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Bell R, Vendruscolo M. Modulation of the Interactions Between α-Synuclein and Lipid Membranes by Post-translational Modifications. Front Neurol 2021; 12:661117. [PMID: 34335440 PMCID: PMC8319954 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.661117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is characterised by the presence in brain tissue of aberrant inclusions known as Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, which are deposits composed by α-synuclein and a variety of other cellular components, including in particular lipid membranes. The dysregulation of the balance between lipid homeostasis and α-synuclein homeostasis is therefore likely to be closely involved in the onset and progression of Parkinson's disease and related synucleinopathies. As our understanding of this balance is increasing, we describe recent advances in the characterisation of the role of post-translational modifications in modulating the interactions of α-synuclein with lipid membranes. We then discuss the impact of these advances on the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools for synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Centre for Misfolding Disease, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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2
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Derkinderen P, Rolli-Derkinderen M, Chapelet G, Neunlist M, Noble W. Tau in the gut, does it really matter? J Neurochem 2021; 158:94-104. [PMID: 33569813 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The enteric nervous system plays a critical role in the regulation of gastrointestinal tract functions and is often referred to as the 'second brain' because it shares many features with the central nervous system. These similarities include among others a large panel of neurotransmitters, a large population of glial cells and a susceptibility to neurodegeneration. This close homology between the central and enteric nervous systems suggests that a disease process affecting the central nervous system could also involve its enteric counterpart. This was already documented in Parkinson's disease, the most common synucleinopathy, in which alpha-synuclein deposits are reported in the enteric nervous system in the vast majority of patients. Tau is another key protein involved in neurodegenerative disorders of the brain. Whether changes in tau also occur in the enteric nervous system during gut or brain disorders has just begun to be explored. The scope of the present article is therefore to review existing studies on the expression and phosphorylation pattern of tau in the enteric nervous system under physiological and pathological conditions and to discuss the possible occurrence of 'enteric tauopathies'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Derkinderen
- Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Department of Neurology, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Malvyne Rolli-Derkinderen
- Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Guillaume Chapelet
- Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Clinical Gerontology Department, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Michel Neunlist
- Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Wendy Noble
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, UK
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3
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Hepatitis B Core Protein Is Post-Translationally Modified through K29-Linked Ubiquitination. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122547. [PMID: 33256078 PMCID: PMC7760836 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) core protein (HBc) plays many roles in the HBV life cycle, such as regulation of transcription, RNA encapsidation, reverse transcription, and viral release. To accomplish these functions, HBc interacts with many host proteins and undergoes different post-translational modifications (PTMs). One of the most common PTMs is ubiquitination, which was shown to change the function, stability, and intracellular localization of different viral proteins, but the role of HBc ubiquitination in the HBV life cycle remains unknown. Here, we found that HBc protein is post-translationally modified through K29-linked ubiquitination. We performed a series of co-immunoprecipitation experiments with wild-type HBc, lysine to arginine HBc mutants and wild-type ubiquitin, single lysine to arginine ubiquitin mutants, or single ubiquitin-accepting lysine constructs. We observed that HBc protein could be modified by ubiquitination in transfected as well as infected hepatoma cells. In addition, ubiquitination predominantly occurred on HBc lysine 7 and the preferred ubiquitin chain linkage was through ubiquitin-K29. Mass spectrometry (MS) analyses detected ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component N-recognin 5 (UBR5) as a potential E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in K29-linked ubiquitination. These findings emphasize that ubiquitination of HBc may play an important role in HBV life cycle.
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4
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Liu W, Tang H, Abuzeid AMI, Tan L, Wang A, Wan X, Zhang H, Liu Y, Li G. Protein phosphorylation networks in spargana of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei revealed by phosphoproteomic analysis. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:248. [PMID: 32404185 PMCID: PMC7218563 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04119-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sparganosis caused by Spirometra erinaceieuropaei spargana is a zoonotic parasitic infection that has been reported in many countries, including China, Japan, Thailand and Korea, as well as European countries and the USA. The biological and clinical significance of the parasite have previously been reported. Although the genomic and transcriptomic analysis of S. erinaceieuropaei provided insightful views about the development and pathogenesis of this species, little knowledge has been acquired in terms of post-translational regulation that is essential for parasite growth, development and reproduction. Here, we performed site-specific phosphoproteomic profiling, with an aim to obtain primary information about the global phosphorylation status of spargana. Results A total of 3228 phosphopeptides and 3461 phosphorylation sites were identified in 1758 spargana proteins. The annotated phosphoproteins were involved in a variety of biological pathways, including cellular (28%), metabolic (20%) and single-organism (17%) processes. The functional enrichment of phosphopeptides by Gene Ontology analysis indicated that most spargana phosphoproteins were related to the cytoskeleton cellular compartment, signaling molecular function, and a variety of biological processes, including a molecular function regulator, guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity, protein kinase activities, and calcium ion binding. The highly enriched pathways of phosphorylation proteins include the phosphatidylinositol signaling system, phagosome, endocytosis, inositol phosphate metabolism, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, and peroxisome. Domain analysis identified an EF-hand domain and pleckstrin homology domain among the key domains. Conclusions To our knowledge, this study performed the first global phosphoproteomic analysis of S. erinaceieuropaei. The dataset reported herein provides a valuable resource for future studies on the signaling pathways of this important zoonotic parasite.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Zoonosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine & Protein Engineering, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Asmaa M I Abuzeid
- Guangdong Provincial Zoonosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Tan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine & Protein Engineering, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Aibing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine & Protein Engineering, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueping Wan
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Haoji Zhang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yisong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| | - Guoqing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Zoonosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Unterköfler MS, McGorum BC, Milne EM, Licka TF. Establishment of a model for equine small intestinal disease: effects of extracorporeal blood perfusion of equine ileum on metabolic variables and histological morphology - an experimental ex vivo study. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:400. [PMID: 31703590 PMCID: PMC6839147 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In horses a number of small intestinal diseases is potentially life threatening. Among them are Equine Grass Sickness (EGS), which is characterised by enteric neurodegeneration of unknown aetiology, as well as reperfusion injury of ischaemic intestine (I/R), and post-operative ileus (POI), common after colic surgery. The perfusion of isolated organs is successfully used to minimize animal testing for the study of pathophysiology in other scenarios. However, extracorporeal perfusion of equine ileum sourced from horses slaughtered for meat production has not yet been described. Therefore the present study evaluated the potential of such a model for the investigation of small intestinal diseases in an ex vivo and cost-efficient system avoiding experiments in live animals. RESULT Nine ileum specimens were sourced from horses aged 1-10 years after routine slaughter at a commercial abattoir. Ileum perfusion with oxygenated autologous blood and plasma was successfully performed for 4 h in a warm isotonic bath (37.0-37.5 °C). Ileum specimens had good motility and overall pink to red mucosa throughout the experiment; blood parameters indicated good tissue vitality: 82 ± 34 mmHg mean arterial partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) compared to 50 ± 17 mmHg mean venous pO2, 48 ± 10 mmHg mean arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) compared to 66 ± 7 mmHg venous pCO2 and 9.8 ± 2.8 mmol/L mean arterial lactate compared to 11.6 ± 2.7 mmol/L venous lactate. There was a mild increase in ileum mass reaching 105 ± 7.5% of the pre-perfusion mass after 4 hours. Histology of haematoxylin and eosin stained biopsy samples taken at the end of perfusion showed on average 99% (±1%) histologically normal neurons in the submucosal plexus and 76.1% (±23.9%) histologically normal neurons in the myenteric plexus and were not significantly different to control biopsies. CONCLUSION Extracorporeal, normothermic perfusion of equine ileum over 4 h using autologous oxygenated blood/plasma perfusate showed potential as experimental model to test whether haematogenous or intestinal exposure to neurotoxins suspected in the pathogenesis of EGS can induce neuronal damage typical for EGS. Also, this model may allow investigations into the effect of pharmaceuticals on I/R injury, as well as into the pathogenesis of equine POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Unterköfler
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University Equine Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bruce C McGorum
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Elspeth M Milne
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Theresia F Licka
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University Equine Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria. .,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
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6
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Beach TG, Serrano GE, Kremer T, Canamero M, Dziadek S, Sade H, Derkinderen P, Corbillé AG, Letournel F, Munoz DG, White CL, Schneider J, Crary JF, Sue LI, Adler CH, Glass MJ, Intorcia AJ, Walker JE, Foroud T, Coffey CS, Ecklund D, Riss H, Goßmann J, König F, Kopil CM, Arnedo V, Riley L, Linder C, Dave KD, Jennings D, Seibyl J, Mollenhauer B, Chahine L. Immunohistochemical Method and Histopathology Judging for the Systemic Synuclein Sampling Study (S4). J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 77:793-802. [PMID: 30107604 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nly056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunohistochemical (IHC) α-synuclein (Asyn) pathology in peripheral biopsies may be a biomarker of Parkinson disease (PD). The multi-center Systemic Synuclein Sampling Study (S4) is evaluating IHC Asyn pathology within skin, colon and submandibular gland biopsies from 60 PD and 20 control subjects. Asyn pathology is being evaluated by a blinded panel of specially trained neuropathologists. Preliminary work assessed 2 candidate immunoperoxidase methods using a set of PD and control autopsy-derived sections from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks of the 3 tissues. Both methods had 100% specificity; one, utilizing the 5C12 monoclonal antibody, was more sensitive in skin (67% vs 33%), and was chosen for further use in S4. Four trainee neuropathologists were trained to perform S4 histopathology readings; in subsequent testing, their scoring was compared to that of the trainer neuropathologist on both glass slides and digital images. Specificity and sensitivity were both close to 100% with all readers in all tissue types on both glass slides and digital images except for skin, where sensitivity averaged 75% with digital images and 83.5% with glass slides. Semiquantitative (0-3) density score agreement between trainees and trainer averaged 67% for glass slides and 62% for digital images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Beach
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona
| | - Geidy E Serrano
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona
| | - Thomas Kremer
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F Hoffman-La Roche, Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.,Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Marta Canamero
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F Hoffman-La Roche, Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.,Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dziadek
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F Hoffman-La Roche, Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.,Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Hadassah Sade
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F Hoffman-La Roche, Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.,Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Pascal Derkinderen
- Department of Neurology, CHU Nantes, Inserm, U1235, Nantes University, Nantes F-44035, France.,CHU Angers, Neurobiology and Neuropathology Laboratory, Angers F-49033, France
| | - Anne-Gaëlle Corbillé
- Department of Neurology, CHU Nantes, Inserm, U1235, Nantes University, Nantes F-44035, France.,CHU Angers, Neurobiology and Neuropathology Laboratory, Angers F-49033, France
| | - Franck Letournel
- Department of Neurology, CHU Nantes, Inserm, U1235, Nantes University, Nantes F-44035, France.,CHU Angers, Neurobiology and Neuropathology Laboratory, Angers F-49033, France
| | - David G Munoz
- Laboratory Medicine and Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Research of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Charles L White
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - John F Crary
- Department of Pathology, Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Lucia I Sue
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona
| | - Charles H Adler
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Michael J Glass
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona
| | - Anthony J Intorcia
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona
| | - Jessica E Walker
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Dixie Ecklund
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Holly Riss
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Fatima König
- Targos Molecular Pathology GmbH, Kassel, Germany
| | - Catherine M Kopil
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, New York
| | - Vanessa Arnedo
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, New York
| | - Lindsey Riley
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, New York
| | - Carly Linder
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kuldip D Dave
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, New York
| | | | - John Seibyl
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel and University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Lana Chahine
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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7
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Simanon N, Adisakwattana P, Thiangtrongjit T, Limpanont Y, Chusongsang P, Chusongsang Y, Anuntakarun S, Payungporn S, Ampawong S, Reamtong O. Phosphoproteomics analysis of male and female Schistosoma mekongi adult worms. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10012. [PMID: 31292487 PMCID: PMC6620315 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46456-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosoma mekongi is one of the major causative agents of human schistosomiasis in Southeast Asia. Praziquantel is now the only drug available for treatment and there are serious concerns about parasite resistance to it. Therefore, a dataset of schistosome targets is necessary for drug development. Phosphorylation regulates signalling pathways to control cellular processes that are important for the parasite's growth and reproduction. Inhibition of key phosphoproteins may reduce the severity of schistosomiasis. In this research, we studied the phosphoproteomes of S. mekongi male and female adult worms by using computational and experimental approaches. Using a phosphoproteomics approach, we determined that 88 and 44 phosphoproteins were male- and female-biased, respectively. Immunohistochemistry using anti-phosphoserine antibodies demonstrated phosphorylation on the tegument and muscle of male S. mekongi worms and on the vitelline gland and gastrointestinal tract of female worms. This research revealed S. mekongi sex-dependent phosphoproteins. Our findings provide a better understanding of the role of phosphorylation in S. mekongi and could be integrated with information from other Schistosoma species to facilitate drug and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattapon Simanon
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Poom Adisakwattana
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Tipparat Thiangtrongjit
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Yanin Limpanont
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Phiraphol Chusongsang
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Yupa Chusongsang
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Songtham Anuntakarun
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sunchai Payungporn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sumate Ampawong
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Onrapak Reamtong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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8
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Nitrated alpha-synuclein in minor salivary gland biopsies in Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett 2019; 704:45-49. [PMID: 30946930 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (α-SYN) is found in peripheral autonomic neuronal network apart from brain in Parkinson's disease (PD). Nitrated α-SYN is an undesirable modification associated with oxidative and nitrative damage and has been found extensively in brain, gastrointestinal(GI) tract and blood cells in PD. We aim to investigate the presence of nitrated α-SYN in minor salivary gland biopsy in PD. Patients with PD and age-matched controls underwent minor salivary gland biopsy. Motor impairment was assessed by Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) stage and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Part III in off-state. 11C-methyl-N-2b-carbomethoxy-3b-(4-fluorophenyl) tropane (11C-CFT) DAT-PET scan was performed in all subjects. Immunohistochemical staining for nitrated α-SYN was performed in the minor salivary gland tissues. The minor salivary gland tissues of 8 PD cases and 7 controls with early stage (H-Y stage 1-2) were detected. All PD patients showed asymmetrical and reduction of 11C-CFT uptake in the caudate, anterior and posterior putamen, while all control subjects showed normal DAT-PET scan. Positive nitrated α-SYN immunostaining was observed in all PD patients (8/8,100%) but not in control subjects (0/7). The results were consistent well with that of DAT-PET. These nitrated alpha-synuclein positive structures were mainly located in the periacinar stroma in PD patients. Our result suggests that nitrated α-SYN exists in the early stage and is probably a promising biomarker for PD. Minor salivary gland is an ideal site for α-SYN nitration detection. Despite of the small number of subjects, attention should be given to α-SYN nitration in PD and more investigations on nitrated α-SYN in different sites and large sample using should be explored in future.
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9
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He Y, Yu Z, Chen S. Alpha-Synuclein Nitration and Its Implications in Parkinson's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:777-782. [PMID: 30183251 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is pathologically characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the accumulation of neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions known as Lewy bodies, which are primarily composed of α-synuclein. Post-translational modifications of α-synuclein induced by nitrative stress have been linked to neurodegeneration. Here, we review the concept of α-synuclein nitration and its biological consequences. We also discuss the pathological roles of nitrated α-synuclein and their potential clinical implications in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixi He
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhongwang Yu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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10
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Savelieff MG, Nam G, Kang J, Lee HJ, Lee M, Lim MH. Development of Multifunctional Molecules as Potential Therapeutic Candidates for Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in the Last Decade. Chem Rev 2018; 119:1221-1322. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masha G. Savelieff
- SciGency Science Communications, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, United States
| | - Geewoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhye Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuck Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Misun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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11
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Age-dependent elevations of oligomeric and phosphorylated alpha-synuclein synchronously occurs in the brain and gastrointestinal tract of cynomolgus monkeys. Neurosci Lett 2018; 662:276-282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Beach TG, Corbillé AG, Letournel F, Kordower JH, Kremer T, Munoz DG, Intorcia A, Hentz J, Adler CH, Sue LI, Walker J, Serrano G, Derkinderen P. Multicenter Assessment of Immunohistochemical Methods for Pathological Alpha-Synuclein in Sigmoid Colon of Autopsied Parkinson's Disease and Control Subjects. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2017; 6:761-770. [PMID: 27589538 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-160888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conflicting results from studies of Lewy-type α-synucleinopathy (LTS) in colonic biopsies of subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD) prompted a two-part multicenter assessment. The first assessment, now published (Acta Neuropathol Commun 4 : 35, 2016), examined archived colonic biopsies and found that none of the tested methods was adequately sensitive or specific. OBJECTIVE As the amount of nervous tissue in typical colonic biopsies may be insufficient, and the clinical diagnosis of PD not completely accurate, the objective of the current study was to use instead full-thickness sections of sigmoid colon from autopsy-proven PD and normal subjects. METHODS Seven different immunohistochemical (IHC) methods were used, employing five different primary antibodies and four different combinations of epitope exposure and signal development protocols. Specific staining was defined as being restricted to morphological features consistent with neuronal elements. Stained slides from each subject were independently categorized as being positive or negative for LTS, and their density semi-quantitatively graded, by four raters blinded to diagnosis. RESULTS Agreement and mean diagnostic performance varied markedly between raters. With the two most accurate raters, 5 methods achieved diagnostic accuracies of 70% or greater; one method had 100% accuracy and 100% inter-rater agreement. The submucosa had the highest prevalence of pathological LTS staining, followed by the muscularis and mucosa. CONCLUSIONS The major conclusion of this study is that, when sufficient submucosa and LTS is present, and when specific staining is defined as being consistent with neuronal morphology, adequately-trained raters may reliably distinguish PD colon from control using suitable IHC methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne-Gaëlle Corbillé
- Inserm, U913, Nantes, France.,Nantes University, Nantes, France.,Department of Neurology, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,CHU Angers, Neurobiology and Neuropathology Laboratory, Angers, France.,Université of Angers, UPRES EA3143, Angers, France
| | - Franck Letournel
- CHU Angers, Neurobiology and Neuropathology Laboratory, Angers, France.,Université of Angers, UPRES EA3143, Angers, France
| | - Jeffrey H Kordower
- Center for Brain Repair, Department of Pathology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas Kremer
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Nord DTA, Biomarker and Clinical Imaging, Roche Innovation Center, F Hoffman-La Roche, Ltd., Basel
| | - David G Munoz
- Laboratory Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto & Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Lucia I Sue
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | | | - Geidy Serrano
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | - Pascal Derkinderen
- Inserm, U913, Nantes, France.,Nantes University, Nantes, France.,Department of Neurology, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
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Lee JM, Derkinderen P, Kordower JH, Freeman R, Munoz DG, Kremer T, Zago W, Hutten SJ, Adler CH, Serrano GE, Beach TG. The Search for a Peripheral Biopsy Indicator of α-Synuclein Pathology for Parkinson Disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2017; 76:2-15. [DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlw103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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14
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Lu H, Li G, Zhou C, Jin W, Qian X, Wang Z, Pan H, Jin H, Wang X. Regulation and role of post-translational modifications of enhancer of zeste homologue 2 in cancer development. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:2737-2754. [PMID: 28042497 PMCID: PMC5199751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are critical molecular events which alter protein conformation after their synthesis and diversity protein properties by modulating their stability, localization, interacting partners or the activity of their substrates, consequently exerting pivotal roles in regulating the functions of many important eukaryotic proteins. It has been well acknowledged that PTMs are of great importance in a broad range of biological processes such as gene regulation, cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, tissue development, diseases, tumor progression and drug resistance. As the core and contributing catalytic subunit of Polycomb repressive complex 2(PRC2), Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a master epigenetic regulator, often serving as a highly conserved histone methyltransferase (HMTase) to induce histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) and repress gene transcription and expression. Dysregulated EZH2 expression is frequently associated with cancer development and poor prognosis in a wide variety of cancers. Considered its essential role in carcinogenesis, EZH2 is a potential candidate for cancer targeted therapy. Remarkably, mounting evidence highlights that EZH2 expression, activity and stability can be regulated by PTMs including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation and GlcNAcylation aside from its well-validated modifications in transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. However, the precise regulatory mechanisms underlying EZH2 PTMs and whether other types of PTMs orchestrate in EZH2 remain largely unclear. In this review, we summarize current advances in the understanding of EZH2 regulation by PTMs and their associated biological functions during tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqi Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Provincial Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangliang Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer HospitalHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenyi Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoling Qian
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Provincial Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Provincial Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongming Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongchuan Jin
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Provincial Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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