1
|
Ma Q, Ye S, Liu H, Zhao Y, Zhang W. The emerging role and mechanism of HMGA2 in breast cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:259. [PMID: 38753081 PMCID: PMC11098884 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05785-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
High mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) is a member of the non-histone chromosomal high mobility group (HMG) protein family, which participate in embryonic development and other biological processes. HMGA2 overexpression is associated with breast cancer (BC) cell growth, proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance. Furthermore, HMGA2 expression is positively associated with poor prognosis of patients with BC, and inhibiting HMGA2 signaling can stimulate BC cell progression and metastasis. In this review, we focus on HMGA2 expression changes in BC tissues and multiple BC cell lines. Wnt/β-catenin, STAT3, CNN6, and TRAIL-R2 proteins are upstream mediators of HMGA2 that can induce BC invasion and metastasis. Moreover, microRNAs (miRNAs) can suppress BC cell growth, invasion, and metastasis by inhibiting HMGA2 expression. Furthermore, long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) and circular RNAs (CircRNAs) mainly regulate HMGA2 mRNA and protein expression levels by sponging miRNAs, thereby promoting BC development. Additionally, certain small molecule inhibitors can suppress BC drug resistance by reducing HMGA2 expression. Finally, we summarize findings demonstrating that HMGA2 siRNA and HMGA2 siRNA-loaded nanoliposomes can suppress BC progression and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ma
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sisi Ye
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Liu
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Emergency Department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu Y, Lv G, Bai J, Song L, Ding E, Liu L, Tian Y, Chen Q, Li K, Liu X, Ding Y. Effects of HMGA2 on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related genes in ACHN renal cell carcinoma cells-derived xenografts in nude mice. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:421. [PMID: 35439951 PMCID: PMC9016978 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09537-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The architectural transcriptional regulator high-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) is an oncofetal protein which has been reported to be ectopically expressed in a variety of cancers. A high expression of HMGA2 in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is related with tumor invasiveness and poor prognosis. Recent in vitro studies have shown that HMGA2 knockdown was able to decrease cell proliferation and migration, and regulate the gene expression related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Methods To understand the HMGA2’s effect in vivo, HMGA2 expression was knocked down in ACHN cells using small hairpin RNA (shRNA), then the HMGA2-deficient ACHN cells were xenografted into the BALB/c nude mice. Tumor growth was monitored and the expression of EMT-related genes was analyzed. Results HMGA2 expression was confirmed to be knocked down in the cultured and xenografted ACHN cells. The xenograft tumor of HMGA2-deficient cells demonstrated a retarded growth pattern compared with the control. The expression of E-cadherin was increased, whereas N-cadherin and Snail were decreased in the HMGA2-deficient xenograft tumors. Conclusions In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time, we have successfully developed an in vivo experiment using HMGA2-silencing ACHN cells to be grown as xenografts in nude mice. Our findings show that HMGA2 deficiency was sufficient to suppress the xenograft tumor growth in vivo, which support our hypothesis that HMGA2-induced renal carcinogenesis occurs at least in part through the regulation of tumor associated EMT genes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09537-w.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China.
| | - Guangyao Lv
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Jianxin Bai
- Department of Intervention, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lingling Song
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Elizabeth Ding
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Lin Liu
- Navy Qingdao Special Care Center, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yuqin Tian
- Department of Surgical Operations, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Xianfeng Liu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Ding
- The Institute for Translational Medicine Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China. .,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen Q, Fu Q, Pu L, Liu X, Liu Y. Effects of HMGA2 gene silencing on cell cycle and apoptosis in the metastatic renal carcinoma cell line ACHN. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221075511. [PMID: 35118889 PMCID: PMC8819771 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221075511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the role of high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) in the
regulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis. Methods The renal carcinoma cell line ACHN was transiently transfected with small
interfering RNA to knock down the expression of the HMGA2
gene. Cell cycle analysis was undertaken using flow cytometry. The mRNA and
protein levels of HMGA2, E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1), cyclin D1,
cyclin dependent kinase 6 (CDK6), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), caspase-3 and
caspase-9 were analysed using reverse transcription quantitative real-time
polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Results The mRNA and protein levels of HMGA2 were significantly higher in renal
carcinoma cell lines compared with the human renal proximal tubular
epithelial cell line HKC. After HMGA2 gene-specific
silencing, more cells entered the G0/G1 phase, while
fewer cells entered the G2/M phase; and the cells exhibited early
and late apoptosis. HMGA2 gene-specific silencing
significantly reduced the mRNA and protein levels of E2F1, cyclin D1, CDK6
and Bcl-2; and increased the mRNA and protein levels of caspase-3 and
caspase-9. Conclusion The HMGA2 gene may be involved in the tumorigenesis and
development of renal cancer, thus inhibiting HMGA2 gene
expression might provide a potential therapeutic target in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ying Liu
- Ying Liu, Department of Urology Surgery,
The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, 6 Jiefang Street,
Zhongshan District, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lin J, Chen X, Yu H, Min S, Chen Y, Li Z, Xie X. NUF2 Drives Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma by Activating HMGA2 Transcription through KDM2A-mediated H3K36me2 Demethylation. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:3621-3635. [PMID: 35813477 PMCID: PMC9254462 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.70972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The poor sensitivity of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy makes its treatment challenging. The Ndc80 kinetochore complex component (NUF2) is involved in the development and progression of several cancers. However, its role in ccRCC remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the biological functions and underlying mechanism of NUF2 in ccRCC. We found that NUF2 expression was increased in ccRCC and associated with poor prognosis. Altering NUF2 level affected cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, NUF2 acted as a potential oncogene to promote the progression of ccRCC through epigenetic activation of high-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) transcription by suppressing lysine demethylase 2A expression and affecting its occupancy on the HMGA2 promoter region to regulate histone H3 lysine 36 di-methylation modification. In addition, Kaplan-Meier and multivariate analysis revealed that patients whose NUF2 and HMGA2 were both elevated showed the shortest survival; and the number of upregulated markers acted as an independent predictor to evaluate survival probability. Thus, our results demonstrate that NUF2 promotes ccRCC progression, at least partly by epigenetically regulating HMGA2 transcription, and that the NUF2-HMGA2 axis could be an ideal therapeutic target and a promising prognostic indicator for ccRCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiatian Lin
- Department of Minimally Invasive Intervention, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangling Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine), Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongjian Yu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Intervention, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Shasha Min
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine), Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yequn Chen
- Department of Community Surveillance, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Zesong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine), Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Xina Xie, E-mail: ; Zesong Li, E-mail:
| | - Xina Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine), Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Xina Xie, E-mail: ; Zesong Li, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Y, Lan X, Wang Y, Liu C, Cui T. CRNDE mediates the viability and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of renal cell carcinoma via miR-136-5p. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 41:234-244. [PMID: 32808846 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1805629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the mutual adhesion and development of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The underlying molecular mechanism of EMT and RCC cells in the treatment of RCC was less reported. In this study, the related functional lncRNA and miRNA in RCC tissues were predicted by bioinformatics analysis and verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The RNA interference technology was applied to measure the effects of the predicted lncRNAs and miRNAs on RCC cells. The expressions of EMT-related mRNAs and proteins were determined using qRT-PCR and Western-blot experiments. CRNDE was overexpressed and miR-136-5p was low-expressed in RCC. Upregulation of CRNDE could promote the viability, migration, invasion of RCC, while downregulation of CRNDE produced the opposite effects. Both the upregulation and downregulation of CRNDE alternated the protein expressions related to EMT, while miR-136-5p resulted in the opposite effects on CRNDE. Moreover, the promotive effect of overexpressed CRNDE on RCC cells could be blocked by miR-136-5p mimic. CRNDE can mediate miR-136-5p, promote the development of EMT and RCC cells, showing the potential to serve as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target in RCC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Zhang
- Department of Urology, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaopeng Lan
- Department of Urology, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- Department of Urology, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Department of Urology, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Cui
- Department of Urology, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu J, Huang Y, Cheng Q, Wang J, Zuo J, Liang Y, Yuan G. miR-1-3p suppresses the epithelial-mesenchymal transition property in renal cell cancer by downregulating Fibronectin 1. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:5573-5587. [PMID: 31417307 PMCID: PMC6594013 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s200707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Renal cell cancer (RCC) is one of the primary causes of malignancy deaths all over the world. The most important cause of RCC-related mortality is metastasis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in metastasis of malignant tumors including RCC. miR-1-3p is confirmed to be decreased in many types of cancer. Nevertheless, the function of miR-1-3p in RCC metastasis and EMT process was still unclear. Materials and methods In this study, information from clinical investigation, in vitro study, and in vivo study discovered miR-1-3p expression character and its status in RCC. The character of miR-1-3p in invasive and metastatic properties in vitro and in vivo was also inspected in RCC cells and xenograft tumor model, and expression levels of EMT markers were evaluated in RCC cells and tissues. Results miR-1-3p was proved to be decreased in RCC cell lines and tissues compared with normal renal cells and tissues. miR-1-3p expression level in RCC tissues was closely related with capsulation, lymph node metastasis, and vascular invasion. miR-1-3p was found to be able to block the EMT process in A498 and CAKI-1 RCC cells and tumors. Luciferase reporter assay and expression level rescue assays were employed to reveal that miR-1-3p inhibited the invasion and migration property of RCC cells by directly targeting Fibronectin 1. Upregulation of Fibronectin 1 partially reversed the suppressive effect of miR-1-3p on EMT process. Conclusion In brief, this study has verified that miR-1-3p blocked the EMT process of RCC cells by reducing Fibronectin 1 expression. miR-1-3p/Fibronectin 1 axis may be considered as a new target for drug development of RCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianghui Liu
- Department of Emergency and Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxiong Huang
- Department of Emergency and Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanyong Cheng
- Department of Emergency and Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jifei Wang
- Department of Emergency and Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jidong Zuo
- Department of Emergency and Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Nephrology, The Eighth People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Yuan
- Department of Emergency and Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang T, Zhu H, Yang S, Fei X. Let‑7a‑5p may participate in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy through targeting HMGA2. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:4229-4237. [PMID: 30896854 PMCID: PMC6471493 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), and has been demonstrated as one of the major causes of renal failure. In a previous study, it was noted that microRNA let-7a-5p was downregulated in DN; however, the underlying mechanism requires additional investigation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the roles of let-7a-5p in the pathogenesis of DN and its associated mechanism. The renal tissues of db/db and db/m mice, and renal mesangial cells treated with high concentrations of glucose were obtained; reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blot analysis were applied to detect the expression of let-7a-5p and high-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) in vivo and in vitro. In addition, renal mesangial cells cultured under high-glucose conditions (20 and 30 mmol/l) were transfected with either let-7a-5p mimics or let-7a-5p inhibitors. The effects of let-7a-5p on the proliferation and apoptosis of renal mesangial cells were examined using CCK-8 and flow cytometry methods. Additionally, cells were collected and the expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT) and HMGA2 was analyzed with western blot analysis. Finally, a dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm whether HMGA2 was a direct target of let-7a-5p. Let-7a-5p was significantly downregulated and HMGA2 was markedly upregulated in the tissue samples of DN mice and renal mesangial cells cultured under high-glucose conditions. In addition, transfection of let-7a-5p mimics induced a significant decrease in the proliferation and increase in the apoptosis of renal mesangial cells cultured under high-glucose conditions; transfection of let-7a-5p inhibitors exhibited the opposite effects. Furthermore, transfection of let-7a-5p mimics also led to the inhibition of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway; transfection of let-7a-5p inhibitors may activate the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway through the increase in PI3K and AKT levels. Finally, a dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed that HMGA2 is a direct target of let-7a-5p. Let-7a-5p was downregulated in DN and may participate in the pathogenesis of DN via regulating HMGA2 expression and the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taixing City Second People's Hospital, Taixing, Jiangsu 225400, P.R. China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taixing City Second People's Hospital, Taixing, Jiangsu 225400, P.R. China
| | - Shufang Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Fei
- Department of Endocrinology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mohammadi A, Mansoori B, Savadi P, Khaze V, Minouei M, McMillan NAJ, Hallaj-Nezhadi S, Baradaran B. Targeting of high mobility group A2 by small interfering RNA-loaded nanoliposome-induced apoptosis and migration inhibition in gastrointestinal cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:9203-9212. [PMID: 30507008 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the complex nature of gastrointestinal cancer, different methods including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are considered for the treatment. Novel strategies including silencing of oncogenes using safe delivery systems could be considered as a novel approach in colorectal cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the silencing effect of high mobility group A2 (HMGA2) small interfering RNA (siRNA)-loaded nanoliposomes on gastrointestinal cancers. METHODS The siRNA-lipoplexes were prepared using dioleoyl trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP)/cholesterol (Chol)/1, 2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) through the freeze-drying of a monophase solution method. The size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta-potential of nanoliposomes were determined using Zetasizer analyzer. The morphology of the nanoliposomes was determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The agarose gel-retardation assay was carried out to confirm the loading of siRNAs into liposome. The silencing of the HMGA2 in cancer cells was evaluated by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The effect of liposomes on cell cytotoxicity was studied by MTT assay. The inhibitory effect of siRNA-loaded liposomes was evaluated by a wound-healing assay. The apoptosis induction was investigated via the annexin V/propidium iodide assay. RESULTS The size, PDI, and zeta-potential of the prepared liposomes were found to be 350 nm, 0.67, and 86.3 mV, respectively. They were spherical in shape and could efficiently associate with siRNA. The results of gene silencing showed that the optimum condition of HMGA2 silencing was 80 pmol HMGA2 and 24 hours after treatment in each cancer cell lines. MTT assays indicated that silencing of HMGA2 in optimal condition could reduce the viability of the cancer cells more than 60% in the three cell lines. The result of the apoptosis assay showed more than 50% of the cell deaths related to the apoptosis in all three cell lines. The gene expression evaluation confirmed that apoptosis was induced via the intrinsic pathway inducing both caspase-3 and -9 expressions. Also, the reduction in Bcl2 expression confirmed the activation apoptosis pathway in the treated cancer cells. The wound-healing assay showed the suppression of cancer cell migration after treatment with the prepared nanoliposomes. CONCLUSION The results of this study showed the HMGA2 siRNA-loaded nanoliposomes could be effective in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohammadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Mansoori
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pouria Savadi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Khaze
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Minouei
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nigel A J McMillan
- School of Medical Sciences and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | | | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhao H, Zhao H, Xia X, Liu X. MicroRNA-599 targets high-mobility group AT-hook 2 to inhibit cell proliferation and invasion in clear cell renal carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7451-7459. [PMID: 29568870 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) is associated with the occurrence and development of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) through their participation in a number of critical biological processes. Therefore, an in‑depth investigation into miRNAs and their biological roles within ccRCC may provide useful insights and lead to the identification of novel therapeutic methods for patients with ccRCC. miRNA‑599 (miR‑599) serves critical roles in different types of human cancer. However, the expression pattern, biological function and molecular mechanism of miR‑599 in ccRCC remain unknown. The present study aimed to detect the expression level of miR‑599 in ccRCC, examine its effect on ccRCC progression and further explore the possible underlying mechanisms. It was observed that miR‑599 was significantly underexpressed in ccRCC tissues and cell lines compared with the control. Functional assays revealed that restored expression of miR‑599 restricted the proliferation and invasion of ccRCC cells. Bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter assay, reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis demonstrated that high‑mobility group AT‑hook 2 (HMGA2) was a direct target of miR‑599 in ccRCC. HMGA2 knockdown simulated the suppressive effects caused by miR‑599 overexpression in ccRCC. Recovered HMGA2 expression partially rescued the miR‑599‑mediated inhibition of ccRCC proliferation and invasion. These results suggest that miR‑599 may serve tumour suppressive roles in ccRCC by directly targeting HMGA2, indicating that miR‑599 may have potential as a treatment for patients with ccRCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 262550, P.R. China
| | - Huizhen Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 262550, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 262550, P.R. China
| | - Xiujuan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|