Analysis of different components in the peritumoral tissue microenvironment of colorectal cancer: A potential prospect in tumorigenesis

Antioxidant enzymes change in different non-metastatic stages in tumoral and peritumoral tissues of colorectal cancer

Antioxidant defences and oxidative stress are related to development, progression and malignancy of colorectal cancer. However, their role in early stages of cancer remains unknown. More and more recent studies have revealed that non-tumour adjacent tissue is not a normal tissue. Thus, our aim was to analyse protein levels of MnSOD (Manganese Superoxide Dismutase), acMnSOD (Acetylated Manganese superoxide Dismutase), SIRT3 (Sirtuin 3), CuZnSOD (Cupper Zinc Superoxide Dismutase), CAT (Catalase), GPx (Glutathione Peroxidase), and GRd (Glutathione Reductase) both in tumour and non-tumour adjacent tissue from colorectal cancer patients by western blot. Non-tumour adjacent tissue seemed to have higher levels of antioxidant enzymes that detoxify hydrogen peroxide compared to tumour tissue. In contrast, tumour tissue had higher levels of MnSOD and acMnSOD. Furthermore, most of the proteins analysed showed significant differences between stage I and II in both non-tumour adjacent and tumour tissue. This could indicate that antioxidant enzymes, especially MnSOD, play a crucial role in early stages of colorectal cancer in both tissues, so they could be analysed as novel biomarkers to improve colorectal cancer diagnosis.

Global gene expression profile in canine mammary carcinomas

Mammary gland tumors are a heterogeneous group of neoplastic diseases. Genetic studies make it possible to determine genetic profiles and identify new molecular markers. The aim of the study was to evaluate the gene expression profile of canine mammary carcinomas and identify potential prognostic markers. Twelve mammary cancer samples from bitches were collected for the evaluation of global gene expression. Microarray assays were performed using commercial kits. Statistical analysis of the microarray was done using moderate t-statistic and adjusted using the Benjamini and Hochberg procedure. Differential connectivity analysis was also performed. Enrichment analyses were conducted using WebGestalt. P-values were calculated using hypergeometric statistics and adjusted using the Benjamini and Hochberg procedure. The HYAL-1 gene was validated using quantitative PCR (qPCR). There were 878 upregulated genes and 821 downregulated genes in the neoplasms studied. Enrichment analysis (individual analysis) identified the HYAL-1 gene as a potential marker of tumorigenesis and tumor recurrence. Differential connectivity analysis demonstrated 262 differentially connected genes.