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Wang L, Zhang Z, Wang H. Naringin attenuates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress. Transl Neurosci 2021; 12:190-197. [PMID: 34046215 PMCID: PMC8134799 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This investigation was carried out with an aim of exploring neuroprotection by naringin (Nar) in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CI/R) injury and its mechanism. Methods Rats were grouped into ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), sham operation (Sham), nimodipine control (NIM), and different doses of Nar (Nar-L, Nar-M, Nar-H) groups. With Zea Longa score for assessment of neurological deficits, dry and wet method for measurement of brain tissue water content, and (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride) TTC staining for determination of cerebral infarction volume, the related parameters were obtained and compared. Subsequently, ELISA was introduced to detect levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-8) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) in the serum as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) activities in brain tissue. Western blot was applied to evaluate endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related proteins expression, including glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), caspase-12, and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF-6). Results Nar significantly alleviated nerve injury and decreased brain tissue water content and brain infraction volume in CI/R injury rats in a concentration-dependent manner. Reduction of TNF-α, IL-8 as well as MDA content and elevation of IL-10 as well as SOD activity were confirmed to be caused by Nar treatment in a concentration-dependent manner. Meanwhile, ERS-related proteins also markedly decreased in the Nar groups. Conclusion Nar may achieve neuroprotection and alleviation of CI/R injury by anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and inhibiting ERS, and its efficacy is concentration-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310002, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- Department of Radiology, Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
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Neuroprotective Effects of Salicin in a Gerbil Model of Transient Forebrain Ischemia by Attenuating Oxidative Stress and Activating PI3K/Akt/GSK3β Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040629. [PMID: 33924188 PMCID: PMC8074613 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salicin is a major natural compound of willow bark and displays diverse beneficial biological properties, such as antioxidant activity. However, little information available for the neuroprotective potential of salicin against ischemic brain injury has been reported. Thus, this study was performed to investigate the neuroprotective potential of salicin against ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury and its mechanisms in the hippocampus using a gerbil model of 5-min transient ischemia (TI) in the forebrain, in which a massive loss (death) of pyramidal neurons cells occurred in the subfield Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) among the hippocampal subregions (CA1-3) at 5 days after TI. To examine neuroprotection by salicin, gerbils were pretreated with salicin alone or together with LY294002, which is a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, once daily for 3 days before TI. Treatment with 20 mg/kg of salicin significantly protected CA1 pyramidal neurons against the ischemic injury. Treatment with 20 mg/kg of salicin significantly reduced the TI-induced increase in superoxide anion generation and lipid peroxidation in the CA1 pyramidal neurons after TI. The treatment also reinstated the TI-induced decrease in superoxide dismutases (SOD1 and SOD2), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the CA1 pyramidal cells after TI. Moreover, salicin treatment significantly elevated the levels of phosphorylation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β), which is a major downstream target of PI3K, in the ischemic CA1. Notably, the neuroprotective effect of salicin was abolished by LY294002. Taken together, these findings clearly indicate that salicin protects against ischemic brain injury by attenuating oxidative stress and activating the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway.
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Park YE, Noh Y, Kim DW, Lee TK, Ahn JH, Kim B, Lee JC, Park CW, Park JH, Kim JD, Kim YM, Kang IJ, Lee JW, Kim SS, Won MH. Experimental pretreatment with YES-10 ®, a plant extract rich in scutellarin and chlorogenic acid, protects hippocampal neurons from ischemia/reperfusion injury via antioxidant role. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:183. [PMID: 33488792 PMCID: PMC7812581 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Erigeron annuus (L.) PERS. (EALP) and Clematis mandshurica RUPR. (CMR) have been used in traditional remedies due to their medicinal effects. Recently, we reported that pretreatment with 200 mg/kg of YES-10® (a combination of extracts from leaves of EALP and CMR) displayed neuroprotective effects against brain ischemia and reperfusion injury. The present study analyzed the major ingredients of YES-10® and investigated whether neuroprotection from YES-10® was dependent upon antioxidant effects in the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) field in the gerbil hippocampus, after transient forebrain ischemia for 5 min. YES-10® was demonstrated to predominantly contain scutellarin and chlorogenic acid. Pretreatment with YES-10® significantly increased protein levels and the immunoreactivity of copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and manganese-superoxide dismutase (SOD2) was in the pyramidal neurons of the hippocampal CA1 field when these were examined prior to transient ischemia induction. The increased SODs in CA1 pyramidal neurons following YES-10® treatment were maintained after ischemic injury. In this case, the CA1 pyramidal neurons were protected from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Oxidative stress was significantly attenuated in the CA1 pyramidal neurons, and this was determined by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal immunohistochemistry and dihydroethidium histofluorescence staining. Taken together, the results indicated that YES-10® significantly attenuated transient ischemia-induced oxidative stress and may be utilized for developing a protective agent against ischemic insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Eun Park
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoohun Noh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Neurology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.,Famenity Co., Ltd., Uiwang, Gyeonggi 16006, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangnung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Youngsan University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50510, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Woo Park
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Dai Kim
- Division of Food Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Lee
- Famenity Co., Ltd., Uiwang, Gyeonggi 16006, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Su Kim
- Famenity Co., Ltd., Uiwang, Gyeonggi 16006, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Shao Y, Sun Y, Li D, Chen Y. Chrysanthemum indicum L.: A Comprehensive Review of its Botany, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:871-897. [PMID: 32431180 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chrysanthemum indicum L. (C. indicum L.), a member of the Compositae family, is a perennial plant that has been used as a traditional medicine for more than 2000 years in China and is widely used for the treatment of Pemphigus, swelling, pain, and scrofula. To date, more than 190 chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from this plant, including flavonoids, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, and phenolic acids. Numerous modern studies have shown that extracts or monomeric compounds from C. indicum L. have several pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory anti-oxidation, antipathogenic microorganism, anticancer, immune regulation, and hepatoprotective effects. However, resource availability, the research on the mechanism, and quality control are still insufficient, which deserves further efforts. In this paper, the advances in botany, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of C. indicum L were reviewed. We hope that this review can provide important information for traditional Chinese medicine, phytochemistry, synthetic and medicinal chemistry researchers for making full use of C. indicum L. resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhao Shao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, P. R. China
| | - Yunda Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, P. R. China
| | - Ding Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yiping Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, P. R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Treating High-Incidence Infectious Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Nanning 530200, P. R. China
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5
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YES-10, A Combination of Extracts from Clematis mandshurica RUPR. and Erigeron annuus (L.) PERS., Prevents Ischemic Brain Injury in A Gerbil Model of Transient Forebrain Ischemia. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9020154. [PMID: 31991860 PMCID: PMC7076646 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
: Clematis mandshurica RUPR. (CMR) and Erigeron annuus (L.) PERS. (EALP) have pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory activity and been used in traditional medicines in Asia. However, neuroprotective effects of CMR and/or EALP extracts against brain ischemic insults have never been addressed. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine neuroprotective effects of YES-10, a combination of extracts from CMR and EALP (combination ratio, 1:1), in the hippocampus following ischemia/reperfusion in gerbils. Protection of neurons was investigated by cresyl violet staining, fluoro-jade B histofluorescence staining and immunohistochemistry for neuronal nuclei. In addition, attenuation of gliosis was studied by immunohistochemistry for astrocytic and microglial markers. Treatments with 50 or 100 mg/kg YES-10 failed to protect neurons in the hippocampus after ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, administration of 200 mg/kg YES-10 protected neurons from ischemia/reperfusion injury and attenuated reactive gliosis. These findings strongly suggest that a combination of extracts from CMR and EALP can be used as a prevention approach/drug against brain ischemic damage.
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Pre-Treatment with Laminarin Protects Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons and Attenuates Reactive Gliosis Following Transient Forebrain Ischemia in Gerbils. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18010052. [PMID: 31940961 PMCID: PMC7024340 DOI: 10.3390/md18010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient brain ischemia triggers selective neuronal death/loss, especially in vulnerable regions of the brain including the hippocampus. Laminarin, a polysaccharide originating from brown seaweed, has various pharmaceutical properties including an antioxidant function. To the best of our knowledge, few studies have been conducted on the protective effects of laminarin against ischemic injury induced by ischemic insults. In this study, we histopathologically investigated the neuroprotective effects of laminarin in the Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) field of the hippocampus, which is very vulnerable to ischemia-reperfusion injury, following transient forebrain ischemia (TFI) for five minutes in gerbils. The neuroprotective effect was examined by cresyl violet staining, Fluoro-Jade B histofluorescence staining and immunohistochemistry for neuronal-specific nuclear protein. Additionally, to study gliosis (glial changes), we performed immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein to examine astrocytes, and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 to examine microglia. Furthermore, we examined alterations in pro-inflammatory M1 microglia by using double immunofluorescence. Pretreatment with 10 mg/kg laminarin failed to protect neurons in the hippocampal CA1 field and did not attenuate reactive gliosis in the field following TFI. In contrast, pretreatment with 50 or 100 mg/kg laminarin protected neurons, attenuated reactive gliosis and reduced pro-inflammatory M1 microglia in the CA1 field following TFI. Based on these results, we firmly propose that 50 mg/kg laminarin can be strategically applied to develop a preventative against injuries following cerebral ischemic insults.
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Qin Y, Zhang Q, Liu Y. Analysis of knowledge bases and research focuses of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion from the perspective of mapping knowledge domain. Brain Res Bull 2019; 156:15-24. [PMID: 31843561 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) has attracted wide attention as a serious clinical problem. So far, the field has accumulated a large amount of scientific research literature. To clarify the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of research resources, knowledge bases and research focuses, a visual analysis was performed on 5814 articles cited in the WoS databases from 2004 to 2019. This analysis was based on bibliometrics and mapping knowledge domain (MKD) analysis with VOSviewer, and CiteSpace 5.4.R4. The results can be elaborated from four aspects. First, the volume of publications in this area is on the rise. Second, the United States and China are the active regions. The USA is the central region of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion research. Third, the knowledge bases of IR have focused on five major areas of "Suitable small-animal models", "A framework with further study", "Molecular signaling targets by oxidative stress", "Finding new potential targets for therapy" and "Protective effect of multiple transient ischemia". Fourth, the research focuses consist of three representative areas: "Oxidative stress closelyd with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion", "Neuronal apoptosis and neuronal protection", and "Neuroprotective effect of the blood-brain barrier".
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qin
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- No.4 Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277000
| | - Yaru Liu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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8
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Lee TK, Park JH, Ahn JH, Kim H, Song M, Lee JC, Kim JD, Jeon YH, Choi JH, Lee CH, Hwang IK, Yan BC, Won MH, Kang IJ. Pretreatment of Populus tomentiglandulosa protects hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons from ischemia-reperfusion injury in gerbils via increasing SODs expressions and maintaining BDNF and IGF-I expressions. Chin J Nat Med 2019; 17:424-434. [PMID: 31262455 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(19)30050-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To examine the effects of Populus tomentiglandulosa (PT) extract on the expressions of antioxidant enzymes and neurotrophic factors in the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) region of the hippocampus at 5 min after inducing transient global cerebral ischemia (TGCI) in gerbils, TGCI was induced by occlusion of common carotid arteries for 5 min. Before ischemic surgery, 200 mg·kg-1 PT extract was orally administrated once daily for 7 d. We performed neuronal nuclear antigen immunohistochemistry and Fluoro-Jade B staining. Furthermore, we determined in situ production of superoxide anion radical, expression levels of SOD1 and SOD2 as antioxidant enzymes and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) as neurotrophic factors. Pretreatment with 200 mg·kg-1 PT extract prevented neuronal death (loss). Furthermore, pretreatment with 200 mg·kg-1 PT extract significantly inhibited the production of superoxide anion radical, increased expressions of SODs and maintained expressions of BDNF and IGF-I. Such increased expressions of SODs were maintained in the neurons after IRI. In summary, pretreated PT extract can significantly increase levels of SODs and protect the neurons against TGCI, suggesting that PT can be a useful natural agent to protect against TGCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Minah Song
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Dai Kim
- Division of Food Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hwan Jeon
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24289, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Choi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Hyun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bing-Chun Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese, Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Il Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea.
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Yan BC, Wang J, Rui Y, Cao J, Xu P, Jiang D, Zhu X, Won MH, Bo P, Su P. Neuroprotective Effects of Gabapentin Against Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion-Induced Neuronal Autophagic Injury via Regulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathways. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 78:157-171. [PMID: 30597043 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nly119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gabapentin (GBP), an analgesic, adjunct antiepileptic, and migraine prophylactic drug, reduces neuronal injury induced by cerebral ischemia reperfusion (IR). However, the underlying biological molecular mechanism of GBP neuroprotection is not clear. In this study, we confirmed that dose-dependent (75 and 150 mg/kg) GBP treatment could significantly reduce IR-induced neuronal death. IR-induced neuronal death was inhibited by pretreatment with 150 mg/kg GBP in a middle cerebral artery occlusion rat model. In addition, 150 mg/kg GBP treatment remarkably promoted the levels of antioxidants and reduced the autophagy of neurons in the infarct penumbra. Moreover, the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway was activated by pretreatment with 150 mg/kg GBP, as detected by Western blot analyses. In vitro, pretreatment of PC12 cells with 450 µM GBP significantly reduced cell death induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation, increased antioxidant function, and reduced the levels of autophagy and reactive oxygen species via activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. This neuroprotection by GBP was inhibited significantly by 10 µM LY294002. In summary, dose-dependent pretreatment with GBP protected against cerebral IR injury via activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, which provided a neuroprotective function to inhibit oxidative stress-related neuronal autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Chun Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical college of Yangzhou University.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou University.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical college of Yangzhou University.,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanggang Rui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical college of Yangzhou University
| | - Jianwen Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical college of Yangzhou University
| | - Pei Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical college of Yangzhou University
| | - Dan Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical college of Yangzhou University
| | - Xiaolu Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical college of Yangzhou University
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ping Bo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical college of Yangzhou University
| | - Peiqing Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical college of Yangzhou University
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Lee TK, Kim H, Song M, Lee JC, Park JH, Ahn JH, Yang GE, Kim H, Ohk TG, Shin MC, Cho JH, Won MH. Time-course pattern of neuronal loss and gliosis in gerbil hippocampi following mild, severe, or lethal transient global cerebral ischemia. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1394-1403. [PMID: 30964065 PMCID: PMC6524495 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.253524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient ischemia in the whole brain leads to neuronal loss/death in vulnerable brain regions. The striatum, neocortex and hippocampus selectively loose specific neurons after transient ischemia. Just 5 minutes of transient ischemia can cause pyramidal neuronal death in the hippocampal cornu ammonis (CA) 1 field at 4 days after transient ischemia. In this study, we investigated the effects of 5-minute (mild), 15-minute (severe), and 20-minute (lethal) transient ischemia by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) on behavioral change and neuronal death and gliosis (astrocytosis and microgliosis) in gerbil hippocampal subregions (CA1–3 region and dentate gyrus). We performed spontaneous motor activity test to evaluate gerbil locomotor activity, cresyl violet staining to detect cellular distribution, neuronal nuclei immunohistochemistry to detect neuronal distribution, and Fluoro-Jade B histofluorescence to evaluate neuronal death. We also conducted immunohistochemical staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) to evaluate astrocytosis and microgliosis, respectively. Animals subjected to 20-minute BCCAO died in at least 2 days. BCCAO for 15 minutes led to pyramidal cell death in hippocampal CA1–3 region 2 days later and granule cell death in hippocampal dentate gyrus 5 days later. Similar results were not found in animals subjected to 5-minute BCCAO. Gliosis was much more rapidly and severely progressed in animals subjected to 15-minute BCCAO than in those subjected to 5-minute BCCAO. Our results indicate that neuronal loss in the hippocampal formation following transient ischemia is significantly different according to regions and severity of transient ischemia. The experimental protocol was approved by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (AICUC) of Kangwon National University (approval No. KW-180124-1) on May 22, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minah Song
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Go Eun Yang
- Department of Radiology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungju Hospital, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju Chungcheongbuk; Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Geun Ohk
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Cheol Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hwi Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
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