+, UroVysion, NMP-22, bladder tumor antigen, CxBladder, and Xpert Bladder Cancer are currently available in clinical practice, few biomarkers achieve high sensitivity and specificity. Emerging biomarkers are continuously developed and reported in medical journals. However, there is a significant lack on following external validation using different cohorts. The positive results are needed to be confirmed by more studies with large-scale cohorts and long follow-up periods to prove the true value of novel biomarkers, followed by their adoption in clinical practice. The present paper provides an overview of the evidence based on high-impact studies regarding urine- and blood-based biomarkers and their clinical applications in bladder cancer and upper tract UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makito Miyake
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara-shi, Nara 634-8522, Japan,
| | - Takuya Owari
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara-shi, Nara 634-8522, Japan,
| | - Shunta Hori
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara-shi, Nara 634-8522, Japan,
| | - Yasushi Nakai
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara-shi, Nara 634-8522, Japan,
| | - Kiyohide Fujimoto
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara-shi, Nara 634-8522, Japan,
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14
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Tölle A, Blobel CC, Jung K. Circulating miRNAs in blood and urine as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for bladder cancer: an update in 2017. Biomark Med 2018; 12:667-676. [PMID: 29896971 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents a critical appraisal of previously published study data of miRNAs in blood, urine and exosomes as biomarkers of bladder cancer (BC). The evaluation included 39 articles published from the beginning of 2010 until September 2017 and searched in PubMed. The heterogeneity of studies, due to their clinicopathological variability, including insufficient consideration of diagnostic and prognostic biomarker guidelines and missing internal and external validation of data, do not currently allow the recommending of a useful miRNA marker as diagnostic or prognostic tool in BC. Future multi-institutional studies are necessary to overcome the deficiencies in these studies in order to prove the usefulness of circulating miRNAs as robust biomarkers for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Tölle
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,CONGEN Biotechnology GmbH, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Conrad C Blobel
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Jung
- Berlin Institute for Urologic Research, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a relatively rare and poorly investigated disease. The objective of this review was to discuss recent advances in genomics and their implication regarding prognosis and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS UTUC were compared with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) at genomic and transcriptomic levels. Molecular studies focused on identifying new prognostic biomarkers that were often initially described in UCB and extrapolated to UTUC. Some of them could be interesting to improve the management of UTUC. SUMMARY Recent studies improved our understanding of UTUC as a distinct entity compared with UCB. Although UTUC shares many of the same genomic alterations with UCB, some key differences have been identified as oncogenic drivers of these cancers. This better comprehension of genomics could lead to new prognostic markers that may refine UTUC treatment.
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Montalbo R, Izquierdo L, Ingelmo-Torres M, Lozano JJ, Capitán D, Alcaraz A, Mengual L. Prognostic value of circulating microRNAs in upper tract urinary carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:16691-16700. [PMID: 29682178 PMCID: PMC5908279 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of upper tract urinary carcinoma (UTUC) prognostic biomarkers is urgently needed to predict tumour progression. This study aimed to identify serum microRNAs (miRNAs) that may be useful as minimally invasive predictive biomarkers of tumour progression and survival in UTUC patients. To this end, 33 UTUC patients who underwent radical nephroureterectomy at the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona were prospectively included. Expression of 800 miRNAs was evaluated in serum samples from these patients using nCounter® miRNA Expression Assays. The study was divided into an initial discovery phase (n=12) and a validation phase (n=21). Cox regression analysis was used for survival analysis. The median follow-up (range) of the series was 42 months (9-100 months). In the discovery phase, 38 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified between progressing and non-progressing UTUC patients (p<0.05). Validation of these 38 miRNAs in an independent set of UTUC patients confirmed the differential expression in 18 of them (p<0.05). Cox Regression analysis showed miR-151b and pathological stage as significant prognostic factors for tumour progression (HR=0.33, p<0.001 and HR=2.62, p=0.006, respectively) and cancer specific survival (HR=0.25, p<0.001 and HR=3.98, p=0.003, respectively). Survival curves revealed that miR-151b is able to discriminate between two groups of UTUC patients with a highly significant different probability of tumour progression (p=0.006) and cancer specific survival (p=0.034). Although the data needs to be externally validated, miRNA analysis in serum appears to be a valuable prognostic tool in UTUC patients. Particularly, differential expression of miR-151b in serum may serve as a minimally invasive prognostic tool in UTUC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Montalbo
- Department and Laboratory of Urology, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Izquierdo
- Department and Laboratory of Urology, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Ingelmo-Torres
- Department and Laboratory of Urology, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan José Lozano
- CIBERehd, Plataforma de Bioinformática, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Capitán
- Department and Laboratory of Urology, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Alcaraz
- Department and Laboratory of Urology, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Mengual
- Department and Laboratory of Urology, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Chung YH, Li SC, Kao YH, Luo HL, Cheng YT, Lin PR, Tai MH, Chiang PH. MiR-30a-5p Inhibits Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Upregulates Expression of Tight Junction Protein Claudin-5 in Human Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081826. [PMID: 28829370 PMCID: PMC5578210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer development and their potential as prognostic biomarkers are becoming increasingly known. However, the signature of miRNAs and their regulatory roles in tumorigenesis of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) remain to be elucidated. This study aimed to profile the miRNA expression pattern in UTUC tumor tissues and identify candidate miRNAs with prognostic and/or therapeutic functions. Methods and Results: We collected 22 UTUC tissue and adjacent normal tissues samples from patients who underwent nephroureterectomy. The miRNAs signatures of three selected UTUC samples using next-generation sequencing showed that miR-30a-5p was significantly downregulated in UTUC tumors compared to adjacent normal tissues. The differentially-expressed miRNAs were specifically validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the miRNA expression signatures were analyzed with the transcriptome profile characterized by microarray. Further in vitro studies indicated that overexpression of miR-30a-5p significantly suppressed proliferation, migration, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cultured BFTC-909 UTUC cells. As a potential target gene of miR-30a-5p in the tight junction pathway suggested by the pathway enrichment analysis, the reduced expression of tight junction protein claudin-5 in UTUC cells was demonstrated to be upregulated by miR-30a-5p genetic delivery. Conclusions: Taken together, our findings demonstrated that miR-30a-5p inhibits proliferation, metastasis, and EMT, and upregulates the expression of tight junction claudin-5 in UTUC cells. Thus, miR-30a-5p may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for UTUC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Hua Chung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Sung-Chou Li
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Hsien Kao
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
| | - Hao-Lun Luo
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Yuan-Tso Cheng
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Pey-Ru Lin
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Hong Tai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Hui Chiang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
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18
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Prognostic microRNAs in upper tract urothelial carcinoma: multicenter and international validation study. Oncotarget 2017; 8:51522-51529. [PMID: 28881664 PMCID: PMC5584265 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To validate previously discovered miRNAs (miR-31-5p and miR-149-5p) as prognostic factors for UTUC in an independent cohort of UTUC patients. Patients and Methods Multicenter, international and retrospective study of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 103 UTUC patients (45 progressing and 58 non-progressing) who underwent radical nephroureterectomy. Total RNA was isolated and reverse transcribed. The expression of target miRNAs (miR-31-5p and miR-149-5p) and the endogenous control miR-218-5p was evaluated in all samples by reverse transcription quantitative PCR. Normalized miRNA expression values were evaluated by multivariate forward stepwise Cox regression analysis. Kaplan Meier curves were used to discriminate between two groups of patients with a different probability of tumour progression. Results The mean age (range) of the series was 67 (33-94) years. Overall, 45 patients (43.7%) developed tumour progression and 32 patients (31.2%) died, 20 of these (62.5%) due to their UTUC, after a median follow-up of 36 months. The mean time for tumour progression and cancer-specific survival were 15 and 20 months, respectively. Five year tumour progression free survival and cancer-specific survival were 58% for ≤ pT2, 36% for pT3 and 0% for pT4 and 67.8% for ≤ pT2, 50.6% for pT3 and 0% for pT4, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, expression of miR-31-5p was found to be an independent prognostic factor of tumour progression (HR 1.1; 95% CI 1.039-1.273; p=0.02). Kaplan Meier curve shows that miR-31-5p expression values are able to discriminate between two groups of UTUC patients with a different probability of tumour progression (p=0.007). Conclusions We have been able to validate our previous results in an independent multicentre international cohort of UTUC patients, suggesting that miRNA-31-5p could be a useful prognostic marker of UTUC progression. The application of miRNA expression values to clinical practice could refine the currently used clinicopathological-based approach for predicting UTUC patients’ outcome.
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Liu X, Liu X, Wu Y, Wu Q, Wang Q, Yang Z, Li L. MicroRNAs in biofluids are novel tools for bladder cancer screening. Oncotarget 2017; 8:32370-32379. [PMID: 28423688 PMCID: PMC5458291 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that play important roles in basic cellular processes, including differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy. They are also involved in various stages of tumorigenesis and play key roles in bladder cancer initiation and progression. Notably, the altered expression of miRNAs in the tumors is reflected in body fluids, including blood and urine, which opens avenues for non-invasive diagnosis and prognosis. Many studies have demonstrated that epigenetic changes extensively alter tumoral microRNA expression. The high reproducibility, specificity and sensitivity of miRNA levels in body fluids suggest their potential use as biomarkers for cancer screening and diagnosis. For example, recent technological advances have made it possible to detect miRNAs in urine for bladder cancer screening. In this review, we focus mainly on the current knowledge and future challenges for incorporating miRNAs in body fluids, like urine and blood, for making clinical diagnoses and assessing prognoses in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Liu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuqi Wu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingjian Wu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenxing Yang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Longkun Li
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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