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Sox10 Gene Is Required for the Survival of Saccular and Utricular Hair Cells in a Porcine Model. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3323-3335. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02691-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zardadi S, Rayat S, Hassani Doabsari M, Keramatipour M, Morovvati S. Waardenburg syndrome type 2A in a large Iranian family with a novel MITF gene mutation. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:230. [PMID: 34544414 PMCID: PMC8451132 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-01074-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The characteristics of Waardenburg syndrome (WS) as a scarce heritable disorder are sensorineural hearing loss and deficits of pigmentation in the skin, hair, and eye. Here, clinical features and detection of the mutation in the MITF gene of WS2 patients are reported in a sizable Iranian family. METHODS A man aged 28-years represented with symptoms of mild unilateral hearing loss (right ear), complete heterochromia iridis, premature graying prior to 30 years of age, and synophrys. In this research, there was a sizable family in Iran comprising three generations with seven WS patients and two healthy members. Whole exome sequencing was applied for proband for the identification of the candidate genetic mutations associated with the disease. The detected mutation in proband and investigated family members was validated by PCR-Sanger sequencing. RESULTS A novel heterozygous mutation, NM_198159.3:c.1026dup p.(Asn343Glufs*27), in exon 9 of the MITF gene co-segregated with WS2 in the affected family members. The variant was forecasted as a disease-causing variant by the Mutation Taster. According to the UniProt database, this variant has been located in basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain of the protein with critical role in DNA binding. CONCLUSIONS A frameshift was caused by a nucleotide insertion, c.1026dup, in exon 9 of the MITF gene. This mutation is able to induce an early termination, resulting in forming a truncated protein capable of affecting the normal function of the MITF protein. Helpful information is provided through an exactly described mutations involved in WS to clarify the molecular cause of clinical characteristics of WS and have a contribution to better genetic counseling of WS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safoura Zardadi
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Rayat
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Keramatipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Morovvati
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Waardenburg syndrome type II in a Chinese pedigree caused by frameshift mutation in the SOX10 gene. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227397. [PMID: 33345266 PMCID: PMC8217986 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20193375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a congenital hereditary disease, attributed to the most common symptoms of sensorineural deafness and iris hypopigmentation. It is also known as the hearing-pigmentation deficient syndrome. Mutations on SOXl0 gene often lead to congenital deafness and has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of WS. We investigated one family of five members, with four patients exhibiting the classic form of WS2, whose DNA samples were analyzed by the technique of Whole-exome sequencing (WES). From analysis of WES data, we found that both the mother and all three children in the family have a heterozygous mutation on the Sex Determining Region Y - Box 10 (SOX10) gene. The mutation was c.298_300delinsGG in exon 2 of SOX10 (NM_006941), which leads to a frameshift of nine nucleotides, hence the amino acids (p. S100Rfs*9) are altered and the protein translation may be terminated prematurely. Further flow cytometry confirmed significant down-regulation of SOX10 protein, which indicated the SOX10 gene mutation was responsible for the pathogenesis of WS2 patients. In addition, we speculated that some other mutated genes might be related to disease phenotype in this family, which might also participate in promoting the progression of WS2.
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DNA-based eyelid trait prediction in Chinese Han population. Int J Legal Med 2021; 135:1743-1752. [PMID: 33969445 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-021-02570-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The eyelid folding represents one of the most distinguishing features of East Asian faces, involving the absence or presence of the eyelid crease, i.e., single vs. double eyelid. Recently, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified two SNPs (rs12570134 and rs1415425) showing genome-wide significant association with the double eyelid phenotype in Japanese. Here we report a confirmatory study in 697 Chinese individuals of exclusively Han origin. Only rs1415425 was statistically significant (P-value = 0.011), and the allele effect was on the same direction with that reported in Japanese. This SNP combined with gender and age explained 10.0% of the total variation in eyelid folding. DNA-based prediction model for the eyelid trait was developed and evaluated using logistic regression. The model showed mild to moderate predictive capacity (AUC = 0.69, sensitivity = 63%, and specificity = 70%). We further selected six additional SNPs by massive parallel sequencing of 19 candidate genes in 24 samples, and one SNP rs2761882 was statistically significant (P-value = 0.027). All predictors including these two SNPs (rs1415425 and rs2761882), gender, and age explained 11.2% of the total variation. The combined prediction model obtained an improved predictive capacity (AUC = 0.72, sensitivity = 62%, and specificity = 66%). Our study thus provided a confirmation of previous GWAS findings and a DNA-based prediction of the eyelid trait in Chinese Han individuals. This model may add value to forensic DNA phenotyping applications considering gender and age can be separately inferred from genetic and epigenetic markers. To further improve the prediction accuracy, future studies should focus on identifying more informative SNPs by large GWASs in East Asian populations.
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Zardadi S, Rayat S, Doabsari MH, Alishiri A, Keramatipour M, Shahri ZJ, Morovvati S. Four mutations in MITF, SOX10 and PAX3 genes were identified as genetic causes of waardenburg syndrome in four unrelated Iranian patients: case report. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:70. [PMID: 33557787 PMCID: PMC7869501 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02521-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disorder. The purpose of this study was to investigate clinical and molecular characteristics of WS in four probands from four different Iranian families. Case presentation The first patient was a 1-year-old symptomatic boy with congenital hearing loss and heterochromia iridis with a blue segment in his left iris. The second case was a 1.5-year-old symptomatic girl who manifested congenital profound hearing loss, brilliant blue eyes, and skin hypopigmentation on the abdominal region at birth time. The third patient was an 8-month-old symptomatic boy with developmental delay, mild atrophy, hypotonia, brilliant blue eyes, skin hypopigmentation on her hand and foot, Hirschsprung disease, and congenital profound hearing loss; the fourth patient was a 4-year-old symptomatic boy who showed dystopia canthorum, broad nasal root, synophrys, skin hypopigmentation on her hand and abdomen, brilliant blue eyes, and congenital profound hearing loss. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was used for each proband to identify the underlying genetic factor. Sanger sequencing was performed for validation of the identified mutations in probands and the available family members. A novel heterozygous frameshift mutation, c.996delT (p.K334Sfs*15), on exon 8 of the MITF gene was identified in the patient of the first family diagnosed with WS2A. Two novel de novo heterozygous mutations including a missense mutation, c.950G > A (p.R317K), on exon 8 of the MITF gene, and a frameshift mutation, c.684delC (p.E229Sfs*57), on the exon 3 of the SOX10 gene were detected in patients of the second and third families with WS2A and PCWH (Peripheral demyelinating neuropathy, Central dysmyelinating leukodystrophy, Waardenburg syndrome, Hirschsprung disease), respectively. A previously reported heterozygous frameshift mutation, c.1024_1040del AGCACGATTCCTTCCAA, (p.S342Pfs*62), on exon 7 of the PAX3 gene was identified in the patient of the fourth family with WS1. Conclusions An exact description of the mutations responsible for WS provides useful information to explain the molecular cause of clinical features of WS and contributes to better genetic counseling of WS patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safoura Zardadi
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Rayat
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Aliagha Alishiri
- Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Hormozgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Keramatipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeynab Javanfekr Shahri
- School of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Islamic Azad University-Tehran Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Morovvati
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Yang S, Wang C, Zhou C, Kang D, Zhang X, Yuan H. A follow-up study of a Chinese family with Waardenburg syndrome type II caused by a truncating mutation of MITF gene. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1520. [PMID: 33045145 PMCID: PMC7767564 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a highly clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease. The core disease phenotypes of WS are sensorineuronal hearing loss and pigmentary disturbance, which are usually caused by the absence of neural crest cell‐derived melanocytes. At present, four subtypes of WS have been defined, which are caused by seven genes. Waardenburg syndrome type 2 (WS2) is one of the most common forms. Two genes, MITF and SOX10, have been found to be responsible for majority of WS2. Methods In this study, we performed a clinical longitudinal follow‐up and mutation screening for a Chinese family with Waardenburg syndrome type II. Results A diversity of clinical manifestations was observed in this WS2 family. In addition to the congenital hearing loss of most affected family members, progressive hearing loss was also found in some WS2 patients. A nonsense mutation of c.328C>T (p.R110X) in MITF was identified in all affected family members. This mutation results in a truncated MITF protein, which is considered to be a disease‐causing mutation. Conclusion These findings offer a better understanding of the spectrum of MITF mutations and highlight the necessity of continuous hearing assessment in WS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhi Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The 4th Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic DiseaseChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Cuicui Wang
- Center for Medical GeneticsSouthwest HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Chengyong Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, The 4th Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic DiseaseChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - DongYang Kang
- Institute Of OtolaryngologyChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute Of OtolaryngologyChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Huijun Yuan
- Center for Medical GeneticsSouthwest HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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Liu Q, Cheng J, Lu Y, Zhou J, Wang L, Yang C, Yang G, Yang H, Cao J, Zhang Z, Sun Y. The clinical and genetic research of Waardenburg syndrome type I and II in Chinese families. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 130:109806. [PMID: 31812001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.109806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Waardenburg Syndrome (WS) is a neurocristopathy with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance and highly genetic heterogeneity. To date, mutations of PAX3, SOX10, MITF, EDNRB, EDN3 and SNAI2 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of WS. In this study, we aimed to identify pathogenic genes among WS families and to analyze the pathogenic relationship between genotypes and phenotypes. METHODS In this study, all six families studied were from Hubei province, China.WS patients underwent screening for all deafness genes including PAX3, SOX10, MITF, EDNRB, EDN3 and SNAI2 using Massively Parallel Sequencing (MPS) and validation of mutations using Sanger sequencing. RESULTS Clinical evaluation revealed prominent phenotypic variability in Hubei WS patients. Two WS1 families and four WS2 families were diagnosed in six families. Sensorineural hearing loss was the most common, followed by iris pigmentary abnormality. Molecular genetic analysis of the WS genes for six families revealed five novel heterozygous mutations. Two mutations occurred in the PAX3 gene: one nonsense mutation c.667C > T(p.Arg223Ter) and one missense mutation c.220C > T(p.Arg74Cys).One missense mutation c.331T > C (p.Phe111Leu) and one nonsense mutation c.346C > T(p.Gln116Ter) were detected in the SOX10 gene. Two mutations were detected in the MITF gene: one splice site mutation c.859-1G > A and one nonsense mutation c.859G > T(p.Glu287Ter). Among them, the mutations (SOX10 c.331T > C and MITF c.859G > T) were de novo mutations. CONCLUSION In this study, six mutations were found to be associated with the phenotype of patients. Our data helped illuminate the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of WS in Hubei province and could have implications for the genetic counseling of WS in Hubei province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Medical Genetics Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Medical Genetics Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Changliang Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Jingyuan Cao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, 430000, China; Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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Barashkov NA, Romanov GP, Borisova UP, Solovyev AV, Pshennikova VG, Teryutin FM, Bondar AA, Morozov IV, Khusnutdinova EK, Posukh OL, Burtseva TE, Odland JØ, Fedorova SA. A rare case of Waardenburg syndrome with unilateral hearing loss caused by nonsense variant c.772C>T (p.Arg259*) in the MITF gene in Yakut patient from the Eastern Siberia (Sakha Republic, Russia). Int J Circumpolar Health 2020; 78:1630219. [PMID: 31213145 PMCID: PMC6586136 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2019.1630219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is an orphan genetic disease with autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance characterised by varying degrees of hearing loss accompanied by skin, hair and iris pigmentation abnormalities. Four types of WS differing in phenotypic characteristics are now described. We performed a Sanger sequencing of coding regions of genes PAX3, MITF, SOX10 and SNAI2 in the patient with WS from a Yakut family living in the Sakha Republic. No changes were found in the PAX3, SOX10 and SNAI2 coding regions while a previously reported heterozygous transition c.772C>T (p.Arg259*) in exon 8 of the MITF gene was found in this patient. This patient presents rare phenotype of WS type 2: congenital unilateral hearing loss, unilateral heterochromia of irises, and absence of skin/hair depigmentation and dystopia canthorum. Audiological variability in WS type 2, caused by the c.772C>T (p.Arg259*) variant in the MITF gene, outlines the importance of molecular analysis and careful genotype-phenotype comparisons in order to optimally inform patients about the risk of hearing loss. The results of this study confirm the association of pathogenic variants in the MITF gene with WS type 2 and expanded data on the variability of audiological features of the WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay A Barashkov
- a Laboratory of Molecular Genetics , Yakut Science Centre of Complex Medical Problems , Yakutsk , Russia.,b Laboratory of Molecular Biology , M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University , Yakutsk , Russia
| | - Georgii P Romanov
- a Laboratory of Molecular Genetics , Yakut Science Centre of Complex Medical Problems , Yakutsk , Russia.,b Laboratory of Molecular Biology , M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University , Yakutsk , Russia
| | - Uigulaana P Borisova
- b Laboratory of Molecular Biology , M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University , Yakutsk , Russia
| | - Aisen V Solovyev
- a Laboratory of Molecular Genetics , Yakut Science Centre of Complex Medical Problems , Yakutsk , Russia.,b Laboratory of Molecular Biology , M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University , Yakutsk , Russia
| | - Vera G Pshennikova
- a Laboratory of Molecular Genetics , Yakut Science Centre of Complex Medical Problems , Yakutsk , Russia.,b Laboratory of Molecular Biology , M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University , Yakutsk , Russia
| | - Fedor M Teryutin
- a Laboratory of Molecular Genetics , Yakut Science Centre of Complex Medical Problems , Yakutsk , Russia.,c Department of Professional Pathology , Republican Hospital №2 - Center for Emergency Medical Aid , Yakutsk , Russia
| | - Alexander A Bondar
- d Genomics Core Facility, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine , Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Igor V Morozov
- d Genomics Core Facility, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine , Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Novosibirsk , Russia.,e Novosibirsk State University , Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Elza K Khusnutdinova
- f Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics , Ufa , Russia.,g Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine , Bashkir State University , Ufa , Russia
| | - Olga L Posukh
- e Novosibirsk State University , Novosibirsk , Russia.,h Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics , Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Tatiana E Burtseva
- i Department of Pediatrics and Child Surgery , M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University , Yakutsk , Russia.,j Laboratory of monitoring the children health and medico-environmental research , Yakut Science Centre of Complex Medical Problems , Yakutsk , Russia
| | - Jon Øyvind Odland
- k Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty on Medicine and Health Sciences , NTNU The Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Sardana A Fedorova
- a Laboratory of Molecular Genetics , Yakut Science Centre of Complex Medical Problems , Yakutsk , Russia.,b Laboratory of Molecular Biology , M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University , Yakutsk , Russia
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Shaw SC, Neema S, Devgan A, Maggon R. Waardenburg syndrome type 2. Med J Armed Forces India 2017; 74:380-382. [PMID: 30449927 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Chandra Shaw
- Assistant Professor, Dept of Pediatrics, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 40, India
| | - Shekhar Neema
- Graded Specialist (Dermatology), Command Hospital (Eastern Command), Kolkata 700027, India
| | - Amit Devgan
- Senior Advisor & Head (Pediatrics), Command Hospital (Eastern Command), Kolkata 700027, India
| | - Rakesh Maggon
- Senior Advisor & Head (Ophthalmology), Command Hospital (Eastern Command), Kolkata 700027, India
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