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Oh J, Lee JS, Park MS, Kang YA, Cho HJ, Kim SY, Jung J, Yoon SO, Kim KW. Diagnosis of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia via Whole Exome Sequencing and Histologic Findings. Yonsei Med J 2024; 65:48-54. [PMID: 38154480 PMCID: PMC10774650 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2023.0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the diagnostic potential of whole-exome sequencing (WES) and elucidate the clinical and genetic characteristics of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) in the Korean population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-seven patients clinically suspected of having PCD were enrolled at a tertiary medical center. WES was performed in all patients, and seven patients received biopsy of cilia and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS Overall, PCD was diagnosed in 10 (21.3%) patients: eight by WES (8/47, 17%), four by TEM. Among patients diagnosed as PCD based on TEM results, two patients showed consistent results with WES and TEM of PCD (2/4, 50%). In addition, five patients, who were not included in the final PCD diagnosis group, had variants of unknown significance in PCD-related genes (5/47, 10.6%). The most frequent pathogenic (P)/likely pathogenic (LP) variants were detected in DNAH11 (n=4, 21.1%), DRC1 (n=4, 21.1%), and DNAH5 (n=4, 21.1%). Among the detected 17 P/LP variants in PCD-related genes in this study, 8 (47.1%) were identified as novel variants. Regarding the genotype-phenotype correlation in this study, the authors experienced severe PCD cases caused by the LP/P variants in MCIDAS, DRC1, and CCDC39. CONCLUSION Through this study, we were able to confirm the value of WES as one of the diagnostic tools for PCD, which increases with TEM, rather than single gene tests. These results will prove useful to hospitals with limited access to PCD diagnostic testing but with relatively efficient in-house or outsourced access to genetic testing at a pre-symptomatic or early disease stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Oh
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Sung Lee
- Center for Precision Medicine, Incheon Sejong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moo Suk Park
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ae Kang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung-Ju Cho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Song Yee Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinsei Jung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Och Yoon
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Shi Y, Lei Q, Han Q. Dual-allele heterozygous mutation of DNAH5 gene in a boy with primary ciliary dyskinesia: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36271. [PMID: 38206729 PMCID: PMC10754609 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE To analyze clinical and imaging features, ciliary structure and family gene mutation loci of a primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) boy with a dual-allele heterozygous mutation of DNAH5. PATIENT CONCERNS Clinical data of the proband and relatives. Electronic bronchoscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM) of the cilia and next-generation sequencing (NGS) were performed. PCD-related DNAH5 exon mutation sites were searched. DIAGNOSES A 10-year and 10-month-old boy was hospitalized due to "recurrent cough, expectoration, sputum and shortness of breathing after activity for over 7 years, and aggravated for 1 week." Moderate and fine wet rales were detected in bilateral lungs. Clubbing fingers and toes were observed. In local hospitals, he was diagnosed with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and Streptococcus pneumoniae was cultured. INTERVENTIONS Pulmonary function testing showed mixed ventilation dysfunction and positive for bronchial dilation test. Imaging examination and fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed transposition of all viscera, bilateral pneumonia, and bronchiectasis. TEM detected no loss of the outer dynein arms. NGS identified 2 mutations (c.4360C>T, c.9346C>T) in the DNAH5 gene inherited from healthy parents. OUTCOMES According to literature review until 2022, among 144 exon gene mutations causing amino acid changes, C>T mutation is the most common in 44 cases, followed by deletion mutations in 30 cases. Among the amino acid changes induced by gene mutation, terminated mutations were identified in 89 cases. LESSONS For suspected PCD patients, TEM and NGS should be performed. Prompt diagnosis and treatment may delay the incidence of bronchiectasis and improve clinical prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- Department of Respiratory, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qihong Lei
- Department of Respiratory, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Han
- Department of Respiratory, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Pereira R, Barbosa T, Cardoso AL, Sá R, Sousa M. Cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia: Similarities and differences. Respir Med 2023; 209:107169. [PMID: 36828173 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) and Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) are both rare chronic diseases, inherited disorders associated with multiple complications, namely respiratory complications, due to impaired mucociliary clearance that affect severely patients' lives. Although both are classified as rare diseases, PCD has a much lower prevalence than CF, particularly among Caucasians. As a result, CF is well studied, better recognized by clinicians, and with some therapeutic approaches already available. Whereas PCD is still largely unknown, and thus the approach is based on consensus guidelines, expert opinion, and extrapolation from the larger evidence base available for patients with CF. Both diseases have some clinical similarities but are very different, necessitating different treatment by specialists who are familiar with the complexities of each disease.This review aims to provide an overview of the knowledge about the two diseases with a focus on the similarities and differences between both in terms of disease mechanisms, common clinical manifestations, genetics and the most relevant therapeutic options. We hoped to raise clinical awareness about PCD, what it is, how it differs from CF, and how much information is still lacking. Furthermore, this review emphasises the fact that both diseases require ongoing research to find better treatments and, in particular for PCD, to fill the medical and scientific gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rute Pereira
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; UMIB-Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS-UP/ ITR-Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, UP, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Telma Barbosa
- UMIB-Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS-UP/ ITR-Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, UP, Porto, Portugal; Department of Pediatrics, Maternal Child Centre of the North (CMIN), University Hospital Centre of Porto (CHUP), Largo da Maternidade, 4050-371, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Lúcia Cardoso
- UMIB-Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS-UP/ ITR-Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, UP, Porto, Portugal; Department of Pediatrics, Maternal Child Centre of the North (CMIN), University Hospital Centre of Porto (CHUP), Largo da Maternidade, 4050-371, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rosália Sá
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; UMIB-Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS-UP/ ITR-Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, UP, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Mário Sousa
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; UMIB-Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS-UP/ ITR-Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, UP, Porto, Portugal.
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Xu Y, Feng G, Yano T, Masuda S, Nagao M, Gotoh S, Ikejiri M, Tanabe M, Takeuchi K. Characteristic genetic spectrum of primary ciliary dyskinesia in Japanese patients and global ethnic heterogeneity: population-based genomic variation database analysis. J Hum Genet 2023. [PMID: 36864285 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-023-01142-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a hereditary disease caused by pathogenic variants in genes associated with motile cilia. Some variants responsible for PCD are reported to be ethnic-specific or geographical-specific. To identify the responsible PCD variants of Japanese PCD patients, we performed next-generation sequencing of a panel of 32 PCD genes or whole-exome sequencing in 26 newly identified Japanese PCD families. We then combined their genetic data with those from 40 Japanese PCD families reported previously, for an overall analysis of 66 unrelated Japanese PCD families. We conducted Genome Aggregation Database and TogoVar database analyses to reveal the PCD genetic spectrum of the Japanese population and compare with other ethnic groups worldwide. We identified 22 unreported variants among the 31 patients in the 26 newly identified PCD families, including 17 deleterious variants estimated to cause lack of transcription or nonsense-mediated mRNA decay and 5 missense mutations. In all 76 PCD patients from the 66 Japanese families, we identified 53 variants on 141 alleles in total. Copy number variation in DRC1 is the most frequent variant in Japanese PCD patients, followed by DNAH5 c.9018C>T. We found 30 variants specific to the Japanese population, of which 22 are novel. Furthermore, 11 responsible variants in the Japanese PCD patients are common in East Asian populations, while some variants are more frequent in other ethnic groups. In conclusion, PCD is genetically heterogeneous between different ethnicities, and Japanese PCD patients have a characteristic genetic spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Guofei Feng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Taichi Yano
- Faculty of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Sawako Masuda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, National Hospital Organization Mie National Hospital, Tsu, Japan
| | - Mizuho Nagao
- Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Mie National Hospital, Tsu, Japan
| | - Shimpei Gotoh
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Ikejiri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Japan
| | - Masaki Tanabe
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takeuchi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
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Shin JH, Lee SM, Kim HH, Kim JK. Whole-genome Sequencing Reveals a Novel Structural Variant of CCDC39 in a Term Neonate with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia. Ann Lab Med 2022; 42:500-503. [PMID: 35177576 PMCID: PMC8859552 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2022.42.4.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hee Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Sae-Mi Lee
- GC Genome, GC Labs, Yongin, Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jin Kyu Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
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Analysis of the clinical features of Japanese patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia. Auris Nasus Larynx 2021; 49:248-257. [PMID: 34454779 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare hereditary disease. Most reports of PCD in Japan are case reports, and clinical analysis has not been performed. Differences in the causative genes might affect the clinical features in different ethnic groups. The purpose of this study was to clarify the clinical features of Japanese patients with PCD. METHODS We performed a retrospective chart review of PCD patients seen at Mie University Hospital and patients whose blood samples were sent to us for genetic analysis from 2011 to 2020. Data on the following items were collected and analyzed: age at first visit to the hospital, age at diagnosis of PCD, process of referral to our facility, chief complaint, situs status, PrImary CiliARy DyskinesiA Rule (PICADAR) score, nasal nitric oxide concentration, otoscopic findings, rhinoscopic findings, and paranasal computed tomography scan findings. RESULTS Sixty-seven patients (24 male, 43 female) were diagnosed with PCD during the study period. Age at diagnosis ranged from 2 months to 69 years (median, 17 years). Respiratory symptoms (77%) were the most common complaint, followed by nasal (15%) and aural (8%) symptoms. Situs inversus was present in 17 (25%) cases. Only 2 cases had congenital cardiac anomalies. The mean PICADAR score was 7.3 (range, 3-14) points. Approximately 50% of tympanic membranes showed retraction, suggesting otitis media with effusion. The mean Lund-Mackay score was 12.8 (range, 7-17) points, suggesting that the radiographic findings were not always severe. There was no significant difference in the total Lund-Mackay score between patients with and without situs inversus (12.7 vs. 12.6, respectively). CONCLUSION Situs inversus was present in 25% of Japanese PCD patients, which is much lower than observed in other countries. This is a result of differences in the major disease-causing genes. The general rule that "situs inversus is observed in approximately 50% of PCD patients" cannot be applied, at least, in Japanese PCD patients.
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A pediatric case of productive cough caused by novel variants in DNAH9. Hum Genome Var 2021; 8:3. [PMID: 33452233 PMCID: PMC7810879 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-020-00134-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first Japanese case of primary ciliary dyskinesia caused by DNAH9 variations. The patient, a 5-year-old girl, had repeated episodes of productive cough after contracting the common cold at the age of 1 year and 6 months. She did not have a situs abnormality or congenital heart defect. We identified two novel DNAH9 variants, NM_001372.3: c. [1298C>G];[5547_5550delTGAC], (p.[Ser433Cys];[Asp1850fs]).
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Sakamoto K, Nakajima M, Kawamura K, Nakamura E, Tada N, Kondo A, Arai H, Miyajima M. Ependymal ciliary motion and their role in congenital hydrocephalus. Childs Nerv Syst 2021; 37:3355-3364. [PMID: 33999288 PMCID: PMC8578171 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-021-05194-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Since a case of hydrocephalus in humans considered to be caused by ciliary dysfunction was first reported by Greenstone et al. in 1984, numerous papers on the correlation between ciliary function and hydrocephalus have been published. METHODS We reviewed the published literature on primary ciliary dyskinesia in humans causing hydrocephalus, focusing on articles specifically examining the relation between ciliary function and hydrocephalus and its treatment. In addition, the authors' experience is briefly discussed. RESULTS Full texts of 16 articles reporting cases of human hydrocephalus (including ventriculomegaly) due to defects in ependymal ciliary function or primary ciliary dyskinesia observed in clinical practice were extracted. In recent years, studies on animal models, especially employing knockout mice, have revealed genetic mutations that cause hydrocephalus via ciliary dysfunction. However, a few reports on the onset of hydrocephalus in human patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia have confirmed that the incidence of this condition was extremely low compared to that in animal models. CONCLUSION In humans, it is rare for hydrocephalus to develop solely because of abnormalities in the cilia, and it is highly likely that other factors are also involved along with ciliary dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Sakamoto
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Madoka Nakajima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Kaito Kawamura
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Eri Nakamura
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Laboratory of Disease Model Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiro Tada
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Laboratory of Disease Model Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihide Kondo
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Hajime Arai
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Masakazu Miyajima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Centre, Shinsuna Koto-ku, Tokyo, 136-0075 Japan
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He J, Li L, Yu Y, Hu X, Zhang H, Liu R, Wang R. Two mutations in the axonemal dynein heavy chain gene 5 in a Chinese asthenozoospermia patient: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20813. [PMID: 32664073 PMCID: PMC7360289 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As one of the most common causes of male infertility, asthenozoospermia mainly shows low sperm motility, accounting for 81.84% of male infertility patients. Recently, there has been a notable increase for relationship between genetic testing and asthenozoospermia. In this report, we design to provide clues to prove relationship between dynein heavy chain gene 5 (DNAH5) gene alterations and asthenozoospermia. This also provides a reference for patients to choose a reasonable treatment plan or genetic counseling to assist reproductive reproduction. PATIENTS CONCERN In the present study, we screened 143 patients with asthenozoospermia for variants in DNAH5 gene. We used high-throughput targeted gene sequencing technology and the data were assessed by bioinformatics analysis. DIAGNOSIS We found 1 of 143 asthenozoospermia patients was detected as carrying DNAH5 compound heterozygous variants (c.3502G>A and c.2578-11_2578-7del). OUTCOMES The variation c.2578-11_2578-7del was predicted in silico to not affect the splicing by HSF3. The variation c.3502G > A (p.E1168K) may cause disease by Mutationtaster software. They may contribute to a risk of male infertility in Chinese patients. CONCLUSIONS We discussed the possible association between mutations in DNAH5 and asthenospermia for the first time in Chinese people. If confirmed in larger samples and different races, this result was meaningful for a better diagnosis of asthenospermia patients.
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Takeuchi K, Xu Y, Kitano M, Chiyonobu K, Abo M, Ikegami K, Ogawa S, Ikejiri M, Kondo M, Gotoh S, Nagao M, Fujisawa T, Nakatani K. Copy number variation in DRC1 is the major cause of primary ciliary dyskinesia in the Japanese population. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1137. [PMID: 31960620 PMCID: PMC7057087 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic disorder caused by functional impairment of cilia throughout the body. The involvement of copy number variation (CNV) in the development of PCD is largely unknown. METHODS We examined 93 Japanese patients with clinically suspected PCD from 84 unrelated families. CNV was examined either by exome sequencing of a PCD gene panel or by whole-exome sequencing (WES). The identified alterations were validated by PCR and Sanger sequencing. Nasal ciliary ultrastructure was examined by electron microscopy. RESULTS Analysis of CNV by the panel or WES revealed a biallelic deletion in the dynein regulatory complex subunit 1 (DRC1) gene in 21 patients, which accounted for 49% of the PCD patients in whom a disease-causing gene was found. Sanger sequencing of the PCR product revealed a 27,748-bp biallelic deletion including exons 1-4 of DRC1 with identical breakpoints in all 21 patients. The ciliary ultrastructure of the patients with this CNV showed axonemal disorganization and the loss or gain of central microtubules. CONCLUSION The deletion of DRC1 is the major cause of PCD in Japan and this alteration can cause various ciliary ultrastructural abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Takeuchi
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyHead & Neck SurgeryMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuJapan
| | - Yifei Xu
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyHead & Neck SurgeryMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuJapan
| | - Masako Kitano
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyHead & Neck SurgeryMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuJapan
| | - Kazuki Chiyonobu
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyHead & Neck SurgeryMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuJapan
| | - Miki Abo
- Department of Respiratory MedicineKanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
| | - Koji Ikegami
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyGraduate School of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Satoru Ogawa
- Electron Microscopy Research CenterMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuJapan
| | - Makoto Ikejiri
- Department of Central LaboratoriesMie University HospitalTsuJapan
| | - Mitsuko Kondo
- Department of Respiratory MedicineTokyo Women's Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Shimpei Gotoh
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung DiseasesGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Mizuho Nagao
- Institute for Clinical ResearchNational Hospital Organization Mie National HospitalTsuJapan
| | - Takao Fujisawa
- Institute for Clinical ResearchNational Hospital Organization Mie National HospitalTsuJapan
| | - Kaname Nakatani
- Department of Genomic MedicineMie University HospitalTsuJapan
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Clinical and Genetic Analysis of Children with Kartagener Syndrome. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080900. [PMID: 31443223 PMCID: PMC6721662 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by dysfunction of motile cilia causing ineffective mucus clearance and organ laterality defects. In this study, two unrelated Portuguese children with strong PCD suspicion underwent extensive clinical and genetic assessments by whole-exome sequencing (WES), as well as ultrastructural analysis of cilia by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to identify their genetic etiology. These analyses confirmed the diagnostic of Kartagener syndrome (KS) (PCD with situs inversus). Patient-1 showed a predominance of the absence of the inner dynein arms with two disease-causing variants in the CCDC40 gene. Patient-2 showed the absence of both dynein arms and WES disclosed two novel high impact variants in the DNAH5 gene and two missense variants in the DNAH7 gene, all possibly deleterious. Moreover, in Patient-2, functional data revealed a reduction of gene expression and protein mislocalization in both genes' products. Our work calls the researcher's attention to the complexity of the PCD and to the possibility of gene interactions modelling the PCD phenotype. Further, it is demonstrated that even for well-known PCD genes, novel pathogenic variants could have importance for a PCD/KS diagnosis, reinforcing the difficulty of providing genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis to families.
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Orimo M, Kondo M, Takeyama K, Abe K, Miyoshi A, Honda N, Ichikawa A, Takeuchi K, Tagaya E. A Japanese Case of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia with DNAH5 Mutations. Intern Med 2019; 58:2383-2386. [PMID: 31118369 PMCID: PMC6746640 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1961-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A 33-year-old woman presented with a productive cough from childhood. She had suffered from repeated bacterial pneumonia. Her clinical and imaging findings revealed chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis and situs inversus. We suspected primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) and performed a bronchial mucosal biopsy. The ciliary beat pattern according to high-speed video microscopy was complete loss. Electron microscopic findings of cilia showed defect of outer dynein arm (ODA). A genetic examination detected compound heterozygous mutations of DNAH5 that encode ODA components. There are few reports of genetic mutation analyses in Japanese PCD patients. We herein report a PCD patient with DNAH5 mutations and review the related literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Orimo
- First Department of Medicine Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Kondo
- First Department of Medicine Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takeyama
- First Department of Medicine Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Abe
- First Department of Medicine Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Azusa Miyoshi
- First Department of Medicine Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Nahoko Honda
- First Department of Medicine Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Asuka Ichikawa
- First Department of Medicine Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takeuchi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Etsuko Tagaya
- First Department of Medicine Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
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Lee NW, Jeong JE, Jang YY, Chung HL. A novel compound heterozygous mutation in DNAH5 in a Korean neonate with primary ciliary dyskinesia. ALLERGY ASTHMA & RESPIRATORY DISEASE 2019. [DOI: 10.4168/aard.2019.7.3.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na-Won Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Jeong
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yoon Young Jang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hai Lee Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
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Yang L, Banerjee S, Cao J, Bai X, Peng Z, Chen H, Huang H, Han P, Feng S, Yi N, Song X, Wu J. Compound Heterozygous Variants in the Coiled-Coil Domain Containing 40 Gene in a Chinese Family with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Cause Extreme Phenotypic Diversity in Cilia Ultrastructure. Front Genet 2018; 9:23. [PMID: 29456554 PMCID: PMC5801289 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic disorder manifested with recurrent infections of respiratory tract and infertility. Mutations in more than 20 genes including the Coiled-Coil Domain Containing 40 (CCDC40) gene are associated with PCD. A Chinese proband with a clinical diagnosis of PCD was analyzed for mutations in these genes to identify the genetic basis of the disease in the family. The proband showed altered mucociliary clearance of the airways, various degree of hyperemia and edema of the mucous membrane, left/right body asymmetry, infertility and ultrastructural abnormality of cilia in both sperm and bronchioles. Methods: The DNA from the proband was analyzed for genetic variation in a subset of genes known to cause PCD using targeted next generation sequencing in order to understand the molecular and genetic basis of the PCD in present family. The result of targeted next generation sequencing has been validated by Sanger sequencing and q-PCR. Results: Targeted next-generation sequencing identified two novel mutations (c.1259delA and EX17_20 deletion) in CCDC40 gene that causes abnormal CCDC40 mRNA expression. These two novel variants cause disorganization of axoneme filaments, which resulted in reduction of sperm motility and phenotypic diversity in ultrastructure of cilia in the proband. Conclusion: These findings highlight the significance of the mutations in CCDC40 as novel candidates for genetic testing in PCD patients as well as the key role of ICSI treatment for the families affected by this ciliary dysmotility. Our findings showed that our work enriched the performance of cilia ultrastructure which were not previously reported in PCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Jie Cao
- Department of Respiratory, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohong Bai
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhijun Peng
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Haixia Chen
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Huang
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Han
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Na Yi
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xueru Song
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Wu
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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Damseh N, Quercia N, Rumman N, Dell SD, Kim RH. Primary ciliary dyskinesia: mechanisms and management. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2017; 10:67-74. [PMID: 29033599 PMCID: PMC5614735 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s127129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia is a genetically heterogeneous disorder of motile cilia that is predominantly inherited in an autosomal-recessive fashion. It is associated with abnormal ciliary structure and/or function leading to chronic upper and lower respiratory tract infections, male infertility, and situs inversus. The estimated prevalence of primary ciliary dyskinesia is approximately one in 10,000-40,000 live births. Diagnosis depends on clinical presentation, nasal nitric oxide, high-speed video-microscopy analysis, transmission electron microscopy, genetic testing, and immunofluorescence. Here, we review its clinical features, diagnostic methods, molecular basis, and available therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nada Quercia
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nisreen Rumman
- Pediatric Department, Makassed Hospital, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Sharon D Dell
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children
| | - Raymond H Kim
- Fred A Litwin Family Centre in Genetic Medicine, University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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A targeted next-generation sequencing panel reveals novel mutations in Japanese patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia. Auris Nasus Larynx 2017; 45:585-591. [PMID: 28939216 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic disorder caused by functional impairment of cilia throughout the body. The early diagnosis of PCD is important for the prevention of long-term sequelae; however, this is often challenging because of the phenotypic heterogeneity of PCD and difficulty in genetic analysis. The majority of PCD patients in Japan are not diagnosed properly. To diagnose PCD more accurately, we developed a targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel. METHODS We examined 46 patients (age range, 1-64 years; 23 male and 23 female) who were clinically suspected of PCD. First, mutation hotspots in DNAH5 and DNAI1 were sequenced by the Sanger method. Next, exome sequencing was performed in 32 known PCD genes using our novel NGS panel with the Ion Torrent PGM system. Variant annotation was generated by Ion Reporter Version 5.0 (Life Technologies). Mutations found in the panel were validated by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS Disease-causing gene mutations were found in 10 patients from 7 families: DNAH5 in 4 families, and DNAI1, CCDC40, and RSPH4A in 1 family each. Heterozygous mutations were found in 1 patient. The majority of the mutations found in the present analysis were novel. CONCLUSION Japanese PCD patients have novel mutations in cilia-related genes. This targeted NGS panel can identify disease-causing mutations in patients with PCD.
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