1
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ElGhazaly M, Collins MO, Ibler AEM, Humphreys D. Typhoid toxin hijacks Wnt5a to establish host senescence and Salmonella infection. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113181. [PMID: 37792529 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Damage to our genome causes acute senescence in mammalian cells, which undergo growth arrest and release a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that propagates the stress response to bystander cells. Thus, acute senescence is a powerful tumor suppressor. Salmonella enterica hijacks senescence through its typhoid toxin, which usurps unidentified factors in the stress secretome of senescent cells to mediate intracellular infections. Here, transcriptomics of toxin-induced senescent cells (TxSCs) and proteomics of their secretome identify the factors as Wnt5a, INHBA, and GDF15. Wnt5a establishes a positive feedback loop, driving INHBA and GDF15 expression. In fibroblasts, Wnt5a and INHBA mediate autocrine senescence in TxSCs and paracrine senescence in naive cells. Wnt5a synergizes with GDF15 to increase Salmonella invasion. Intestinal TxSCs undergo apoptosis without Wnt5a, which is required for establishing intestinal TxSCs. The study reveals how an innate defense against cancer is co-opted by a bacterial pathogen to cause widespread damage and mediate infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed ElGhazaly
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TN, UK
| | - Mark O Collins
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TN, UK
| | - Angela E M Ibler
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TN, UK
| | - Daniel Humphreys
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TN, UK.
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2
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Abdallah DM, Kamal MM, Aly NES, El-Abhar HS. Anandamide modulates WNT-5A/BCL-2, IP3/NFATc1, and HMGB1/NF-κB trajectories to protect against mercuric chloride-induced acute kidney injury. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11899. [PMID: 37488162 PMCID: PMC10366223 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38659-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) has a physiological role in regulating renal blood flow, whereas its analogs ameliorated renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Nonetheless, the role of AEA against mercuric chloride (HgCl2)-induced renal toxicity has not been unraveled. Rats were allocated into control, HgCl2, and HgCl2/AEA treated groups. The administration of AEA quelled the HgCl2-mediated increase in inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1). The endocannabinoid also signified its anti-inflammatory potential by turning off the inflammatory cascade evidenced by the suppression of high mobility group box protein-1 (HMGB1), receptor of glycated end products (RAGE), nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB), and unexpectedly PPAR-γ. Additionally, the aptitude of AEA to inhibit malondialdehyde and boost glutathione points to its antioxidant capacity. Moreover, AEA by enhancing the depleted renal WNT-5A and reducing cystatin-C and KIM-1 (two kidney function parameters) partly verified its anti-apoptotic capacity, confirmed by inhibiting caspase-3 and increasing B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2). The beneficial effect of AEA was mirrored by the improved architecture and kidney function evidenced by the reduction in cystatin-C, KIM-1, creatinine, BUN, and caspase1-induced activated IL-18. In conclusion, our results verify the reno-protective potential of AEA against HgCl2-induced kidney injury by its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic capacities by modulating WNT-5A/BCL-2, IP3/NFATC1, HMGB-1/RAGE/NF-κB, caspase-1/IL-18, and caspase-3/BCL-2 cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalaal M Abdallah
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud M Kamal
- Research Institute of Medical Entomology, General Organization for Teaching Hospitals and Institutes, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nour Eldin S Aly
- Research Institute of Medical Entomology, General Organization for Teaching Hospitals and Institutes, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan S El-Abhar
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt (FUE), Cairo, 11835, Egypt
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3
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Agrawal R, Natarajan KN. Oncogenic signaling pathways in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Adv Cancer Res 2023; 159:251-283. [PMID: 37268398 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common (∼90% cases) pancreatic neoplasm and one of the most lethal cancer among all malignances. PDAC harbor aberrant oncogenic signaling that may result from the multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations such as the mutation in driver genes (KRAS, CDKN2A, p53), genomic amplification of regulatory genes (MYC, IGF2BP2, ROIK3), deregulation of chromatin-modifying proteins (HDAC, WDR5) among others. A key event is the formation of Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PanIN) that often results from the activating mutation in KRAS. Mutated KRAS can direct a variety of signaling pathways and modulate downstream targets including MYC, which play an important role in cancer progression. In this review, we discuss recent literature shedding light on the origins of PDAC from the perspective of major oncogenic signaling pathways. We highlight how MYC directly and indirectly, with cooperation with KRAS, affect epigenetic reprogramming and metastasis. Additionally, we summarize the recent findings from single cell genomic approaches that highlight heterogeneity in PDAC and tumor microenvironment, and provide molecular avenues for PDAC treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Agrawal
- DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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4
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Flanagan DJ, Woodcock SA, Phillips C, Eagle C, Sansom OJ. Targeting ligand-dependent wnt pathway dysregulation in gastrointestinal cancers through porcupine inhibition. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 238:108179. [PMID: 35358569 PMCID: PMC9531712 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers are responsible for more cancer deaths than any other system of the body. This review summarises how Wnt pathway dysregulation contributes to the development of the most common gastrointestinal cancers, with a particular focus on the nature and frequency of upstream pathway aberrations. Tumors with upstream aberrations maintain a dependency on the presence of functional Wnt ligand, and are predicted to be tractable to inhibitors of Porcupine, an enzyme that plays a key role in Wnt secretion. We summarise available pre-clinical efficacy data from Porcupine inhibitors in vitro and in vivo, as well as potential toxicities and the data from early phase clinical trials. We appraise the rationale for biomarker-defined targeted approaches, as well as outlining future opportunities for combination with other therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin J Flanagan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK; Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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5
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Sankarasubramanian S, Pfohl U, Regenbrecht CRA, Reinhard C, Wedeken L. Context Matters-Why We Need to Change From a One Size Fits all Approach to Made-to-Measure Therapies for Individual Patients With Pancreatic Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:760705. [PMID: 34805167 PMCID: PMC8599957 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.760705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers and remains a major unsolved health problem. While pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with driver mutations in only four major genes (KRAS, TP53, SMAD4, and CDKN2A), every tumor differs in its molecular landscape, histology, and prognosis. It is crucial to understand and consider these differences to be able to tailor treatment regimens specific to the vulnerabilities of the individual tumor to enhance patient outcome. This review focuses on the heterogeneity of pancreatic tumor cells and how in addition to genetic alterations, the subsequent dysregulation of multiple signaling cascades at various levels, epigenetic and metabolic factors contribute to the oncogenesis of PDAC and compensate for each other in driving cancer progression if one is tackled by a therapeutic approach. This implicates that besides the need for new combinatorial therapies for PDAC, a personalized approach for treating this highly complex cancer is required. A strategy that combines both a target-based and phenotypic approach to identify an effective treatment, like Reverse Clinical Engineering® using patient-derived organoids, is discussed as a promising way forward in the field of personalized medicine to tackle this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulrike Pfohl
- CELLphenomics GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- ASC Oncology GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Bio Science, Goethe University Frankfurt Am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian R. A. Regenbrecht
- CELLphenomics GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- ASC Oncology GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Lena Wedeken
- CELLphenomics GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- ASC Oncology GmbH, Berlin, Germany
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6
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Rozengurt E, Eibl G. Crosstalk between KRAS, SRC and YAP Signaling in Pancreatic Cancer: Interactions Leading to Aggressive Disease and Drug Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5126. [PMID: 34680275 PMCID: PMC8533944 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the predominant form of pancreatic cancer, remains a devastating disease. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent literature on mechanistic and translational developments that advance our understanding of a complex crosstalk between KRAS, YAP and Src tyrosine kinase family (SFK) in PDAC development and maintenance. We discuss recent studies indicating the importance of RAS dimerization in signal transduction and new findings showing that the potent pro-oncogenic members of the SFK phosphorylate and inhibit RAS function. These surprising findings imply that RAS may not play a crucial role in maintaining certain subtypes of PDAC. In support of this interpretation, current evidence indicates that the survival of the basal-like subtype of PDAC is less dependent on RAS but relies, at least in part, on the activity of YAP/TAZ. Based on current evidence, we propose that SFK propels PDAC cells to a state of high metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and reduced dependence on KRAS signaling, salient features of the aggressive basal-like/squamous subtype of PDAC. Strategies for PDAC treatment should consider the opposite effects of tyrosine phosphorylation on KRAS and SFK/YAP in the design of drug combinations that target these novel crosstalk mechanisms and overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Rozengurt
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Guido Eibl
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
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7
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Parsons MJ, Tammela T, Dow LE. WNT as a Driver and Dependency in Cancer. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:2413-2429. [PMID: 34518209 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The WNT signaling pathway is a critical regulator of development and adult tissue homeostasis and becomes dysregulated in many cancer types. Although hyperactivation of WNT signaling is common, the type and frequency of genetic WNT pathway alterations can vary dramatically between different cancers, highlighting possible cancer-specific mechanisms for WNT-driven disease. In this review, we discuss how WNT pathway disruption contributes to tumorigenesis in different organs and how WNT affects the tumor cell and immune microenvironment. Finally, we describe recent and ongoing efforts to target oncogenic WNT signaling as a therapeutic strategy. SIGNIFICANCE: WNT signaling is a fundamental regulator of tissue homeostasis and oncogenic driver in many cancer types. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of WNT signaling in cancer, particularly the complexities of WNT activation in distinct cancer types, its role in immune evasion, and the challenge of targeting the WNT pathway as a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie J Parsons
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Tuomas Tammela
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lukas E Dow
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York. .,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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8
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Tan J, Liu W, Li J, Zhang X, Liu Y, Yuan Y, Song Z. Over-expressed RHEB promotes the progression of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Life Sci 2021; 277:119462. [PMID: 33831427 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is essential in the progression of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). But the role of Ras homolog enriched in brain (RHEB), a key activator of mTORC1, is unclear in this disease. This work aims to clarify the function of RHEB in PAAD. MATERIALS AND METHODS A pan-cancer analysis of RHEB was conducted by using data from several public available databases. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining on a tissue microarray was used to validate the expression of RHEB in PAAD. In vitro experiments were conducted to explore the function of RHEB in the disease. An integrated bioinformatics tools were used to understand the mechanism of RHEB and construct a RHEB-related prognostic signature. KEY FINDINGS RHEB was significantly overexpressed in PAAD and high expression of the gene was associated with poor prognosis. RHEB promoted proliferation, migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that RHEB participated in cell cycle progression and WNT signaling pathway. A RHEB-related prognostic signature was developed, and PAAD patients with high risk score had a significantly shorter overall survival. SIGNIFICANCE RHEB was up-regulated in PAAD and might be a useful therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tan
- Department of Pathology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Waner Liu
- Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Information Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pathology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zewen Song
- Department of Oncology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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9
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Wang S, Zheng Y, Yang F, Zhu L, Zhu XQ, Wang ZF, Wu XL, Zhou CH, Yan JY, Hu BY, Kong B, Fu DL, Bruns C, Zhao Y, Qin LX, Dong QZ. The molecular biology of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: translational challenges and clinical perspectives. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:249. [PMID: 34219130 PMCID: PMC8255319 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an increasingly common cause of cancer mortality with a tight correspondence between disease mortality and incidence. Furthermore, it is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage with a very dismal prognosis. Due to the high heterogeneity, metabolic reprogramming, and dense stromal environment associated with pancreatic cancer, patients benefit little from current conventional therapy. Recent insight into the biology and genetics of pancreatic cancer has supported its molecular classification, thus expanding clinical therapeutic options. In this review, we summarize how the biological features of pancreatic cancer and its metabolic reprogramming as well as the tumor microenvironment regulate its development and progression. We further discuss potential biomarkers for pancreatic cancer diagnosis, prediction, and surveillance based on novel liquid biopsies. We also outline recent advances in defining pancreatic cancer subtypes and subtype-specific therapeutic responses and current preclinical therapeutic models. Finally, we discuss prospects and challenges in the clinical development of pancreatic cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Zhu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhe-Fang Wang
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Xiao-Lin Wu
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Cheng-Hui Zhou
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jia-Yan Yan
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei-Yuan Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Kong
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - De-Liang Fu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Christiane Bruns
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yue Zhao
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Lun-Xiu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qiong-Zhu Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Key laboratory of whole-period monitoring and precise intervention of digestive cancer, Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (SMHC), Shanghai, China.
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10
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Isoorientin inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal properties and cancer stem-cell-like features in oral squamous cell carcinoma by blocking Wnt/β-catenin/STAT3 axis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 424:115581. [PMID: 34019859 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is among the most prevalent cancers of the head and neck. This study revealed that isoorientin attenuates OSCC cell stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition potential through the inhibition of JAK/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in cell lines. Our findings indicated that isoorientin is a potential inhibitor of β-catenin/STAT3 in vitro and in vivo. We analyzed possible synergism between isoorientin and cisplatin in OSCC. A sulforhodamine B assay, colony formation assay, tumorsphere-formation assay, and Wnt reporter activity assay were used for determining cell invasion, cell migration, drug cytotoxicity, and cell viability with potential molecular mechanisms in vitro. Isoorientin reduced the expression of p-STAT3, β-catenin, and p-GSK3 as well as downstream effectors TCF1/TCF7 and LEF1 and significantly reduced β-catenin colocalization in the nucleus. Isoorientin markedly strengthened the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin against SAS and SCC-25. Therefore, combining isoorientin and cisplatin treatments can potentially improve the anticancer effect of cisplatin. Isoorientin inhibited the tumorigenicity and growth of OSCC through the abrogation of Wnt/β-catenin/STAT3 signaling in vivo. Thus, isoorientin disrupted the β-catenin signaling pathway through the inactivation of STAT3 signaling. In conclusion, targeting OSCC-SC-mediated stemness with isoorientin to eradicate OSCC-SCs may be an effective strategy for preventing relapse and metastasis of OSCC and providing long-term survival benefits.
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Suthon S, Perkins RS, Bryja V, Miranda-Carboni GA, Krum SA. WNT5B in Physiology and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:667581. [PMID: 34017835 PMCID: PMC8129536 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.667581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
WNT5B, a member of the WNT family of proteins that is closely related to WNT5A, is required for cell migration, cell proliferation, or cell differentiation in many cell types. WNT5B signals through the non-canonical β-catenin-independent signaling pathway and often functions as an antagonist of canonical WNT signaling. Although WNT5B has a high amino acid identity with WNT5A and is often assumed to have similar activities, WNT5B often exhibits unique expression patterns and functions. Here, we describe the distinct effects and mechanisms of WNT5B on development, bone, adipose tissue, cardiac tissue, the nervous system, the mammary gland, the lung and hematopoietic cells, compared to WNT5A. We also highlight aberrances in non-canonical WNT5B signaling contributing to diseases such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, neuropathology, and chronic diseases associated with aging, as well as various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarocha Suthon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Rachel S Perkins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Vitezslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Gustavo A Miranda-Carboni
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Susan A Krum
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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12
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Gene Expression in Pancreatic Cancer-Like Cells and Induced Pancreatic Stem Cells Generated by Transient Overexpression of Reprogramming Factors. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10030454. [PMID: 33504014 PMCID: PMC7865593 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that transient overexpression of reprogramming factors can be used to generate induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, induced tissue-specific stem (iTS) cells, and fibroblast-like (iF) cells from pancreatic tissue. iF cells have tumorigenic ability and behave similarly to pancreatic cancer cells. In this study, we analyzed gene expression in iF cells and iTS-P cells (iTS cells from pancreatic tissue) via microarray analysis and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The expression levels of the Mybl2 and Lyn genes, which are reported to be oncogenes, were significantly higher in iF cells than in iTS-P cells. The expression level of Nestin, which is expressed in not only pancreatic progenitor cells but also pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, was also higher in iF cells than in iTS-P cells. Itgb6 and Fgf13, which are involved in the pathogenesis of diseases such as cancer, exhibited higher expression levels in iF cells than in iTS-P cells. Unexpectedly, the expression levels of genes related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), except Bmp4, were lower in iF cells than in iTS-P cells. These data suggest that the Mybl2, Lyn, Nestin, Itgb6, and Fgf13 genes could be important biomarkers to distinguish iTS-P cells from iF cells.
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13
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Yadav V, Jobe N, Mehdawi L, Andersson T. Targeting Oncogenic WNT Signalling with WNT Signalling-Derived Peptides. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 269:279-303. [PMID: 34455485 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
WNT signalling is known to be a crucial regulator of embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. Aberrant expression of WNT signalling elements or their mutations has been implicated in carcinogenesis and/or the progression of several different cancer types. Investigations of how WNT signalling affects carcinogenesis and cancer progression have revealed that it has essential roles in the regulation of proliferation, apoptosis, and cancer stemness and in angiogenesis and metastasis. Consequently, WNT-targeted therapy has gained much attention and has resulted in the development of several small molecules, the majority of which act as inhibitors of different WNT signalling events. However, although numerous inhibitory WNT signalling drug candidates have been included in clinical trials, no significant breakthroughs have been made. This could possibly be due to problems with inefficient binding to the target, compensatory signalling mechanisms and toxicity towards normal cells. Therapeutic peptides targeting WNT signalling in cancer cells have been developed as an alternative approach, with the hope that they might overcome the limitations reported for small WNT inhibitory molecules. In this chapter, we describe recent developments made in the design and characterization of WNT signalling-derived peptides aiming at their use as alternative cancer therapeutics and/or combined adjuvant therapy to conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Yadav
- Experimental Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Njainday Jobe
- Experimental Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lubna Mehdawi
- Experimental Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tommy Andersson
- Experimental Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
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14
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Chen Y, Chen Z, Tang Y, Xiao Q. The involvement of noncanonical Wnt signaling in cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:110946. [PMID: 33212376 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling is one of the key cascades regulating normal tissue development and has been tightly associated with cancer. The Wnt signaling can be subdivided into two categories: canonical & noncanonical. Noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways mainly include Wnt/PCP (planar cell polarity) signaling and Wnt-cGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate) /Ca2+ signaling. It has been well studied by previous researches that noncanonical Wnt signaling regulates multiple cell functions including proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, polarity, motility, and migration. The aberrant activation or inhibition of noncanonical Wnt signaling is crucial in cancer progression, exerting both oncogenic and tumor-suppressive effects. Recent studies show the involvement of noncanonical Wnt in regulating cancer cell invasion, metastasis, metabolism, and inflammation. Here, we review current insights into novel components of non-canonical signalings and describe their involvement in various cancer types. We also summarize recent biological and clinical discoveries that outline non-canonical Wnt signaling in tumorigenesis. Finally, we provide an overview of current strategies to target non-canonical Wnt signaling in cancer and challenges that are associated with such approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Yuhuan People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengxi Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People׳s Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Yin Tang
- Omni Family Health, Bakersfield, CA, United States
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
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15
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Yang C, Zhu S, Yang H, Fan P, Meng Z, Zhao J, Zhang K, Jin X. FBP1 binds to the bromodomain of BRD4 to inhibit pancreatic cancer progression. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:523-535. [PMID: 32195024 PMCID: PMC7061763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive tumour that is characteristically unresponsive to most chemotherapeutic regimens. Bromodomain and extra terminal domain (BET) inhibitors that specifically repress the function of BET family proteins, such as BRD4, are under evaluation in clinical trials for their activity in repressing cancer growth. However, resistance to BET inhibitors has hindered their further clinical application in pancreatic cancer. We previously reported that FBP1 contributes to the resistance to BET inhibitors, but the underlying mechanism of this resistance remains unclear. Herein, we demonstrate that FBP1 is a binding partner of BRD4 in pancreatic cancer cells. We reveal that FBP1 binds to the BD2 domain of BD4 in an acetylation-dependent manner. Moreover, we found that Tip60 and HDAC3 were key to the acetylation and de-acetylation of FBP1 at K110 and K113, which are critical for mediating FBP1-BRD4 binding in pancreatic cancer cells. Furthermore, our data indicate that FBP1 decreases the expression of genes downstream of BRD4 to inhibit pancreatic cancer cell progression. Our results, therefore, provide evidence of the novel anti-tumour effect of FBP1 via its blockade of BRD4 function in pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Yang
- Organ Transplantation Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Shikai Zhu
- Organ Transplantation Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongji Yang
- Organ Transplantation Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Fan
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Zibo Meng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022, Hubei, China
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16
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Frenquelli M, Caridi N, Antonini E, Storti F, Viganò V, Gaviraghi M, Occhionorelli M, Bianchessi S, Bongiovanni L, Spinelli A, Marcatti M, Belloni D, Ferrero E, Karki S, Brambilla P, Martinelli-Boneschi F, Colla S, Ponzoni M, DePinho RA, Tonon G. The WNT receptor ROR2 drives the interaction of multiple myeloma cells with the microenvironment through AKT activation. Leukemia 2020; 34:257-270. [PMID: 31148590 PMCID: PMC7617051 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0486-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is the second most frequent hematological cancer after lymphoma and remains an incurable disease. The pervasive support provided by the bone marrow microenvironment to myeloma cells is crucial for their survival. Here, an unbiased assessment of receptor tyrosine kinases overexpressed in myeloma identified ROR2, a receptor for the WNT noncanonical pathway, as highly expressed in myeloma cells. Its ligand, WNT5A is the most abundant growth factor in the bone marrow of myeloma patients. ROR2 mediates myeloma cells interactions with the surrounding bone marrow and its depletion resulted in detachment of myeloma cells from their niche in an in vivo model, triggering apoptosis and thus markedly delaying disease progression. Using in vitro and ex vivo 3D-culture systems, ROR2 was shown to exert a pivotal role in the adhesion of cancer cells to the microenvironment. Genomic studies revealed that the pathways mostly deregulated by ROR2 overexpression were PI3K/AKT and mTOR. Treatment of cells with specific PI3K inhibitors already used in the clinic reduced myeloma cell adhesion to the bone marrow. Together, our findings support the view that ROR2 and its downstream targets represent a novel therapeutic strategy for the large subgroup of MM patients whose cancer cells show ROR2 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Frenquelli
- Functional Genomics of Cancer Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - N Caridi
- Functional Genomics of Cancer Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - E Antonini
- Functional Genomics of Cancer Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Molecular Haematology Laboratory, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - F Storti
- Functional Genomics of Cancer Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - V Viganò
- Functional Genomics of Cancer Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - M Gaviraghi
- Functional Genomics of Cancer Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M Occhionorelli
- Functional Genomics of Cancer Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - S Bianchessi
- Laboratory of Lymphoid Organ Development, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - L Bongiovanni
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - A Spinelli
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M Marcatti
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - D Belloni
- Tumor Microenvironment, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - E Ferrero
- Tumor Microenvironment, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - S Karki
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P Brambilla
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, CNS Inflammatory Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - F Martinelli-Boneschi
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, CNS Inflammatory Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Milan Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurology and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Research Centre, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, MI, Italy
| | - S Colla
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M Ponzoni
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - R A DePinho
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - G Tonon
- Functional Genomics of Cancer Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
- Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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17
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Ram Makena M, Gatla H, Verlekar D, Sukhavasi S, K Pandey M, C Pramanik K. Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling: The Culprit in Pancreatic Carcinogenesis and Therapeutic Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4242. [PMID: 31480221 PMCID: PMC6747343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is responsible for 7.3% of all cancer deaths. Even though there is a steady increase in patient survival for most cancers over the decades, the patient survival rate for pancreatic cancer remains low with current therapeutic strategies. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway controls the maintenance of somatic stem cells in many tissues and organs and is implicated in pancreatic carcinogenesis by regulating cell cycle progression, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, stemness, tumor immune microenvironment, etc. Further, dysregulated Wnt has been shown to cause drug resistance in pancreatic cancer. Although different Wnt antagonists are effective in pancreatic patients, limitations remain that must be overcome to increase the survival benefits associated with this emerging therapy. In this review, we have summarized the role of Wnt signaling in pancreatic cancer and suggested future directions to enhance the survival of pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monish Ram Makena
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Himavanth Gatla
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Dattesh Verlekar
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Sahithi Sukhavasi
- Center for Distance Learning, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam 530045, India
| | - Manoj K Pandey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Kartick C Pramanik
- Department of Basic Sciences, Kentucky College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of Pikeville, Pikeville, KY 41501, USA.
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18
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Kim JY, Cha MJ, Park YS, Kang J, Choi JJ, In SM, Kim DK. Upregulation of FZD5 in Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps by Epigenetic Modification. Mol Cells 2019; 42:345-355. [PMID: 31082802 PMCID: PMC6530644 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.2418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is one of the most challenging problems in clinical rhinology. FZD5 is a receptor for Wnt5A, and its complex with Wnt5A contributes to activating inflammation and tissue modification. Nasal polyps and eosinophil/non-eosinophil counts are reported to be directly correlated. This study investigated the expression and distribution of FZD5, and the role of eosinophil infiltration and FZD5 in eosinophilic CRSwNP pathogenesis. The prognostic role of eosinophil levels was evaluated in seven patients with CRSwNP. Fifteen patients with CRS were classified based on the percentage of eosinophils in nasal polyp tissue. Methylated genes were detected using methyl-CpG-binding domain sequencing, and qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to detect FZD5 expression in nasal polyp tissue samples. The results showed that mRNA expression of FZD5 was upregulated in nasal polyps. FZD5 expression was significantly higher in nasal polyp samples from patients with eosinophilic CRSwNP than in those from patients with non-eosinophilic CRSwNP, as indicated by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, inflammatory cytokine levels were higher in eosinophilic CRSwNP-derived epithelial cells than in normal tissues. In conclusion, FZD5 expression in nasal mucosal epithelial cells is correlated with inflammatory cells and might play a role in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Yeup Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365,
Korea
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365,
Korea
| | - Min-Ji Cha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365,
Korea
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365,
Korea
| | - Young-Seon Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365,
Korea
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365,
Korea
| | - Jaeku Kang
- Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365,
Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365,
Korea
| | - Jong-Joong Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365,
Korea
| | - Seung Min In
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365,
Korea
| | - Dong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24253,
Korea
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24253,
Korea
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19
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The Role of Abnormal Methylation of Wnt5a Gene Promoter Regions in Human Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Clinical and Experimental Study. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2018; 2018:6567081. [PMID: 30079293 PMCID: PMC6069701 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6567081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In the current study, the role of abnormal methylation of Wnt5a gene promoter regions in human epithelial ovarian cancer was investigated. Methods Wnt5a expressions were examined by immunohistochemistry in epithelial ovarian tissues (30 normal and 79 human EOC tissues). SKOV3 cells were treated with different concentrations of 5-Aza-CdR (0.5, 5, and 50 μmol/L). The methylation status of the Wnt5a promoter was analyzed using a methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP), and the expression level of Wnt5a mRNA was detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay, and apoptosis was analyzed using flow cytometry. Results (1) Compared with normal tissues, Wnt5a expressions were reduced or lost in EOC (P < 0.05). Wnt5a expression had a close relationship with histological grade, FIGO stage, and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.005, P = 0.022, and P = 0.037, resp.). (2) Wnt5a abnormal methylation status existed in ovarian cancer tissues and was higher than that of normal ovarian tissue (P < 0.01). (3) Before treatment with 5-Aza-CdR, the promoter of the Wnt5a gene was methylated in SKOV3 cells; accordingly, Wnt5a mRNA levels were low to absent in SKOV3 cells. (4) Following 5-Aza-CdR treatment, MSP analysis revealed complete demethylation of the Wnt5a promoter in the SKOV3 cell line, particularly at 5 μmol/L 5-Aza-CdR. Wnt5a expression increased in SKOV3 cells following treatment with a demethylating agent (P ≤ 0.001). (5) The growth rate of the cells was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by treatment with 5-Aza-CdR. (6) The cell apoptosis rate increased gradually after treatment with 0.5, 5, and 50 μmol/L 5-Aza-CdR. The apoptosis rate exists in a dose-dependent relationship with 5-Aza-CdR concentration (F = 779.73, P < 0.01). Conclusions Wnt5a gene region promoter aberrant methylation existed in epithelial ovarian cancer, and abnormal methylation of Wnt5a gene promoter regions may be a new target for the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer.
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20
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Wei ZZ, Zhang JY, Taylor TM, Gu X, Zhao Y, Wei L. Neuroprotective and regenerative roles of intranasal Wnt-3a administration after focal ischemic stroke in mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:404-421. [PMID: 28430000 PMCID: PMC5851145 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17702669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Wnt signaling is a conserved pathway involved in expansion of neural progenitors and lineage specification during development. However, the role of Wnt signaling in the post-stroke brain has not been well-elucidated. We hypothesized that Wnt-3a would play an important role for neurogenesis and brain repair. Adult male mice were subjected to a focal ischemic stroke targeting the sensorimotor cortex. Mice that received Wnt-3a (2 µg/kg/day, 1 h after stroke and once a day for the next 2 days, intranasal delivery) had reduced infarct volume compared to stroke controls. Wnt-3a intranasal treatment of seven days upregulated the expression of brain-derived growth factor (BDNF), increased the proliferation and migration of neuroblasts from the subventricular zone (SVZ), resulting in increased numbers of newly formed neurons and endothelial cells in the peri-infarct zone. Both the molecular and cellular effects of Wnt-3a were blocked by the Wnt specific inhibitors XAV-939 or Dkk-1. In functional assays, Wnt-3a treatment enhanced the local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) in the peri-infarct, as well as improved sensorimotor functions in a battery of behavioral tests. Together, our data demonstrates that the Wnt-3a signaling can act as a dual neuroprotective and regenerative factor for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zachory Wei
- Laboratories of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Experimental Research Center and Neurological Disease Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - James Ya Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tammi M Taylor
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xiaohuan Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yingying Zhao
- Laboratories of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Experimental Research Center and Neurological Disease Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Wei
- Laboratories of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Experimental Research Center and Neurological Disease Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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21
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Grenier JK, Foureman PA, Sloma EA, Miller AD. RNA-seq transcriptome analysis of formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded canine meningioma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187150. [PMID: 29073243 PMCID: PMC5658167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas are the most commonly reported primary intracranial tumor in dogs and humans and between the two species there are similarities in histology and biologic behavior. Due to these similarities, dogs have been proposed as models for meningioma pathobiology. However, little is known about specific pathways and individual genes that are involved in the development and progression of canine meningioma. In addition, studies are lacking that utilize RNAseq to characterize gene expression in clinical cases of canine meningioma. The primary objective of this study was to develop a technique for which high quality RNA can be extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissue and then used for transcriptome analysis to determine patterns of gene expression. RNA was extracted from thirteen canine meningiomas-eleven from formalin fixed and two flash-frozen. These represented six grade I and seven grade II meningiomas based on the World Health Organization classification system for human meningioma. RNA was also extracted from fresh frozen leptomeninges from three control dogs for comparison. RNAseq libraries made from formalin fixed tissue were of sufficient quality to successfully identify 125 significantly differentially expressed genes, the majority of which were related to oncogenic processes. Twelve genes (AQP1, BMPER, FBLN2, FRZB, MEDAG, MYC, PAMR1, PDGFRL, PDPN, PECAM1, PERP, ZC2HC1C) were validated using qPCR. Among the differentially expressed genes were oncogenes, tumor suppressors, transcription factors, VEGF-related genes, and members of the WNT pathway. Our work demonstrates that RNA of sufficient quality can be extracted from FFPE canine meningioma samples to provide biologically relevant transcriptome analyses using a next-generation sequencing technique, such as RNA-seq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K. Grenier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Polly A. Foureman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Division of Biological Sciences, Chandler-Gilbert Community College, Chandler, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Erica A. Sloma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Andrew D. Miller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
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Wnt5a Increases Properties of Lung Cancer Stem Cells and Resistance to Cisplatin through Activation of Wnt5a/PKC Signaling Pathway. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:1690896. [PMID: 27895670 PMCID: PMC5118537 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1690896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of chemoresistance to cisplatin regimens causes a poor prognosis in patients with advanced NSCLC. The role of noncanonical Wnt signaling in the regulation of properties of lung cancer stem cells and chemoresistance was interrogated, by accessing capacities of cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and clonogenicity as well as the apoptosis in A549 cell lines and cisplatin-resistant A549 cells treated with Wnt5a conditional medium or protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor GF109203X. Results showed that the noncanonical Wnt signaling ligand, Wnt5a, could promote the proliferation, migration, invasion, and colony formation in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells and cisplatin-resistant A549/DDP cells and increase the fraction of ALDH-positive cell in A549/DDP cells. An exposure of cells to Wnt5a led to a significant reduction of A549/DDP cell apoptosis but not A549 cells. An addition of GF109203X could both strikingly increase the baseline apoptosis and resensitize the Wnt5a-inhibited cell apoptosis. Interestingly, an inhibition of Wnt/PKC signaling pathway could reduce properties of lung cancer stem cells, promote cell apoptosis, and resensitize cisplatin-resistant cells to cisplatin via a caspase/AIF-dependent pathway. These data thus suggested that the Wnt5a could promote lung cancer cell mobility and cisplatin-resistance through a Wnt/PKC signaling pathway and a blockage of this signaling may be an alternative therapeutic strategy for NSCLC patients with resistance to chemotherapies.
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23
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Wnt Signaling in Cell Motility and Invasion: Drawing Parallels between Development and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:cancers8090080. [PMID: 27589803 PMCID: PMC5040982 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8090080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of canonical and non-canonical Wnt signal transduction cascades in embryonic development and tissue homeostasis is well recognized. The aberrant activation of these pathways in the adult leads to abnormal cellular behaviors, and tumor progression is frequently a consequence. Here we discuss recent findings and analogies between Wnt signaling in developmental processes and tumor progression, with a particular focus on cell motility and matrix invasion and highlight the roles of the ARF (ADP-Ribosylation Factor) and Rho-family small GTP-binding proteins. Wnt-regulated signal transduction from cell surface receptors, signaling endosomes and/or extracellular vesicles has the potential to profoundly influence cell movement, matrix degradation and paracrine signaling in both development and disease.
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Wnt5a Signaling in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:cancers8090079. [PMID: 27571105 PMCID: PMC5040981 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8090079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt5a is involved in activating several non-canonical WNT signaling pathways, through binding to different members of the Frizzled- and Ror-family receptors. Wnt5a signaling is critical for regulating normal developmental processes, including proliferation, differentiation, migration, adhesion and polarity. However, the aberrant activation or inhibition of Wnt5a signaling is emerging as an important event in cancer progression, exerting both oncogenic and tumor suppressive effects. Recent studies show the involvement of Wnt5a in regulating cancer cell invasion, metastasis, metabolism and inflammation. In this article, we review findings regarding the molecular mechanisms and roles of Wnt5a signaling in various cancer types, and highlight Wnt5a in ovarian cancer.
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