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Song W, Yong Y, Zhou Y, Lu L, Yu G, Tang W, Wang J, Guo J, Li L, Zhang L, Song J. Activation of P2X4 receptors in midbrain cerebrospinal fluid-contacting nucleus leads to mechanical hyperalgesia in chronic constriction injury rats. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:481-487. [PMID: 36529845 PMCID: PMC10539240 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09911-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a refractory pain state, and its mechanism is still not clear. Previous studies have shown that the purine receptor P2X4R expressed on hyperactive microglia in the spinal cord is essential for the occurrence and development of neuropathic pain. The cerebrospinal fluid-contacting nucleus (CSF-contacting nucleus) in the midbrain has been found to play an important role in the descending inhibition system of modulation. However, there have been no studies on P2X4R in the CSF-contacting nucleus involved in neuropathic pain. To investigate whether P2X4R is expressed in the CSF-contacting nucleus and whether its expression in the CSF-contacting nucleus is involved in the regulation of neuropathic pain, we used a model of chronic sciatic nerve ligation injury (CCI) to simulate neuropathic pain conditions. Immunohistochemistry experiments were conducted to identify the expression of P2X4R in the CSF-contacting nuclei in CCI rats, and western blot analysis showed a significant increase in P2X4R levels 7 days after modeling. Then, we packaged a P2rx4 gene-targeting shRNA in scAAV9 to knock down the P2X4R level in the CSF-contacting nucleus, and we found that CCI-induced mechanical hyperalgesia was reversed. In conclusion, P2X4R expressed in the CSF-contacting nucleus is involved in the process of neuropathic pain, and downregulating P2X4R protein in the CSF-contacting nucleus can reverse the occurrence and development of hyperalgesia, which could represent a potent therapeutic strategy for neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated With Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Yong
- Research Institute of Acupuncture Anesthesia, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated With Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yalan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated With Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyue Lu
- Research Institute of Acupuncture Anesthesia, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated With Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guijie Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated With Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated With Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated With Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated With Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated With Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Licai Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, No.209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiangang Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated With Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
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Xu LL, Yan Y, Yuan YM, Li Y, Jiang J, Zhang LC. TRPV1 and GABAB1 in the Cerebrospinal Fluid-Contacting Nucleus are Jointly Involved in Chronic Inflammatory Pain in Rats. J Pain Res 2022; 15:3931-3939. [DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s385810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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A Study on THE Mechanism of Electroacupuncture to Alleviate Visceral Pain and NGF Expression. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:3755439. [PMID: 36275969 PMCID: PMC9586762 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3755439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Visceral pain is unbearable, and natural methods are needed to relieve it. Electroacupuncture is a relatively new technique that helps relieve visceral pain by improving blood circulation and providing energy to clogged parts of the body. However, its analgesic effect and mechanism in colorectal pain are still unknown. In this study, the visceral pain models of electroacupuncture in rats were compared and discussed, using nanocomponents to stimulate the expression and mechanism of the nerve growth factor in colorectal pain and electroacupuncture and to observe the expression and mechanism of nerve growth factor in visceral pain relief rats induced by nanocomponents and electroacupuncture. The results show that nanocomponents can effectively relieve visceral pain under the action of electroacupuncture. NGF can activate endogenous proliferation, migration, differentiation, and integration. NSC can promote nerve regeneration and recovery after injury.
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Song SY, Li YH, Bao CY, Li Y, Yin PC, Hong J, Li WL, Shi Y, Zhang LC. Stereotaxic Coordinates and Morphological Characterization of a Unique Nucleus (CSF-Contacting Nucleus) in Rat. Front Neuroanat 2019; 13:47. [PMID: 31143102 PMCID: PMC6520827 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2019.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A unique nucleus, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting nucleus, has recently been recognized in the brain parenchyma. The outstanding feature of this nucleus is that the neural somas are located in the parenchyma, but their processes stretch into the CSF, implying that it may be a key structure bridging the nervous and body fluids-regulating systems and may play a pivotal role in modulating physiological activities. However, the true biological significance of this nucleus needs to be uncovered. The morphology of a nucleus is one of the most important parameters for neuroscience studies. For this reason, a common experimental animal, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, was chosen. The position, adjacent structures, neuronal distribution, size, three-dimensional reconstruction, and core coordinates of the CSF-contacting nucleus in SD rats of different weights (90–400 g) were illustrated for the first time. Furthermore, the formulas for calculating the core coordinates of the CSF-contacting nucleus in rats of different weights were revealed. Finally, the possible biological functions uncovered by past research are reviewed in this paper. This study provides an indispensable methodology and a significant reference for researchers interested in this unique nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Song
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yue-Hao Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Yi Bao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Yin
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jia Hong
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wan-Lin Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Li-Cai Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Song SY, Zhang LC. The Establishment of a CSF-Contacting Nucleus "Knockout" Model Animal. Front Neuroanat 2018; 12:22. [PMID: 29636668 PMCID: PMC5881085 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To establish an entirely cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting nucleus-deficient model animal, we used cholera toxin B subunit (CB)- saporin (SAP), which is an analog of CB-HRP that specifically labels the CSF-contacting nucleus, to exclusively damage the nucleus. The effectiveness and specificity of the ablation were evaluated upon days 1-10 after CB-SAP microinjection into the brain ventricular system. The vital status, survival, and common physiological parameters of the model animals were also assessed during the experimental period. The results demonstrated that CB-SAP damaged only the CSF-contacting nucleus, but not other functional structures, in the brain. The complete ablation occurred by day 7 after CB-SAP microinjection. A model animal that had no CSF-contacting nucleus was established after survival beyond that time point. No obvious effects were observed in the vital status of the model animals, and their survival was ensured. The common physiological parameters of model animals were stable. The present study provides a method to establish a CSF-contacting nucleus "knockout" model animal, which is similar to a gene knockout model animal for studying this particular nucleus in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Song
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Li-Cai Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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