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Shen CH, Li PY, Wang SC, Wu SR, Hsieh CY, Dai YC, Liu YW. Epigenetic regulation of human WIF1 and DNA methylation situation of WIF1 and GSTM5 in urothelial carcinoma. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16004. [PMID: 37206019 PMCID: PMC10189273 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
WNT inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1) is known to function as a tumor suppressor gene; it inhibits oncogene activation by preventing WNT signaling. This study investigated the epigenetic regulation of WIF1 gene in bladder cancer. We observed a positive relationship between WIF1 mRNA expression and survival probability of bladder cancer patients. The WIF1 gene expression could be enhanced by DNA demethylation drug 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) and histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA), suggesting that epigenetic modifications could regulate WIF1 gene expression. Overexpression of WIF1 inhibited cell proliferation and migration in 5637 cells, confirming the tumor suppressor role of WIF1. 5-Aza-dC dose dependently increased WIF1 gene expression while reducing DNA methylation level, suggesting that reversing WIF1 DNA methylation could activate its gene expression. We collected the cancer tissues and urine pellets of bladder cancer patients and only urine pellets from non-bladder cancer volunteers for DNA methylation analysis, but the methylation level of WIF1 gene -184 to +29 did not differ between patients and controls. We also analyzed glutathione S-transferase Mu 5 (GSTM5) gene methylation level because GSTM5 DNA hypermethylation was suggested to be a tumor biomarker in our previous study. It confirmed a higher GSTM5 DNA methylation in bladder cancer patients than in controls. In summary, this study suggests that the 5-aza-dC activated WIF1 gene which showed an anti-cancer effect, while WIF1 promoter -184 to +29 did not provide a suitable methylation assay region in clinical samples. In contrast, GSTM5 promoter -258 to -89 is a useful region for DNA methylation assay because it shows a higher methylation level in bladder cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Huang Shen
- Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, 600, Taiwan
- SKBIO Technology Corporation, Taipei, 114065, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Chieh Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, 437, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Rong Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Hsieh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chang Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
- Corresponding author.
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Xu C, Hu X, Fan Y, Zhang L, Gao Z, Cai C. Wif1 Mediates Coordination of Bone Morphogenetic Protein and Wnt Signaling in Neural and Glioma Stem Cells. Cell Transplant 2022; 31:9636897221134540. [PMID: 36324293 PMCID: PMC9634200 DOI: 10.1177/09636897221134540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnts, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) are
paracrine signaling pathways implicated in the niche control of stem cell fate
decisions. BMP-on and Wnt-off are the dominant quiescent niche signaling
pathways in many cell types, including neural stem cells (NSCs). However, among
the multiple inhibitory family members of the Wnt pathway, those with direct
action after BMP4 stimulation in NSCs remain unclear. We examined 11 Wnt
inhibitors in NSCs after BMP4 treatment. Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (Wif1) has been
identified as the main factor reacting to BMP4 stimuli. RNA sequencing confirmed
that Wif1 was markedly upregulated after BMP4 treatment in different gene
expression analyses. Similar to the functional role of BMP4, Wif1 significantly
decreased the cell cycle of NSCs and significantly inhibited cell proliferation
(P < 0.05). Combined treatment with BMP4 and Wif1
significantly enhanced the inhibition of cell growth compared with the single
treatment (P < 0.05). Wif1 expression was clearly lower in
glioblastoma and low-grade glioma samples than in normal samples
(P < 0.05). A functional analysis revealed that both
BMP4 and Wif1 could decrease glioma cell growth. These effects were abrogated by
the BMP inhibitor Noggin. The collective findings demonstrate that Wif1 plays a
key role in quiescent NSC homeostasis and glioma cell growth downstream of
BMP-on signaling. The functional roles of Wif1/BMP4 in glioma cells may provide
a technical basis for regenerative medicine, drug discovery, and personal
molecular therapy in future clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congdi Xu
- Fundamental Research Center, Shanghai
YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of
Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Hu
- Fundamental Research Center, Shanghai
YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of
Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China,Institute for Molecules and Materials,
Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yantao Fan
- Fundamental Research Center, Shanghai
YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of
Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China,Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai
University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s
Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of
Shanghai, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengliang Gao
- Fundamental Research Center, Shanghai
YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of
Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China,Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai
University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s
Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
| | - Chunhui Cai
- Fundamental Research Center, Shanghai
YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of
Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China,Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai
University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s
Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China,Chunhui Cai, Fundamental Research Center,
Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation
Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200001, China.
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Alshareef A, Peters AC, Gélébart P, Chen W, Lai R. Gene Methylation and Silencing of WIF1 Is a Frequent Genetic Abnormality in Mantle Cell Lymphoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020893. [PMID: 33477402 PMCID: PMC7830226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that the Wnt canonical pathway (WCP) is constitutively active in most cases of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Here, we aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this biochemical deregulation. We hypothesized that gene methylation/silencing of WIF1 (Wnt inhibitory factor-1), a physiologic inhibitor of WCP, contributes to the deregulation of WCP and promotes cell growth in MCL. In support of this hypothesis, we found that the expression of WIF1 was detectable in none of the 4 MCL cell lines, and in only 2 of 5 tumors (40%) examined. Using methylation-specific PCR, we found evidence of gene methylation of WIF1 in 4 of 5 cell lines (80%) and in 24 of 29 (82%) tumors. The addition of the demethylation agent 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine to Mino and JeKo-1, two WIF1-negative cell lines, restored the expression of WIF1 mRNA in these cells. Gene transfection of WIF1 into JeKo-1 and Mino cells significantly reduced cell growth, and this finding correlated with substantial downregulations of various proteins in WCP, such as β-catenin and pGSK-3β. In conclusion, our results support the concept that gene methylation/silencing of WIF1 is a frequent event in MCL, and this abnormality contributes to the aberrant activation of WCP. These results have provided further evidence that aberrant Wnt signaling is pathogenetically important in MCL and it may represent a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulraheem Alshareef
- Medical Laboratories Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, P.O. Box 41477, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (P.G.); (W.C.)
| | - Anthea C. Peters
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada;
| | - Pascal Gélébart
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (P.G.); (W.C.)
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Will Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (P.G.); (W.C.)
| | - Raymond Lai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (P.G.); (W.C.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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The Role of CTHRC1 in Regulation of Multiple Signaling and Tumor Progression and Metastasis. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:9578701. [PMID: 32848510 PMCID: PMC7441421 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9578701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen triple helix repeat containing-1 (CTHRC1) has been identified as cancer-related protein. CTHRC1 expresses mainly in adventitial fibroblasts and neointimal smooth muscle cells of balloon-injured vessels and promotes cell migration and tissue repair in response to injury. CTHRC1 plays a pivotal role in some pathophysiological processes, including increasing bone mass, preventing myelination, and reversing collagen synthesis in many tumor cells. The ascended expression of CTHRC1 is related to tumorigenesis, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis in various human malignancies, including gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, keloid, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, epithelial ovarian cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, cervical cancer, non-small-cell lung carcinoma, and melanoma. And molecules that regulate the expression of CTHRC1 include miRNAs, lncRNAs, WAIF1, and DPAGT1. Many reports have pointed that CTHRC1 could exert different effects through several signaling pathways such as TGF-β, Wnt, integrin β/FAK, Src/FAK, MEK/ERK, PI3K/AKT/ERK, HIF-1α, and PKC-δ/ERK signaling pathways. As a participant in tissue remodeling or immune response, CTHRC1 may promote early-stage cancer. Several recent studies have identified CTHRC1 as an effectual prognostic biomarker for predicting tumor recurrence or metastasis. It is worth noting that CTHRC1 has different cellular localization and mechanisms of action in different cells and different microenvironments. In this article, we focus on the advances in the signaling pathways mediated by CTHRC1 in tumors.
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Cai W, Xu Y, Yin J, Zuo W, Su Z. miR-552-5p facilitates osteosarcoma cell proliferation and metastasis by targeting WIF1. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:3781-3788. [PMID: 30988764 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
miR-552 promotes tumor growth and metastasis in colorectal cancer. However, the function of miR-552 in osteosarcoma remains unclear. The current study investigated the role and mechanism of miR-552-5p in the proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. miR-552-5p was significantly upregulated in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines compared with adjacent normal tissues and normal osteoblast cells. Knockdown of miR-552-5p significantly reduced the proliferation of MG63 and U2OS cells, and inhibited cell migration and invasion. Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1) was the direct target gene of miR-552-5p in osteosarcoma cells. Overexpression of miR-552-5p markedly decreased the expression of WIF1 in MG63 and U2OS cells. A negative association was identified between the expression levels of miR-552-5p and WIF1 in osteosarcoma tissues. Furthermore, the expression of WIF1 was downregulated in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines. Finally, knockdown of WIF1 in MG63 and U2OS cells treated with miR-552-5p inhibitors rescued their ability to proliferate, migrate and invade. Overall, the results indicated that miR-552-5p promoted osteosarcoma development and progression by inhibiting WIF1. Therefore, miR-552-5p may serve as a new therapeutic target for treatment of patients with osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cai
- Orthopedics Department, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Yong Xu
- Orthopedics Department, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yin
- Orthopedics Department, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211100, P.R. China
| | - Wenshan Zuo
- Orthopedics Department, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Su
- Anesthesiology Department, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
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