1
|
Li Z, Li Y, Liu C, Gu Y, Han G. Research progress of the mechanisms and applications of ginsenosides in promoting bone formation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155604. [PMID: 38614042 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone deficiency-related diseases caused by various factors have disrupted the normal function of the skeleton and imposed a heavy burden globally, urgently requiring potential new treatments. The multi-faceted role of compounds like ginsenosides and their interaction with the bone microenvironment, particularly osteoblasts can promote bone formation and exhibit anti-inflammatory, vascular remodeling, and antibacterial properties, holding potential value in the treatment of bone deficiency-related diseases and bone tissue engineering. PURPOSE This review summarizes the interaction between ginsenosides and osteoblasts and the bone microenvironment in bone formation, including vascular remodeling and immune regulation, as well as their therapeutic potential and toxicity in the broad treatment applications of bone deficiency-related diseases and bone tissue engineering, to provide novel insights and treatment strategies. METHODS The literature focusing on the mechanisms and applications of ginsenosides in promoting bone formation before March 2024 was searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Science Direct databases. Keywords such as "phytochemicals", "ginsenosides", "biomaterials", "bone", "diseases", "bone formation", "microenvironment", "bone tissue engineering", "rheumatoid arthritis", "periodontitis", "osteoarthritis", "osteoporosis", "fracture", "toxicology", "pharmacology", and combinations of these keywords were used. RESULTS Ginsenoside monomers regulate signaling pathways such as WNT/β-catenin, FGF, and BMP/TGF-β, stimulating osteoblast generation and differentiation. It exerts angiogenic and anti-inflammatory effects by regulating the bone surrounding microenvironment through signaling such as WNT/β-catenin, NF-κB, MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and Notch. It shows therapeutic effects and biological safety in the treatment of bone deficiency-related diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, periodontitis, osteoporosis, and fractures, and bone tissue engineering by promoting osteogenesis and improving the microenvironment of bone formation. CONCLUSION The functions of ginsenosides are diverse and promising in treating bone deficiency-related diseases and bone tissue engineering. Moreover, potential exists in regulating the bone microenvironment, modifying biomaterials, and treating inflammatory-related bone diseases and dental material applications. However, the mechanisms and effects of some ginsenoside monomers are still unclear, and the lack of clinical research limits their clinical application. Further exploration and evaluation of the potential of ginsenosides in these areas are expected to provide more effective methods for treating bone defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ze Li
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Chaoran Liu
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Yuqing Gu
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Guanghong Han
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang L, Wang J, Yang Z, Wang Y, Zhao T, Luo W, Liang T, Yang Z. Traditional herbs: mechanisms to combat cellular senescence. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:14473-14505. [PMID: 38054830 PMCID: PMC10756111 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence plays a very important role in the ageing of organisms and age-related diseases that increase with age, a process that involves physiological, structural, biochemical and molecular changes in cells. In recent years, it has been found that the active ingredients of herbs and their natural products can prevent and control cellular senescence by affecting telomerase activity, oxidative stress response, autophagy, mitochondrial disorders, DNA damage, inflammatory response, metabolism, intestinal flora, and other factors. In this paper, we review the research information on the prevention and control of cellular senescence in Chinese herbal medicine through computer searches of PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct and CNKI databases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530222, China
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530222, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530222, China
| | - Zhihui Yang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530222, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530222, China
| | - Tiejian Zhao
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530222, China
| | - Weisheng Luo
- Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530000, China
| | - Tianjian Liang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530222, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530222, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu Y, Jiang L, Song W, Wang C, Yu S, Qiao J, Wang X, Jin C, Zhao D, Bai X, Zhang P, Wang S, Liu M. Ginsenosides on stem cells fate specification-a novel perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1190266. [PMID: 37476154 PMCID: PMC10354371 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1190266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that stem cells have attracted much attention due to their special abilities of proliferation, differentiation and self-renewal, and are of great significance in regenerative medicine and anti-aging research. Hence, finding natural medicines that intervene the fate specification of stem cells has become a priority. Ginsenosides, the key components of natural botanical ginseng, have been extensively studied for versatile effects, such as regulating stem cells function and resisting aging. This review aims to summarize recent progression regarding the impact of ginsenosides on the behavior of adult stem cells, particularly from the perspective of proliferation, differentiation and self-renewal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Leilei Jiang
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Wenbo Song
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Shiting Yu
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Juhui Qiao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xinran Wang
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Chenrong Jin
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xueyuan Bai
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Peiguang Zhang
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Siming Wang
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Meichen Liu
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Effects of Ginsenoside Rg1 on the Biological Behavior of Human Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (hAD-MSCs). Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:7074703. [PMID: 36845966 PMCID: PMC9946746 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7074703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) is purified from ginseng with various pharmacological effects, which might facilitate the biological behavior of human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hAD-MSCs). This study is aimed at investigating the effects of Rg1 on the biological behavior, such as viability, proliferation, apoptosis, senescence, migration, and paracrine, of hAD-MSCs. hAD-MSCs were isolated from human amnions. The effects of Rg1 on the viability, proliferation, apoptosis, senescence, migration, and paracrine of hAD-MSCs were detected by CCK-8, EdU, flow cytometry, SA-β-Gal staining, wound healing, and ELISA assays, respectively. The protein expression levels were detected by western blot. Cell cycle distribution was evaluated using flow cytometry. We found that Rg1 promoted hAD-MSC cycle progression from G0/G1 to S and G2/M phases and significantly increased hAD-MSC proliferation rate. Rg1 activated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and significantly upregulated the expressions of cyclin D, cyclin E, CDK4, and CDK2 in hAD-MSCs. Inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling significantly downregulated the expressions of cyclin D, cyclin E, CDK4, and CDK2, prevented cell cycle progression, and reduced hAD-MSC proliferation induced by Rg1. hAD-MSC senescence rate was significantly increased by D-galactose, while the elevated hAD-MSC senescence rate induced by D-galactose was significantly decreased by Rg1 treatment. D-galactose significantly induced the expressions of senescence markers, p16INK4a, p14ARF, p21CIP1, and p53 in hAD-MSCs, while Rg1 significantly reduced the expressions of those markers induced by D-galactose in hAD-MSCs. Rg1 significantly promoted the secretion of IGF-I in hAD-MSCs. Rg1 reduced the hAD-MSC apoptosis rate. However, the difference was not significant. Rg1 had no influence on hAD-MSC migration. Altogether, our results demonstrate that Rg1 can promote the viability, proliferation, and paracrine and relieve the senescence of hAD-MSCs. PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is involved in the promotive effect of Rg1 on hAD-MSC proliferation. The protective effect of Rg1 on hAD-MSC senescence may be achieved via the downregulation of p16INK4A and p53/p21CIP1 pathway.
Collapse
|
5
|
Rg1 Protects Hematopoietic Stem Cells from LiCl-Induced Oxidative Stress via Wnt Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2875583. [PMID: 35388306 PMCID: PMC8977299 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2875583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Ginsenoside Rg1 is a major component of ginseng with antioxidative and antiaging effects, which is a traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, we investigated the potential spillover and mechanism of action of Rg1 on LiCl-driven hematopoietic stem cell aging. Results Collect the purified Sca-1+ hematopoietic cells for differentiation ability detection and biochemical and molecular labeling. The experiment found that Rg1 plays an antiaging role in reversing the SA-β-gal staining associated with LiCl-induced hematopoietic stem cell senescence, the increase in p53 and p21 proteins, and sustained DNA damage. At the same time, Rg1 protects hematopoietic cells from the reduced differentiation ability caused by LiCl. In addition, Rg1 increased the excessive inhibition of intracellular GSK-3β protein, resulting in the maintenance of β-catenin protein levels in hematopoietic cells after LiCl treatment. Then, the target gene level of β-catenin can be maintained. Conclusions Rg1 exerts the pharmacological effect of maintaining the activity of GSK-3β in Sca-1+ hematopoietic cells, enhances the antioxidant potential of cells, improves the redox homeostasis, and thus protects cells from the decline in differentiation ability caused by aging. This study provides a potential therapeutic strategy to reduce stem cell pool failure caused by chronic oxidative damage to hematopoietic stem cells.
Collapse
|
6
|
Lv W, Yu M, Yang Q, Kong P, Yan B. Total flavonoids of Rhizoma drynariae ameliorate steroid‑induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head via the PI3K/AKT pathway. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:345. [PMID: 33760114 PMCID: PMC7974407 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (SANFH) is a common orthopaedic disease that is difficult to treat. The present study investigated the effects of total flavonoids of Rhizoma drynariae (TFRD) on SANFH and explored its underlying mechanisms. The SANFH rat model was induced by intramuscular injection of lipopolysaccharides and methylprednisolone. Osteoblasts were isolated from the calvariae of neonatal rats and then cultured with dexamethasone (Dex). TFRD was used in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Haematoxylin and eosin staining was used to assess the pathological changes in the femoral head. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labelling assay and flow cytometry were conducted to detect apoptosis of osteoblasts. The 2,7-dichlorofluorescein-diacetate staining method was used to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in osteoblasts and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to detect osteoblast proliferation. The expression of caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, VEGF, runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteocalcin (OCN), receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway related-proteins were detected via western blotting. It was found that TFRD reduced the pathological changes, inhibited apoptosis, increased the expression of VEGF, RUNX2, OPG and OCN, decreased RANKL expression and activated the PI3K/AKT pathway in SANFH rats. TFRD promoted proliferation, inhibited apoptosis and reduced ROS levels by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway in osteoblasts. In conclusion, TFRD protected against SANFH in a rat model. In addition, TFRD protected osteoblasts from Dex-induced damage through the PI3K/AKT pathway. The findings of the present study may contribute to find an effective treatment for the management of SANFH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxue Lv
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lixia, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Mingxiu Yu
- Department of Special Inspection, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lixia, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Qingyi Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lixia, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Peng Kong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lixia, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Bing Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lixia, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Guo Y, Wang L, Lu J, Jiao J, Yang Y, Zhao H, Liang Z, Zheng H. Ginsenoside Rg1 improves cognitive capability and affects the microbiota of large intestine of tree shrew model for Alzheimer's disease. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:291. [PMID: 33649817 PMCID: PMC7930927 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) is traditional Chinese medicine with neuroprotective activity. Previous studies have demonstrated that Rg1 improves Alzheimer's disease (AD) and alters gut microbiology, but its mechanism remains to be elucidated, and thus far, its use in the treatment of AD has not been satisfactory. The present study investigated the improvement effects of Rg1 and its association with the microbiota of the large intestine. Following treatment with Rg1 in AD tree shrews, the treatment group demonstrated significantly shorter escape latency and crossed a platform more frequently in a water maze test. Western blotting demonstrated that Rg1 inhibited the expression of β-secretase 1, while increasing microtubule-associated protein 2 and Fox-3 in the hippocampus. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that Rg1 decreased the expression of amyloid β, tau phosphorylated at serine 404 and pro-apoptotic factor Bax, while increasing the expression of Bcl-2 in the hippocampus and cortex. High throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA demonstrated that Rg1 altered the microbiota abundance of the large intestine. In conclusion, Rg1 affected the expression of apoptosis proteins, possessed a neuroprotective effect and may have a close association with the microbiota of large intestine by significantly reducing the abundance of Bacteroidetes and increasing the energy requirement of tree shrews.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Guo
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Limei Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Jiangli Lu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Jianlin Jiao
- Technology Transfer Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Hongbin Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, P.R. China
| | - Zhang Liang
- Research Management Office for Science and Technology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
He F, Yu C, Liu T, Jia H. Ginsenoside Rg1 as an Effective Regulator of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1565. [PMID: 32038244 PMCID: PMC6989539 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, breakthroughs have been made in the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to treat various diseases. Several stem cell types have been authorized as drugs by the European Medicines Agency and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The Chinese official document “Notification of the management of stem cell clinical research (trial)” was also published in August 2015. Currently, China has approved 106 official stem cell clinical research filing agencies and 62 clinical research projects, which are mostly focused on MSC therapy. Hence, the optimization and development of stem cell drugs is imperative. During this process, maximizing MSC expansion, minimizing cell loss during MSC transplantation, improving the homing rate, precisely regulating the differentiation of MSCs, and reducing MSC senescence and apoptosis are major issues in MSC preclinical research. Similar to artemisinin extracted from the stems and leaves of Artemisia annua, ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) is purified from the root or stem of ginseng. In the human body, Rg1 regulates organ function, which is inseparable from its regulation of adult stem cells. Rg1 treatment may effectively regulate the proliferation, differentiation, senescence, and apoptosis of MSCs in different microenvironments in vitro or in vivo. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the effect of Rg1 on MSCs and describe the issues that must be addressed and prospects regarding Rg1 regulation of MSCs in preclinical or clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang He
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Changyin Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Huilin Jia
- School of Stomatology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ji Q, Sun Z, Yang Z, Zhang W, Ren Y, Chen W, Yao M, Nie S. Protective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on LPS-induced apoptosis of lung epithelial cells. Mol Immunol 2018; 136:168-174. [PMID: 30471963 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening medical condition with high mortality and morbidity in the critical care units. Though, it was commonly accepted that inflammation and apoptosis of lung epithelial cells played an essential role in the pathogenesis of ALI, the underlying mechanism remain unknown. In our study, we found that LPS-induced cell apoptosis could be counteracted by elevated cell autophagy. In LPS-treated MLE-12 cells, suppression of autophagy via 3-MA could aggravate LPS-induced apoptosis, while activation of autophagy via Rapamycin could effectively impair the apoptosis of MLE-12 cells induced by LPS. In order to further discover the molecular regulation mechanism between apoptosis and autophagy in LPS-treated MLE-12 cells, we demonstrated that autophagy could induced the expression of Nrf2, followed with the decrease of p-p65. Targeted inhibition of Nrf2 could induce enlarged cell apoptosis via increasing the level of p-p65. In addition, we demonstrated that ginsenoside Rg1 protected MLE-12 cells from LPS-induced apoptosis via augmenting autophagy and inducing the expression of Nrf2. Our data implicates that activation of autophagy and Nrf2 by ginsenoside Rg1 may provide a preventive and therapeutic strategy for ALI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qijian Ji
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xuyi People's hospital, xuyi, 211700, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Zhaorui Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China.
| | - Zhizhou Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China.
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China.
| | - Weijun Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China.
| | - Mengya Yao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China.
| | - Shinan Nie
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ni XJ, Xu ZQ, Jin H, Zheng SL, Cai Y, Wang JJ. Ginsenoside Rg1 protects human renal tubular epithelial cells from lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis and inflammation damage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 51:e6611. [PMID: 29267498 PMCID: PMC5731327 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20176611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg1, one of the most notable active components of Panax ginseng, has been widely reported to exert anti-inflammatory actions. This study aimed to reveal whether ginsenoside Rg1 also exhibits beneficial roles against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced apoptosis and inflammation in human renal tubular epithelial cells, and to evaluate the potential role of the component on tubulointerstitial nephritis treatment. HK-2 cells were treated with various doses of ginsenoside Rg1 (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 μM) in the absence or presence of 5 μg/mL LPS. Thereafter, CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, western blot, migration assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, and ELISA were carried out to respectively assess cell viability, apoptosis, migration, ROS activity, and the release of inflammatory cytokines. As a result, ginsenoside Rg1 protected HK-2 cells from LPS-induced injury, as cell viability was increased, cell apoptosis was decreased, and the release of MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α was reduced. Ginsenoside Rg1 functioned to HK-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and the 150 μM dose exhibited the most protective functions. Ginsenoside Rg1 had no significant impact on cell migration and ROS activity, while it alleviated LPS-induced ROS release and migration impairment. Furthermore, the down-regulations of p-PI3K, p-AKT, and up-regulations of PTEN, p-IκBα, p-p65, Bcl-3 induced by LPS were recovered to some extent after ginsenoside Rg1 treatment. In conclusion, ginsenoside Rg1 protects HK-2 cells against LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis via activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway and suppression of NF-κB pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X J Ni
- Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Z Q Xu
- Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - H Jin
- Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - S L Zheng
- Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Y Cai
- Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - J J Wang
- Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu Y, Yi L, Wang L, Chen L, Chen X, Wang Y. Ginsenoside Rg1 protects human umbilical cord blood-derived stromal cells against tert-Butyl hydroperoxide-induced apoptosis through Akt-FoxO3a-Bim signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 421:75-87. [PMID: 27522666 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2786-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human umbilical cord blood-derived stromal cells (hUCBDSCs) possess strong capability of supporting hematopoiesis and immune regulation, whereas some stress conditions cause reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and then lead to oxidative injury and cell apoptosis. Ginsenoside Rg1 (G-Rg1) has been demonstrated to exert antioxidative and prosurvival effects in many cell types. In this study, the tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP), an analog of hydroperoxide, was utilized to mimic the oxidative damage to hUCBDSCs. We aimed to investigate the effects of Ginsenoside Rg1 on protecting hUCBDSCs from t-BHP-induced oxidative injury and apoptosis, as well as the possible signaling pathway involved. It was shown that the treatment of hUCBDSCs with G-Rg1 markedly restored the t-BHP-induced cell viability loss, promoted the CFU-F formation, and inhibited cell apoptosis. G-Rg1 also caused a reduced production of LDH and MDA while significantly enhancing the activity of SOD. Mechanistically, G-Rg1 promoted the phosphorylation of Akt and FoxO3a and led to the cytoplasmic translocation of FoxO3a, which in turn suppressed FoxO3a-modulated expression of proapoptotic Bim and elevated the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax. All these results suggest that G-Rg1 enhances the survival of t-BHP-induced hUCBDSCs and protects them against apoptosis at least partially through Akt-FoxO3a-Bim signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Yi
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Linbo Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongbin Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|