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Wang T, Wang Z, Yang J, Chen Y, Min H. Screening and Identification of Key Biomarkers in Metastatic Uveal Melanoma: Evidence from a Bioinformatic Analysis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237224. [PMID: 36498797 PMCID: PMC9739237 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To identify key biomarkers in the metastasis of uveal melanoma (UM). Methods: The microarray datasets GSE27831 and GSE22138 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and functional enrichment analyses were performed. A protein−protein interaction network was constructed, and four algorithms were performed to increase the reliability of hub genes. Biomarker analysis and metastasis-free survival analysis were performed to screen and verify prognostic hub genes. Results: A total of 138 DEGs were identified, consisting of 71 downregulated genes and 67 upregulated genes. Four genes (ROBO1, FMN1, FYN and FXR1) were selected as hub genes. Biomarker analysis and metastasis-free survival analysis showed that ROBO1, FMN1, FYN and FXR1 were factors affecting the metastasis and metastasis-free survival of UM (all p < 0.05). High expression of ROBO1 and low expression of FMN1 were associated with longer metastasis-free survival. Multivariable logistic regression and Cox analyses in GSE 27831 indicated that ROBO1 was an independent factor affecting metastasis and metastasis-free survival of UM (p = 0.010 and p = 0.009), while ROBO1 and FMN1 were independent factors affecting metastasis and metastasis-free survival of UM in GSE22138 (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: ROBO1, FMN1, FYN and FXR1 should be regarded as diagnostic biomarkers for the metastasis of UM, especially ROBO1 and FMN1. High expression of ROBO1 and low expression of FMN1 were associated with longer metastasis-free survival. This study may facilitate the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the metastasis of UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zixing Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jingyuan Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Youxin Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hanyi Min
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-186-0136-7871; Fax: +86-010-6915-6815
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Zhang Z, Fang X, Xie G, Zhu J. GATA3 is downregulated in HCC and accelerates HCC aggressiveness by transcriptionally inhibiting slug expression. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:231. [PMID: 33613720 PMCID: PMC7856699 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that GATA3 is downregulated in multiple types of tumours, including gastric cancer and osteosarcoma. The aim of this study was to explore whether GATA3 serves as a tumour suppressor to inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Tumour tissue specimens and adjacent normal tissue specimens were obtained from 162 patients diagnosed with HCC in the Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University from July 2000 to May 2018. The result of the present study demonstrated that GATA3 was downregulated in HCC tumour tissues compared with that of adjacent normal tissues. The expression of GATA3 was also negatively associated with tumour size, TNM stage and lymph node metastasis. Additionally, analysis of the follow-up data revealed that low GATA3 expression was closely correlated with poor survival. Gain and loss of function analyses revealed that overexpression of GATA3 decreased the ability of proliferation, migration and invasion in HCC cell lines, whereas inhibition of GATA3 promoted the ability of proliferation, migration and invasion. In addition, GATA3 suppressed EMT through the regulation of slug expression. Additionally, slug overexpression attenuated the inhibitory effects of GATA3 overexpression on cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Thus, GATA3 is downregulated in HCC, and suppresses cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Moreover, GATA3 transcriptionally inhibits slug expression, thereby suppressing EMT in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoliang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery I, The Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Xingliang Fang
- Department of General Surgery I, The Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Guilin Xie
- Department of General Surgery I, The Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Jinlong Zhu
- Department of General Surgery I, The Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
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Wang L, Zheng J, Pathak JL, Chen Y, Liang D, Yang L, Sun H, Zhong M, Wu L, Li L, Deng S, Zheng L, Yan Y, Hou D, Wang L, Ge L. SLIT2 Overexpression in Periodontitis Intensifies Inflammation and Alveolar Bone Loss, Possibly via the Activation of MAPK Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:593. [PMID: 32760720 PMCID: PMC7371784 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SLIT2, a member of neuronal guidance cues, has been reported to regulate inflammation and cancer progression. Periodontitis is an oral inflammatory disease that degenerates periodontal tissue, alveolar bone and tooth. This study aims to explore the expression pattern of SLIT2 in periodontitis and its role in disease progression and bone loss. Gingival tissue of 20 periodontitis patients and 20 healthy-controls was obtained. Ligature-induced periodontitis (LIP) mice-model was developed in Slit2-Tg and wild-type mice. The effect of SLIT2 on inflammation, immune cell infiltration, M1 macrophage polarization, and alveolar bone loss in periodontitis was analyzed extensively. In periodontitis-affected gingival-tissue, SLIT2 expression was 4.4-fold higher compared to healthy-volunteers. LIP enhanced SLIT2 expression in mice periodontitis-affected periodontal tissue (PAPT) and blood circulation of wild-type mice by 4. 6-, and 5.0-fold, respectively. In Slit2-Tg-mice PAPT, SLIT2 expression was 1.8-fold higher compared to wild-type mice. Micro-CT and histomorphometric analysis revealed a 1.3-fold higher cement-enamel-junction to the alveolar-bone-crest (CEJ-ABC) distance and alveolar bone loss in LIP Slit2-Tg-mice compare to LIP wild-type mice. Results from RNA-sequencing, RT-qPCR, and ELISA showed a higher expression of Cxcr2, Il-18, TNFα, IL-6, and IL-1β in Slit2-Tg-mice PAPT compared to wild-type-mice. Slit2-Tg-mice PAPT showed a higher number of osteoclasts, M1 macrophages, and the upregulation of Robo1 expression. Slit2-Tg-mice PAPT showed upregulation of M1 macrophage marker CD16/32 and osteoclastogenic markers Acp5, Ctsk, and Nfatc1, but osteogenic markers (Alp, Bglap) remained unchanged. Immunohistochemistry unveiled the higher vasculature and infiltration of leucocytes and macrophages in Slit2-Tg-mice PAPT. RNA-sequencing, GO-pathway enrichment analysis, and western blot analysis revealed the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway in Slit2-Tg mice PAPT. In conclusion, SLIT2 overexpression in periodontitis intensifies inflammation, immune cells infiltration, M1 macrophage polarization, osteoclastogenesis, and alveolar bone loss, possibly via activation of MAPK signaling, suggesting the role of SLIT2 on exacerbation of periodontitis and alveolar bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research in Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Institute of Oral Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research in Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Institute of Oral Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Janak L Pathak
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research in Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Institute of Oral Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunxin Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research in Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Institute of Oral Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongliang Liang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research in Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Institute of Oral Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luxi Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research in Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Institute of Oral Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haobo Sun
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research in Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Institute of Oral Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Zhong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research in Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Institute of Oral Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Wu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research in Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Institute of Oral Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuhua Deng
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingyun Zheng
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongyong Yan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research in Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Institute of Oral Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Hou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research in Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Institute of Oral Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijing Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research in Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Institute of Oral Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linhu Ge
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research in Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Institute of Oral Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Saponin Facilitates Anti-Robo1 Immunotoxin Cytotoxic Effects on Maxillary Sinus Squamous Cell Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:9593516. [PMID: 32256588 PMCID: PMC7086449 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9593516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. The standard treatment of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy can result in long-term complications which lower the patient's quality of life, such as eating disorders, speech problems, and disfiguring or otherwise untoward cosmetic issues. Antibody therapy against cancer-specific antigens is advantageous in terms of its lesser side effects achieved by its greater specificity, though the antitumor activity is still usually not enough to obtain a complete cure. Robo1, an axon guidance receptor, has received considerable attention as a possible drug target in various cancers. We have shown previously the enhanced cytotoxic effects of saporin-conjugated anti-Robo1 immunotoxin (IT-Robo1) on the HNSCC cell line HSQ-89 in combination with a photochemical internalization technique. Considering the light source, which has only limited tissue penetrance, we examined the drug internalization effect of saponin. Treatment with saponin facilitated significant cytotoxic effects of IT-Robo1 on HSQ-89 cells. Saponin exerts its own nonspecific cytotoxicity, which may cover the actual extent of the internalization effect. We thus examined whether a flashed treatment with saponin exerted a significant specific cytotoxic effect on cancer cells. The combination of an immunotoxin with saponin also exhibited a significant tumor-suppressive effect on mice HSQ-19 xenografts. These results suggest the utility of saponin treatment as an enhancer of immunotoxin treatment in cancer.
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Kacar S, Bektur Aykanat NE, Sahinturk V. Silymarin inhibited DU145 cells by activating SLIT2 protein and suppressing expression of CXCR4. Med Oncol 2020; 37:18. [PMID: 32062757 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-020-1343-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Among other cancers, prostate cancer is globally the second most rampant one with the incidence of 29.4% among men. SLIT2/ROBO1 signaling is very crucial pathway causally implicated in many cancers and reported to inhibit a variety of cancer cell types. CXCR4 is a chemokine receptor implicated in cancer progression. Silymarin is a phytochemical, of which anti-carcinogenic activity was suggested in various cancers, including prostate cancer. However, there are no studies examining the effect of silymarin on SLIT2-Robo1-CXCR4 axis. Herein, our goal is to explore cytotoxic and morphological effects of silymarin on DU145 cells and to reveal its role in Slit2/Robo and CXCR1 pathway. First, 24, 48 and 72 h-long cytotoxicity tests were performed for dose analysis of silymarin, followed H-E stain for morphological evaluation with varying doses of silymarin. Afterward, western blot and immunocytochemistry analyses were carried out for SLIT2, ROBO1 and CXCR4 proteins. According to MTT analysis, IC50 concentrations for silymarin were 315, 126 and 70 µM against DU145 cells for 24, 48 and 72 h treatments. In H-E, several apoptotic hallmarks, including, condensed, kidney-shaped and eccentric nuclei, membrane blebbings and apoptotic body formations were observed. Silymarin increased the expressions of SLIT2 and ROBO1 while decreased CXCR4 when compared to control group in immunocytochemistry and Western blot. To summarize, silymarin inhibited DU145 cells dose-dependently by activating SLIT2 protein and inhibiting expression of CXCR4. This study is the first examining the interplay between Slit2-Robo1-CXCR4 proteins and silymarin in DU145 cells. We believe that our study will provide new insights for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedat Kacar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
| | - Nuriye Ezgi Bektur Aykanat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Varol Sahinturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Kim M, Lee CH, Barnum SJ, Watson RC, Li J, Mastick GS. Slit/Robo signals prevent spinal motor neuron emigration by organizing the spinal cord basement membrane. Dev Biol 2019; 455:449-457. [PMID: 31356769 PMCID: PMC6842423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The developing spinal cord builds a boundary between the CNS and the periphery, in the form of a basement membrane. The spinal cord basement membrane is a barrier that retains CNS neuron cell bodies, while being selectively permeable to specific axon types. Spinal motor neuron cell bodies are located in the ventral neural tube next to the floor plate and project their axons out through the basement membrane to peripheral targets. However, little is known about how spinal motor neuron cell bodies are retained inside the ventral neural tube, while their axons can exit. In previous work, we found that disruption of Slit/Robo signals caused motor neuron emigration outside the spinal cord. In the current study, we investigate how Slit/Robo signals are necessary to keep spinal motor neurons within the neural tube. Our findings show that when Slit/Robo signals were removed from motor neurons, they migrated outside the spinal cord. Furthermore, this emigration was associated with abnormal basement membrane protein expression in the ventral spinal cord. Using Robo2 and Slit2 conditional mutants, we found that motor neuron-derived Slit/Robo signals were required to set up a normal basement membrane in the spinal cord. Together, our results suggest that motor neurons produce Slit signals that are required for the basement membrane assembly to retain motor neuron cell bodies within the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Kim
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
| | - Clare H Lee
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Sarah J Barnum
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Roland Cj Watson
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Jennifer Li
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Grant S Mastick
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
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Chiang TS, Lin MC, Tsai MC, Chen CH, Jang LT, Lee FJS. ADP-ribosylation factor-like 4A interacts with Robo1 to promote cell migration by regulating Cdc42 activation. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:69-81. [PMID: 30427759 PMCID: PMC6337904 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-01-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is a highly regulated event that is initiated by cell membrane protrusion and actin reorganization. Robo1, a single-pass transmembrane receptor, is crucial for neuronal guidance and cell migration. ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf)-like 4A (Arl4A), an Arf small GTPase, functions in cell morphology, cell migration, and actin cytoskeleton remodeling; however, the molecular mechanisms of Arl4A in cell migration are unclear. Here, we report that the binding of Arl4A to Robo1 modulates cell migration by promoting Cdc42 activation. We found that Arl4A interacts with Robo1 in a GTP-dependent manner and that the Robo1 amino acid residues 1394-1398 are required for this interaction. The Arl4A-Robo1 interaction is essential for Arl4A-induced cell migration and Cdc42 activation but not for the plasma membrane localization of Robo1. In addition, we show that the binding of Arl4A to Robo1 decreases the association of Robo1 with the Cdc42 GTPase-activating protein srGAP1. Furthermore, Slit2/Robo1 binding down-regulates the Arl4A-Robo1 interaction in vivo, thus attenuating Cdc42-mediated cell migration. Therefore, our study reveals a novel mechanism by which Arl4A participates in Slit2/Robo1 signaling to modulate cell motility by regulating Cdc42 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Shin Chiang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chieh Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
- Center of Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chen Tsai
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Hsin Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ting Jang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Jen S. Lee
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
- Center of Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
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Sun H, Huang D, Liu G, Jian F, Zhu J, Zhang L. SIRT4 acts as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer by inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:3959-3968. [PMID: 30022839 PMCID: PMC6044351 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s156143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous study has proven that SIRT4 is downregulated in gastric cancer (GC), but the role of SIRT4 has not been clearly understood. The aim of our work was to explore in detail the function and mechanism of SIRT4 in GC. Methods A total of 86 pairs of GC tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues were collected, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analyses were used to determine the expression of SIRT4. Results Our study revealed that the expression of SIRT4 was downregulated in GC tissues and cells. In addition, the low expression of SIRT4 was negatively correlated with tumor size, pathological grade, and lymph node metastasis, which predicted a poor prognosis. Multiple functional experiments, including Cell Counting Kit-8 assay as well as colony formation assay, demonstrated SIRT4 suppressed cell proliferation. Moreover, we found epithelial-mesenchymal transition was regulated by SIRT4, thereby regulating cell migration and invasion. Conclusion Overall, our findings show that SIRT4 serves as a tumor suppressor in GC and might act as a novel biomarker and a therapeutic target of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Changyi People's Hospital, Changyi, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongli Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Changyi People's Hospital, Changyi, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guozheng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Changyi People's Hospital, Changyi, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengguo Jian
- Department of General Surgery, Changyi People's Hospital, Changyi, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Changyi People's Hospital, Changyi, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China,
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Zhou W, Wang H, Yu W, Xie W, Zhao M, Huang L, Li X. The expression of the Slit-Robo signal in the retina of diabetic rats and the vitreous or fibrovascular retinal membranes of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185795. [PMID: 28973045 PMCID: PMC5626485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Slit-Robo signal has an important role in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Our study examined the expression of Slit2 and its receptor, Robo1, in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes and in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. METHODS Diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats via a single, intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The rats were sacrificed 1, 3 or 6 months after the injection. The expression of Slit2 and Robo1 in retinal tissue was measured by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and protein levels were measured by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Recombinant N-Slit2 protein was used to study the effects of Slit2 on the expression of VEGF in vivo. The concentration of Slit2 protein in human eyes was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 27 eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 28 eyes in control group. The expression of Slit2, Robo1 and VEGF in the excised human fibrovascular membranes was examined by fluorescence immunostaining and semi-quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS The expression of Slit2 and Robo1 in the retina was altered after STZ injection. Recombinant N-Slit2 protein did not increase the retinal VEGF expression. Vitreous concentrations of Slit2 were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group. In the human fibrovascular membranes of the study group, the co-localization of VEGF with the markers for Slit2 and Robo1was observed. The expression of Slit2 mRNA, Robo1 mRNA, and VEGF mRNA was significantly higher in human fibrovascular proliferative diabetic retinopathy membranes than in the control membranes. CONCLUSIONS The alteration of Slit2 and Robo1 expression in the retinas of diabetic rats and patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy suggests a role for the Slit-Robo signal in the various stages diabetic retinopathy. Further studies should address the possible involvement of the Slit-Robo signal in the pathophysiological progress of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hongya Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenzhen Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wankun Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lvzhen Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China
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10
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Lyu ZK, Li CL, Jin Y, Liu YZ, Zhang X, Zhang F, Ning LN, Liang ES, Ma M, Gao W, Zhang MX, Liu DS. Paeonol exerts potential activities to inhibit the growth, migration and invasion of human gastric cancer BGC823 cells via downregulating MMP‑2 and MMP‑9. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7513-7519. [PMID: 28944890 PMCID: PMC5865884 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Paeonol (Pae) is an herbal extract that has attracted extensive attention for its anti-cancer effects demonstrated by a number of studies, which have predominantly demonstrated inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis. The influence of Pae on cancer cell metastasis has been less widely reported. The present study aimed to investigate the under-reported effects of Pae on the growth, invasion and migration of poorly differentiated BGC823 gastric cancer cells with strong invasive and metastatic abilities. The anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of Pae on BGC823 cells were verified by Cell Counting kit-8 and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide assays. Cell scratch-wound healing and Transwell methods were applied, and it was demonstrated that Pae could exert inhibitory activities on the invasion and migration of BGC823 cells. Furthermore, it was indicated by western blot analysis that Pae could downregulate the protein expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and −9 in a concentration-dependent manner, which may support a novel potential mechanism accounting for its anti-cancer effects on gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Kuan Lyu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Ling Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yan Jin
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Zhao Liu
- Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Lu-Ning Ning
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Er-Shun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Min Ma
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Xiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - De-Shan Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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11
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Wu Y, Zhang J, Zheng Y, Ma C, Liu XE, Sun X. miR-216a-3p Inhibits the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Human Gastric Cancer Cells via Targeting RUNX1 and Activating the NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Oncol Res 2017; 26:157-171. [PMID: 28835317 PMCID: PMC7844601 DOI: 10.3727/096504017x15031557924150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aims to elucidate the effects and the potential underlying mechanisms of microRNA-216a-3p (miR-216a-3p) on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer (GC) cells. In this study, we revealed that the expression of miR-216a-3p was significantly elevated in GC tissues and cell lines. The different expression level of miR-216a-3p was firmly correlated with clinicopathological characteristics of GC patients. We next demonstrated that upregulation of miR-216a-3p could dramatically promote the ability of proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells using a series of experiments, whereas downregulation essentially inhibited these properties. Additionally, through bioinformatics analysis and biological approaches, we confirmed that runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) was a direct target of miR-216a-3p, and overexpression of RUNX1 could reverse the potential effect of miR-216a-3p on GC cells. Furthermore, mechanistic investigation using Western blot analysis showed that downregulation of RUNX1 by miR-216a-3p could stimulate the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. In summary, this work proved that miR-216a-3p can promote GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via targeting RUNX1 and activating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore, miR-216a-3p/RUNX1 could be a possible molecular target for innovative therapeutic agents against GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfang Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Xing-E Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
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12
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Integrative bioinformatics analysis identifies ROBO1 as a potential therapeutic target modified by miR-218 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:61327-61337. [PMID: 28977866 PMCID: PMC5617426 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients diagnosed with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presented poor prognosis and short survival time. Althouth accumulating contribution of continuous research has gradually revealed complex tumorigenesis mechanism of HCC with numerous and jumbled biomarkers, those specific ones for HCC diagnose and therapeutic treatment are required illustration. Multiple genes over-expressed in HCC specimens with at least 1.5 fold change were cohorted, compared with the non-cancerous tissues through integrative bioinformatics analysis from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets GSE14520 and GSE6764, including 445 and 45 cases of samples spearatly, along with intensive exploration on the Cancer Genome Altas (TCGA) dataset of liver cancer. Thirteen genes significantly highly expressed, overlapping in the datasets above. The Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) program was utilized for functional pathway enrichment analysis. Protein-protein Interaction (PPI) analysis was conducted through the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database. ROBO1 was highlighted as one of the most probable molecules among the 13 candidates participating in cancer process. Cancer Cell Line Encycolopedia (CCLE) database was utilized exploring ROBO1 expression in cell lines. Immunochemistry analysis and qRT-PCR assay were performed in our medical center, which indicates significant over-expression status in either HCC tumor specimens and 3 HCC cell lines. Furtherly, we recognized that miR-218, a tumor suppressor, might be an upstream regulator for ROBO1 directly binding to the mRNA 3’UTR and potentially modifying the expression and function of ROBO1. Herein, we conclude that ROBO1 is a mighty therapeutic targets modified by miR-218 in HCC deserving further investigation.
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13
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D'Errico G, Machado HL, Sainz B. A current perspective on cancer immune therapy: step-by-step approach to constructing the magic bullet. Clin Transl Med 2017; 6:3. [PMID: 28050779 PMCID: PMC5209322 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-016-0130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is the new trend in cancer treatment due to the selectivity, long lasting effects, and demonstrated improved overall survival and tolerance, when compared to patients treated with conventional chemotherapy. Despite these positive results, immunotherapy is still far from becoming the perfect magic bullet to fight cancer, largely due to the facts that immunotherapy is not effective in all patients nor in all cancer types. How and when will immunotherapy overcome these hurdles? In this review we take a step back to walk side by side with the pioneers of immunotherapy in order to understand what steps need to be taken today to make immunotherapy effective across all cancers. While early scientists, such as Coley, elicited an unselective but effective response against cancer, the search for selectivity pushed immunotherapy to the side in favor of drugs focused on targeting cancer cells. Fortunately, the modern era would revive the importance of the immune system in battling cancer by releasing the brakes or checkpoints (anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1/PD-L1) that have been holding the immune system at bay. However, there are still many hurdles to overcome before immunotherapy becomes a universal cancer therapy. For example, we discuss how the redundant and complex nature of the immune system can impede tumor elimination by teeter tottering between different polarization states: one eliciting anti-cancer effects while the other promoting cancer growth and invasion. In addition, we highlight the incapacity of the immune system to choose between a fight or repair action with respect to tumor growth. Finally we combine these concepts to present a new way to think about the immune system and immune tolerance, by introducing two new metaphors, the “push the accelerator” and “repair the car” metaphors, to explain the current limitations associated with cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele D'Errico
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Autónoma University of Madrid, Calle del Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Heather L Machado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave, #8543, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Bruno Sainz
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Autónoma University of Madrid, Calle del Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain. .,Enfermedades Crónicas y Cáncer Area, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Ma J, Li R, Qu G, Liu H, Yan B, Xia T, Liu Y, Liu S. Carbon nanotubes stimulate synovial inflammation by inducing systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:18070-18086. [PMID: 27714147 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr06041b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have promising applications in a wide range of biomedical fields, including imaging, drug/gene delivery and other therapeutics; however, the biosafety concerns of CNTs should be addressed. To date, many reports have documented the toxicological effects on the cells, tissue or organs that are in direct contact with the tubes; however, there is limited evidence to unravel the secondary toxicity upon CNT treatment. Moreover, more effort is needed to gain a definitive understanding of the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) for CNTs, and a pragmatic framework for risk assessment has not been established yet. In the current study, we aimed to decipher the secondary toxicity to joints under CNT exposure. We demonstrated that carboxylated multi-wall CNTs (MWCNTs-COOH) significantly provoked systemic pro-inflammatory responses, leading to synovial inflammation within knee joints, as evidenced by the infiltration of pro-inflammatory cells in the synovium and meniscus. Mechanistic studies showed that MWCNTs-COOH stimulated pro-inflammatory effects by activating macrophages, and the secreted pro-inflammatory cytokines primed the synoviocytes and chondrocytes, resulting in enhanced production of a large array of enzymes involved in articular cartilage degeneration, including matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) members and cyclooxygenase (COX) members, and increased enzymatic activity of MMPs was demonstrated. Blockade of the cytokines by antibodies significantly attenuated the production of these enzymes. Our current study thus suggests that there is a novel secondary toxicity of CNTs, namely a new AOP to understand the indirect effects of carbon nanotubes: synovial inflammation due to the alteration of the priming state of synoviocytes and chondrocytes under CNT-induced systemic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Ruibin Li
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Huiyu Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bing Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Yajun Liu
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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