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Gong H, Xu HM, Zhang DK. Focusing on discoidin domain receptors in premalignant and malignant liver diseases. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1123638. [PMID: 37007062 PMCID: PMC10050580 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1123638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Discoidin domain receptors (DDRs) are receptor tyrosine kinases on the membrane surface that bind to extracellular collagens, but they are rarely expressed in normal liver tissues. Recent studies have demonstrated that DDRs participate in and influence the processes underlying premalignant and malignant liver diseases. A brief overview of the potential roles of DDR1 and DDR2 in premalignant and malignant liver diseases is presented. DDR1 has proinflammatory and profibrotic benefits and promotes the invasion, migration and liver metastasis of tumour cells. However, DDR2 may play a pathogenic role in early-stage liver injury (prefibrotic stage) and a different role in chronic liver fibrosis and in metastatic liver cancer. These views are critically significant and first described in detail in this review. The main purpose of this review was to describe how DDRs act in premalignant and malignant liver diseases and their potential mechanisms through an in-depth summary of preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies. Our work aims to provide new ideas for cancer treatment and accelerate translation from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - De-Kui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Lin Y, Dong M, Liu Z, Xu M, Huang Z, Liu H, Gao Y, Zhou W. A strategy of vascular-targeted therapy for liver fibrosis. Hepatology 2022; 76:660-675. [PMID: 34940991 PMCID: PMC9543235 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS No effective treatments are available for liver fibrosis. Angiogenesis is deeply involved in liver fibrogenesis. However, current controversial results suggest it is difficult to treat liver fibrosis through vascular targeting. There are three different microvessels in liver: portal vessels, liver sinusoids, and central vessels. The changes and roles for each of the three different vessels during liver fibrogenesis are unclear. We propose that they play different roles during liver fibrogenesis, and a single vascular endothelial cell (EC) regulator is not enough to fully regulate these three vessels to treat liver fibrosis. Therefore, a combined regulation of multiple different EC regulatory signaling pathway may provide new strategies for the liver fibrosis therapy. Herein, we present a proof-of-concept strategy by combining the regulation of leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2)/tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like and epidermal growth factor-like domains 1 signaling with that of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/recombinant VEGF (rVEGF) signaling. APPROACH AND RESULTS The CCl4 -induced mouse liver fibrosis model and NASH model were both used. During fibrogenesis, vascular changes occurred at very early stage, and different liver vessels showed different changes and played different roles: decreased portal vessels, increased sinusoid capillarization and the increased central vessels the increase of portal vessels alleviates liver fibrosis, the increase of central vessels aggravates liver fibrosis, and the increase of sinusoid capillarization aggravates liver fibrosis. The combinational treatment of adeno-associated viral vector serotype 9 (AAV9)-LECT2-short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and rVEGF showed improved therapeutic effects, but it led to serious side effects. The combination of AAV9-LECT2-shRNA and bevacizumab showed both improved therapeutic effects and decreased side effects. CONCLUSIONS Liver vascular changes occurred at very early stage of fibrogenesis. Different vessels play different roles in liver fibrosis. The combinational treatment of AAV9-LECT2-shRNA and bevacizumab could significantly improve the therapeutic effects on liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lin
- Department of PathologyShunde HospitalSouthern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan)FoshanChina,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure ResearchDepartment of PathologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Meng‐Qi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure ResearchDepartment of PathologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhi‐Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure ResearchDepartment of PathologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal TumorNanfang HospitalFirst Clinical Medical CollegeSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhi‐Hao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure ResearchDepartment of PathologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hong‐Juan Liu
- Department of BioinformationSchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yi Gao
- General Surgery CenterDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery IIGuangdong ProvincialResearch Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue EngineeringGuangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial LiverInstitute of Regenerative MedicineZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Wei‐Jie Zhou
- Department of PathologyShunde HospitalSouthern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan)FoshanChina,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure ResearchDepartment of PathologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina,Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal TumorNanfang HospitalFirst Clinical Medical CollegeSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina,General Surgery CenterDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery IIGuangdong ProvincialResearch Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue EngineeringGuangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial LiverInstitute of Regenerative MedicineZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina,Microbiome Medicine CenterZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory)GuangzhouChina
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Urethral Tissue Reconstruction Using the Acellular Dermal Matrix Patch Modified with Collagen-Binding VEGF in Beagle Urethral Injury Models. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5502740. [PMID: 34692831 PMCID: PMC8536433 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5502740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Urethral tissue reconstruction for hypospadias is challenging for urologists. In this study, bovine acellular dermal matrix (ADM) patch loading with collagen-binding vascular endothelial growth factor (CBD-VEGF) was used to repair the urethral injury in beagles. Methods The safety and effectiveness of the scaffold implantation were carefully evaluated by comparing among the urethral injury control group, ADM implantation group, and ADM modified with CBD-VEGF implantation group during 6 months. Urodynamic examination, urethral angiography, and pathological examination were performed to evaluate the recovery of urethral tissue. Results Stricture, urethral diverticulum, and increased urethral closure pressure were observed in the control group. Fistula was observed in one animal in the ADM group. By contrast, no related complications or other adverse situations were observed in animals treated with ADM patch modified with CBD-VEGF. The average urethra diameter was significantly smaller in the control animals than in scaffold implantation groups. Pathological examination revealed more distribution of proliferative blood vessels in the animals treated with ADM modified with CBD-VEGF. Conclusions Overall, ADM patches modified with CBD-VEGF demonstrated an optimized tissue repair performance in a way to increase tissue angiogenesis and maintain urethral function without inducing severe inflammation and scar formation.
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Hussein KH, Park KM, Yu L, Kwak HH, Woo HM. Decellularized hepatic extracellular matrix hydrogel attenuates hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 116:111160. [PMID: 32806289 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis results from excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that distort the hepatic architecture. Progression of liver fibrosis results in cirrhosis and liver failure, and often, liver transplantation is required. The decellularized liver tissue contains different components that mimic the natural hepatic environment. We hypothesized that a decellularized liver hydrogel can be used to replace the necrotic hepatocytes and damaged ECM. Therefore, our aim in this study is to develop a therapy for treating liver fibrosis. Mice livers were decellularized and processed to form a hepatic hydrogel. We evaluated the biocompatibility and bioactivity of the hydrogel. The ability of the hydrogel to enhance the migration of hepatocytes and endothelial cells was investigated. Human hepatic stellate cell line (LX-2) activated by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) was used as in vitro model for fibrogenesis. Then, the hydrogel was injected into the liver parenchyma of mice after the induction of liver fibrosis using thioacetamide. The resulting hydrogel maintained a complex composition, which included glycosaminoglycans, collagen, elastin, and growth factors. Hepatocytes and endothelial cells were shown to migrate toward the hydrogel in vitro. Liver hydrogel improved TGF-β1-induced LX-2 cells activation via blocking the TGF-β1/Smad pathway. The matrix was delivered successfully in vivo and enhanced the reduction of fibrosis and recovery to a nearly normal structure. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that the liver hydrogel can be utilized as an injectable biomaterial for liver tissue engineering in order to reduce the degree of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal H Hussein
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Animal Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Kyung-Mee Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Lina Yu
- Stem Cell institute, College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Hyun Kwak
- Stem Cell institute, College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Heung-Myong Woo
- Stem Cell institute, College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Extracellular matrix-cell interactions: Focus on therapeutic applications. Cell Signal 2019; 66:109487. [PMID: 31778739 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) macromolecules together with a multitude of different molecules residing in the extracellular space play a vital role in the regulation of cellular phenotype and behavior. This is achieved via constant reciprocal interactions between the molecules of the ECM and the cells. The ECM-cell interactions are mediated via cell surface receptors either directly or indirectly with co-operative molecules. The ECM is also under perpetual remodeling process influencing cell-signaling pathways on its part. The fragmentation of ECM macromolecules provides even further complexity for the intricate environment of the cells. However, as long as the interactions between the ECM and the cells are in balance, the health of the body is retained. Alternatively, any dysregulation in these interactions can lead to pathological processes and finally to various diseases. Thus, therapeutic applications that are based on retaining normal ECM-cell interactions are highly rationale. Moreover, in the light of the current knowledge, also concurrent multi-targeting of the complex ECM-cell interactions is required for potent pharmacotherapies to be developed in the future.
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Tee JK, Ng LY, Koh HY, Leong DT, Ho HK. Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Enhance Leakiness and Drug Permeability in Primary Human Hepatic Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:E35. [PMID: 30577655 PMCID: PMC6337147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) represent the permeable interface that segregates the blood compartment from the hepatic cells, regulating hepatic vascular tone and portal pressure amidst changes in the blood flow. In the presence of pathological conditions, phenotypic changes in LSECs contribute to the progression of chronic liver diseases, including the loss of endothelial permeability. Therefore, modulating LSECs offers a possible way to restore sinusoidal permeability and thereby improve hepatic recovery. Herein, we showed that titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) could induce transient leakiness in primary human hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (HHSECs). Interestingly, HHSECs exposed to these NPs exhibited reduced protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation, an important protein kinase which regulates cell attachment. Using a 3D co-culture system, we demonstrated that TiO₂ NPs diminished the attachment of HHSECs onto normal human hepatic cell LO2. To further illustrate the significance of leakiness in liver sinusoids, we showed that NP-induced leakiness promoted Sunitinib transport across the HHSEC layer, resulting in increased drug uptake and efficacy. Hence, TiO₂ NPs have the potential to modulate endothelial permeability within the specialized sinusoidal endothelium, especially during events of fibrosis and occlusion. This study highlighted the possible use of inorganic NPs as a novel strategy to promote drug delivery targeting the diseased liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Kai Tee
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering, Centre for Life Sciences, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
| | - Li Yang Ng
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Hannah Yun Koh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - David Tai Leong
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering, Centre for Life Sciences, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
| | - Han Kiat Ho
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering, Centre for Life Sciences, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
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Zhang C, Tian X, Zhang K, Li GY, Wang HY, Wang JH. Protective effects of Foeniculum vulgare root bark extract against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:5722-5731. [PMID: 28883697 PMCID: PMC5569286 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i31.5722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the protective effects of Foeniculum vulgare root bark (FVRB), a traditional Uyghur medicine, against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice.
METHODS Mice were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 20 each). Except for the normal control group, mice in the rest groups were intraperitoneally injected (i.p.) with 0.1% CCl4-olive oil mixture at 10 mL/kg twice a week to induce liver fibrosis. After 4 wk, mice were treated concurrently with the 70% ethanol extract of FVRB (88, 176, 352 and 704 mg/kg, respectively) daily by oral gavage for 4 wk to evaluate its protective effects. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglyceride (TG), hexadecenoic acid (HA), laminin (LN), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver tissues were measured. Hematoxylin-eosin (H and E) staining and Masson trichrome (MT) staining were performed to assess histopathological changes in the liver. The expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), matrix metalloprotein 9 (MMP-9) and metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP-1) was detected by immunohistochemical analysis. Additionally, TGF-β1 and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein expression was measured by Western blot.
RESULTS A significant reduction in serum levels of AST, ALT, TG, HA and LN was observed in the FVRB-treated groups, suggesting that FVRB displayed hepatoprotective effects. Also, the depletion of GSH, SOD, and MDA accumulation in liver tissues was suppressed by FVRB. The expression of TGF-β1, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 determined by immunohistochemistry was markedly reduced in a dose-dependent manner by FVRB treatment. Furthermore, protective effects of FVRB against CCl4-induced liver injury were confirmed by histopathological studies. Protein expression of TGF-β1 and α-SMA detected by Western blot was decreased by FVRB treatment.
CONCLUSION Our results indicate that FVRB may be a promising agent against hepatic fibrosis and its possible mechanisms are inhibiting lipid peroxidation and reducing collagen formation in liver tissue of liver fibrosis mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xing Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Guo-Yu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Hang-Yu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jin-Hui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
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Thomson J, Hargrove L, Kennedy L, Demieville J, Francis H. Cellular crosstalk during cholestatic liver injury. LIVER RESEARCH 2017; 1:26-33. [PMID: 29552372 PMCID: PMC5854144 DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The functions of the liver are very diverse. From detoxifying blood to storing glucose in the form of glycogen and producing bile to facilitate fat digestion, the liver is a very active and important organ. The liver is comprised of many varied cell types whose functions are equally diverse. Cholangiocytes line the biliary tree and aid in transporting and adjusting the composition of bile as it travels to the gallbladder. Hepatic stellate cells and portal fibroblasts are located in different areas within the liver architecture, but both contribute to the development of fibrosis upon activation after liver injury. Vascular cells, including those that constitute the peribiliary vascular plexus, are involved in functions other than blood delivery to and from the liver, such as supporting the growth of the biliary tree during development. Mast cells are normally found in healthy livers but in very low numbers. However, after injury, mast cell numbers greatly increase as they infiltrate and release factors that exacerbate the fibrotic response. While not an all-inclusive list, these cells have individual roles within the liver, but they are also able to communicate with each other by cellular crosstalk. In this review, we examine some of these pathways that can lead to an increase in the homeostatic dysfunction seen in liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Thomson
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System, TX, USA
| | - Laura Hargrove
- Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System, TX, USA
- Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA
| | | | - Heather Francis
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System, TX, USA
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Baylor Scott & White Health, TX, USA
- Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA
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