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Jin X, Yoo H, Tran VVT, Yi C, Hong KY, Chang H. Efficacy and Safety of Cell-Assisted Acellular Adipose Matrix Transfer for Volume Retention and Regeneration Compared to Hyaluronic Acid Filler Injection. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024:10.1007/s00266-024-04408-0. [PMID: 39354227 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-024-04408-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-assisted acellular adipose matrix (AAM) transfer is a novel technique for soft tissue volume restoration, where AAM acts as a scaffold for tissue proliferation and promotes host cell migration, vascularization, and adipogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of in vivo cell-assisted AAM transfer compared to hyaluronic acid (HA) filler injection. METHODS Human adipose tissue was used to manufacture AAM, and murine adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) were prepared. Nude mice were divided into four groups: AAM transfer (AT), ASC-assisted AAM transfer (CAT), HA filler injection (HI), and ASC-assisted HA filler injection (CHI). Eight weeks post-transfer, in vivo graft volume/weight, histology, and gene expression were analyzed to assess efficacy and safety. RESULTS The AAM retained its three-dimensional scaffold structure without cellular components. AT/CAT showed lower volume retention than HA/CHA; however, CAT maintained a similar volume to HA. Histologically, adipogenesis and collagen formation were increased in AT/CAT compared to HA/CHA, with CAT showing the highest levels. CAT also demonstrated superior angiogenesis, adipogenesis, and gene expression (Vegf and Pparg), along with lower Il-6 expression, higher Il-10 expression, and reduced capsule formation, indicating better biocompatibility. CONCLUSIONS Cell-assisted AAM transfer is a promising technique for volume retention and tissue regeneration, offering a safe and effective alternative to HA filler injections. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Jin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyokyung Yoo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Vinh Vuong The Tran
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chenggang Yi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ki Yong Hong
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hak Chang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Shukla P, Bera AK, Ghosh A, Kiranmai G, Pati F. Assessment and process optimization of high throughput biofabrication of immunocompetent breast cancer model for drug screening applications. Biofabrication 2024; 16:035030. [PMID: 38876096 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad586b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Recent advancements in 3D cancer modeling have significantly enhanced our ability to delve into the intricacies of carcinogenesis. Despite the pharmaceutical industry's substantial investment of both capital and time in the drug screening and development pipeline, a concerning trend persists: drug candidates screened on conventional cancer models exhibit a dismal success rate in clinical trials. One pivotal factor contributing to this discrepancy is the absence of drug testing on pathophysiologically biomimetic 3D cancer models during pre-clinical stages. Unfortunately, current manual methods of 3D cancer modeling, such as spheroids and organoids, suffer from limitations in reproducibility and scalability. In our study, we have meticulously developed 3D bioprinted breast cancer model utilizing decellularized adipose tissue-based hydrogel obtained via a detergent-free decellularization method. Our innovative printing techniques allows for rapid, high-throughput fabrication of 3D cancer models in a 96-well plate format, demonstrating unmatched scalability and reproducibility. Moreover, we have conducted extensive validation, showcasing the efficacy of our platform through drug screening assays involving two potent anti-cancer drugs, 5-Fluorouracil and PRIMA-1Met. Notably, our platform facilitates effortless imaging and gene expression analysis, streamlining the evaluation process. In a bid to enhance the relevance of our cancer model, we have introduced a heterogeneous cell population into the DAT-based bioink. Through meticulous optimization and characterization, we have successfully developed a biomimetic immunocompetent breast cancer model, complete with microenvironmental cues and diverse cell populations. This breakthrough paves the way for rapid multiplex drug screening and the development of personalized cancer models, marking a paradigm shift in cancer research and pharmaceutical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanshu Shukla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India
| | - Ashis Kumar Bera
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India
| | - Amit Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India
| | - Gaddam Kiranmai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India
| | - Falguni Pati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India
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Kim J, Tran VVT, Hong KY, Chang H. Comparison of Stored and Fresh Injectable Acellular Adipose Matrix in Soft Tissue Reconstruction in a Murine Model. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024:10.1007/s00266-024-04175-y. [PMID: 38913200 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-024-04175-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously showed comparable volume effects of injections of acellular adipose matrix (AAM), an adipose tissue-derived extracellular matrix, and conventional fat grafting in a murine model. Thus, AAM could be a novel allogenic injectable product. However, its retention rate poses a concern, as repeated AAM injections may be required in some cases. This study investigated the biological properties and therapeutic value of stored AAM and compared them with those of fresh AAM, in a murine model. METHODS AAM was manufactured from fresh human abdominoplasty fat. Fresh and stored injectable AAM was prepared within 24 h and 3 months after generation, respectively. Either fresh or stored injectable AAM was injected into the scalp of athymic nude mice (0.2 mL/sample, n = 6 per group). After 8 weeks, graft retention was assessed through weight measurement, and histological analysis was performed, including immunofluorescence staining for CD31 and perilipin. RESULTS Retention rate was significantly reduced in the stored compared to the fresh injectable AAM group. Nevertheless, histological analysis revealed comparable inflammatory cell presence, with minimal capsule formation, in both groups. Adipogenesis occurred in both groups, with no significant difference in the blood vessel area (%) between groups. CONCLUSIONS Although the volume effects of stored AAM for soft tissue reconstruction were limited compared to those of fresh injectable AAM, stored AAM had similar capacity for adipogenesis and angiogenesis. This promising allogeneic injectable holds the potential to serve as an effective "off-the-shelf" alternative for repeated use within a 3-month storage period. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors https://link.springer.com/journal/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoo Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Vinh Vuong The Tran
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Hi-Tech Center, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ki Yong Hong
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hak Chang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Kim J, Tran VVT, Hong KY, Chang H. Effect of Injectable Acellular Adipose Matrix on Soft Tissue Reconstruction in a Murine Model. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024; 48:2210-2219. [PMID: 38499876 PMCID: PMC11150185 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-024-03924-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extracellular matrix isolated from adipose tissue, known as acellular adipose matrix (AAM), represents a novel biomaterial. AAM functions as a scaffold that not only supports stem cell proliferation and differentiation but also induces adipogenesis and angiogenesis. This study aims to investigate the volumetric effects and microenvironmental changes associated with injectable AAM in comparison to conventional fat grafting. METHODS AAM was manufactured from fresh human abdominoplasty fat using a mechanically modified method and then transformed into an injectable form. Lipoaspirate was harvested employing the Coleman technique. A weight and volume study was conducted on athymic nude mice by injecting either injectable AAM or lipoaspirate into the scalp (n=6 per group). After eight weeks, graft retention was assessed through weight measurement and volumetric analysis using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scanning. Histological analysis was performed using immunofluorescence staining for perilipin and CD31. RESULTS Injectable AAM exhibited similar weight and volume effects in murine models. Histological analysis revealed comparable inflammatory cell presence with minimal capsule formation when compared to conventional fat grafts. Adipogenesis occurred in both AAM-injected and conventional fat graft models, with no significant difference in the blood vessel area (%) between the two. CONCLUSIONS In summary, injectable AAM demonstrates effectiveness comparable to conventional fat grafting concerning volume effects and tissue regeneration in soft tissue reconstruction. This promising allogeneic injectable holds the potential to serve as a safe and effective "Off-the-Shelf" alternative in both aesthetic and reconstructive clinical practices. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoo Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Vinh Vuong The Tran
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Hi-Tech Center, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ki Yong Hong
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hak Chang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Zhao J, Lu F, Dong Z. Strategies for Constructing Tissue-Engineered Fat for Soft Tissue Regeneration. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2024; 21:395-408. [PMID: 38032533 PMCID: PMC10987464 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00607-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repairing soft tissue defects caused by inflammation, tumors, and trauma remains a major challenge for surgeons. Adipose tissue engineering (ATE) provides a promising way to solve this problem. METHODS This review summarizes the current ATE strategies for soft tissue reconstruction, and introduces potential construction methods for ATE. RESULTS Scaffold-based and scaffold-free strategies are the two main approaches in ATE. Although several of these methods have been effective clinically, both scaffold-based and scaffold-free strategies have limitations. The third strategy is a synergistic tissue engineering strategy and combines the advantages of scaffold-based and scaffold-free strategies. CONCLUSION Personalized construction, stable survival of reconstructed tissues and functional recovery of organs are future goals of building tissue-engineered fat for ATE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Plastic Surgery Institute of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ziqing Dong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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Xiong C, Yao W, Tao R, Yang S, Jiang W, Xu Y, Zhang J, Han Y. Application of Decellularized Adipose Matrix as a Bioscaffold in Different Tissue Engineering. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024; 48:1045-1053. [PMID: 37726399 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-023-03608-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
With the development of tissue engineering, the application of decellularized adipose matrix as scaffold material in tissue engineering has been intensively explored due to its wide source and excellent potential in tissue regeneration. Decellularized adipose matrix is a promising candidate for adipose tissue regeneration, while modification of decellularized adipose matrix scaffold can also allow it to transcend the limitations of adipose tissue source properties and applied to other tissue engineering fields, including cartilage and bone tissue engineering, neural tissue engineering, and skin tissue engineering. In this review, we summarized the development of the applications of decellularized adipose matrix in different tissue engineering and present future perspectives.Level of Evidence III This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Xiong
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Street, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Wende Yao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Street, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Street, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Sihan Yang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Street, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Weiqian Jiang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Street, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yujian Xu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Street, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Julei Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Street, Beijing, 100853, China.
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The 980st Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Hebei, China.
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Street, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Jin Y, Sun Q, Ma R, Li R, Qiao R, Li J, Wang L, Hu Y. The trend of allogeneic tendon decellularization: literature review. Cell Tissue Bank 2024; 25:357-367. [PMID: 37355504 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-023-10097-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Tendon injuries repair is a significant burden for orthopaedic surgeons. Finding a proper graft material to repair tendon is one of the main challenges in orthopaedics, for which the requirement of substitute for tendon repair would be different for each clinical application. Among biological scaffolds, the use of decellularized tendon increasingly represents an interesting approach to treat tendon injuries and several articles have investigated the approaches of tendon decellularization. To understand the outcomes of the the approaches of tendon decellularization on effect of tendon transplantation, a literature review was performed. This review was conducted by searching in Pubmed and Embase and 64 studies were included in this study. The findings revealed that the common approaches to decellularize tendon include chemical, physical, and enzymatic decellularization methods or their combination. With the development of tissue engineering, researchers also put forward new theories such as automatic acellular machine, 3D printing technology to manufacture acellular scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Jin
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongxing Ma
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruifeng Li
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruiqi Qiao
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jikai Li
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Limin Wang
- Beijing Wonderful Medical Biomaterials Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yongcheng Hu
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, Tianjin Hospital, 406 Jiefang Southern Road, Tianjin, 300000, China.
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Qi J, Li Z, Li S, Fu S, Luan J. Effectiveness of a New Enzyme-Free Method for the Preparation of a Decellularized Adipose-Derived Matrix. Aesthet Surg J 2024; 44:NP184-NP192. [PMID: 37715728 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjad307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decellularized adipose-derived matrix (DAM) represents a new alternative to tissue fillers. The function of DAM is closely associated with the decellularization technique used for its preparation. However, most techniques are time-consuming and expensive, and this might reduce the popularity of DAM. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to investigate an enzyme-free adipose decellularization method and generate a DAM capable of adipose tissue regeneration. METHODS DAMs prepared by the enzyme-free and Flynn's methods were compared and co-cultured with human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) to investigate cytocompatibility. Adipose tissue formation was evaluated by injecting the DAMs into the backs of nude mice over 4 weeks. Samples were harvested for gross and perilipin immunohistochemistry analysis at 1 and 4 weeks. RESULTS The enzyme-free method is effective for adipose decellularization because it removes adipocytes and preserves the microstructure. In vitro, the DAM made by the enzyme-free method could support the attachment, growth, proliferation, and differentiation of hADSCs, and promote the enhanced secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor by hADSCs; this DAM also induced the formation and maturity of adipocytes in vivo. CONCLUSIONS This study describes a highly effective enzyme-free method for adipose tissue decellularization that also promotes adipocyte formation and adipose tissue volume stability in vitro and in vivo, resulting in a new alternative tissue filler.
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Ru J, Zhang Q, Zhu S, Cai J, He Y, Lu F. Delivery of adipose-derived growth factors from heparinized adipose acellular matrix accelerates wound healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1270618. [PMID: 37854882 PMCID: PMC10579818 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1270618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dermal white adipocytes are closely associated with skin homeostasis and wound healing. However, it has not been fully investigated whether adipose-derived products improve wound healing. Here, we obtained adipose acellular matrix (AAM) and adipose-derived growth factors (ADGFs) from human adipose tissue and fabricated an ADGF-loaded AAM via surface modification with heparin. The product, HEP-ADGF-AAM, contained an adipose-derived scaffold and released ADGFs in a controlled fashion. To test its efficacy in promoting wound healing, mice with full thickness wound received three different treatments: HEP-ADGF-AAM, AAM and ADM. Control mice received no further treatments. Among these treatments, HEP-ADGF-AAM best improved wound healing. It induced adipogenesis in situ after in vivo implantation and provided an adipogenic microenvironment for wounds by releasing ADGFs. HEP-ADGF-AAM not only induced adipocyte regeneration, but also enhanced fibroblast migration, promoted vessel formation, accelerated wound closure, and enhanced wound epithelialization. Moreover, there was a close interaction between HEP-ADGF-AAM and the wound bed, and collagen was turned over in HEP-ADGF-AAM. These results show that HEP-ADGF-AAM might substantially improve re-epithelialization, angiogenesis, and skin appendage regeneration, and is thus a promising therapeutic biomaterial for skin wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yunfan He
- *Correspondence: Yunfan He, ; Feng Lu,
| | - Feng Lu
- *Correspondence: Yunfan He, ; Feng Lu,
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Shepherd EL, Northall E, Papakyriacou P, Safranska K, Sorensen KK, Lalor PF. Decellularization of the Human Liver to Generate Native Extracellular Matrix for Use in Automated Functional Assays with Stellate Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2669:233-244. [PMID: 37247064 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3207-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
With the incidence of liver disease on the rise globally, increasing numbers of patients are presenting with advanced hepatic fibrosis and significant mortality risk. The demand far outstrips possible transplantation capacities, and thus there is an intense drive to develop new pharmacological therapies that stall or reverse liver scarring. Recent late-stage failures of lead compounds have highlighted the challenges of resolving fibrosis, which has developed and stabilized over many years and varies in nature and composition from individual to individual. Hence, preclinical tools are being developed in both the hepatology and tissue engineering communities to elucidate the nature, composition, and cellular interactions of the hepatic extracellular niche in health and disease. In this protocol, we describe strategies for decellularizing cirrhotic and healthy human liver specimens and show how these can be used in simple functional assays to detect the impact on stellate cell function. Our simple, small-scale approach is translatable to diverse lab settings and generates cell-free materials which could be used for a variety of in vitro analyses as well as a scaffold for repopulating with key hepatic cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Shepherd
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ellie Northall
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Pantelitsa Papakyriacou
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Karolina Safranska
- Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway., Tromso, Norway
| | - Karen K Sorensen
- Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway., Tromso, Norway
| | - Patricia F Lalor
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Masoomikarimi M, Salehi M, Noorbakhsh F, Rajaei S. A Combination of Physical and Chemical Treatments Is More Effective in The Preparation of Acellular Uterine Scaffolds. CELL JOURNAL 2023; 25:25-34. [PMID: 36680481 PMCID: PMC9868431 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2022.8396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Decellularized uterine scaffold, as a new achievement in tissue engineering, enables recellularization and regeneration of uterine tissues and supports pregnancy in a fashion comparable to the intact uterus. The acellular methods are methods preferred in many respects due to their similarity to normal tissue, so it is necessary to try to introduce an acellularization protocol with minimum disadvantages and maximum advantages. Therefore, this study aimed to compare different protocols to achieve the optimal uterus decellularization method for future in vitro and in vivo bioengineering experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, rat uteri were decellularized by four different protocols (P) using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), with different doses and time incubations (P1 and P2), SDS/Triton-X100 sequentially (P3), and a combination of physical (freeze/thaw) and chemical reagents (SDS/Triton X-100). The scaffolds were examined by histopathological staining, DNA quantification, MTT assay, blood compatibility assay, FESEM, and mechanical studies. RESULTS Histology assessment showed that only in P4, cell residues were completely removed. Masson's trichrome staining demonstrated that in P3, collagen fibers were decreased; however, no damage was observed in the collagen bundles using other protocols. In indirect MTT assays, cell viabilities achieved by all used protocols were significantly higher than the native samples. The percentage of red blood cell (RBC) hemolysis in the presence of prepared scaffolds from all 4 protocols was less than 2%. The mechanical properties of none of the obtained scaffolds were significantly different from the native sample except for P3. CONCLUSION Uteri decellularized with a combination of physical and chemical treatments (P4) was the most favorable treatment in our study with the complete removal of cell residue, preservation of the three-dimensional structure, complete removal of detergents, and preservation of the mechanical property of the scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoomeh Masoomikarimi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Salehi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud, University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran ,Sexual Health and Fertility Research Center, University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran ,P.O.Box: 3614773943Department of Tissue EngineeringSchool of MedicineShahroud University
of Medical SciencesShahroudIran
| | - Farshid Noorbakhsh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Rajaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,P.O.Box: 3614773943Department of Tissue EngineeringSchool of MedicineShahroud University
of Medical SciencesShahroudIran
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McInnes AD, Moser MAJ, Chen X. Preparation and Use of Decellularized Extracellular Matrix for Tissue Engineering. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040240. [PMID: 36412881 PMCID: PMC9680265 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The multidisciplinary fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have the potential to revolutionize the practise of medicine through the abilities to repair, regenerate, or replace tissues and organs with functional engineered constructs. To this end, tissue engineering combines scaffolding materials with cells and biologically active molecules into constructs with the appropriate structures and properties for tissue/organ regeneration, where scaffolding materials and biomolecules are the keys to mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM). For this, one emerging way is to decellularize the native ECM into the materials suitable for, directly or in combination with other materials, creating functional constructs. Over the past decade, decellularized ECM (or dECM) has greatly facilitated the advance of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, while being challenged in many ways. This article reviews the recent development of dECM for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, with a focus on the preparation of dECM along with its influence on cell culture, the modification of dECM for use as a scaffolding material, and the novel techniques and emerging trends in processing dECM into functional constructs. We highlight the success of dECM and constructs in the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical applications and further identify the key issues and challenges involved, along with a discussion of future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D. McInnes
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-306-966-5435
| | - Michael A. J. Moser
- Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Building, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
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13
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Bobrova M, Safonova L, Efimov A, Lyundup A, Mozheiko N, Agapova O, Agapov I. Scaffolds Based on Silk Fibroin with Decellularized Rat Liver Microparticles: Investigation of the Structure, Biological Properties and Regenerative Potential for Skin Wound Healing. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2313. [PMID: 36365132 PMCID: PMC9693194 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of advanced biomaterials and constructs for accelerated recovery of damaged tissues is a key direction in regenerative medicine. Biocompatible scaffolds based on natural biopolymers are widely used for these tasks. Organ decellularization enables obtaining a cell-free extracellular matrix (ECM) with preserved composition and biological activity. The objectives of the present work were combining these two approaches for the development of a composite scaffold based on silk fibroin and ECM microparticles and assessing its structure, biological properties, and regenerative potential. ECM microparticles were obtained by grinding the decellularized matrix of Wistar rat liver in liquid nitrogen. Scaffolds in the form of films were prepared by the casting method. The sinuous and rough topography of the scaffold surface was assessed by the scanning probe nanotomography (SPNT) technique. The inclusion of ECM microparticles in the composition did not affect the elasticity and tensile strength of the scaffolds. The obtained scaffold was non-toxic to cells, maintained high levels of adhesion and proliferation of mouse 3T3 fibroblast and Hep-G2 cells, and showed high regenerative potential, which was studied in the experimental model of full-thickness rat skin wound healing. The wound healing was accelerated by 1.74 times in comparison with the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bobrova
- Academician V.I. Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 1 Shchukinskaya Street, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Liubov Safonova
- Academician V.I. Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 1 Shchukinskaya Street, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton Efimov
- Academician V.I. Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 1 Shchukinskaya Street, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Lyundup
- Educational Resource Center for Cellular Technologies, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya Mozheiko
- Academician V.I. Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 1 Shchukinskaya Street, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Agapova
- Academician V.I. Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 1 Shchukinskaya Street, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Agapov
- Academician V.I. Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 1 Shchukinskaya Street, 123182 Moscow, Russia
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14
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Nicholls DL, Rostami S, Karoubi G, Haykal S. Perfusion decellularization for vascularized composite allotransplantation. SAGE Open Med 2022; 10:20503121221123893. [PMID: 36120388 PMCID: PMC9478687 DOI: 10.1177/20503121221123893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascularized composite allotransplantation is becoming the emerging standard for reconstructive surgery treatment for patients with limb trauma and facial injuries involving soft tissue loss. Due to the complex immunogenicity of composite grafts, patients who undergo vascularized composite allotransplantation are reliant on lifelong immunosuppressive therapy. Decellularization of donor grafts to create an extracellular matrix bio-scaffold provides an immunomodulatory graft that preserves the structural and bioactive function of the extracellular matrix. Retention of extracellular matrix proteins, growth factors, and signaling cascades allow for cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and tissue regeneration. Perfusion decellularization of detergents through the graft vasculature allows for increased regent access to all tissue layers, and removal of cellular debris through the venous system. Grafts can subsequently be repopulated with appropriate cells through the vasculature to facilitate tissue regeneration. The present work reviews methods of decellularization, process parameters, evaluation of adequate cellular and nuclear removal, successful applications of perfusion decellularization for use in vascularized composite allotransplantation, and current limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Rostami
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Golnaz Karoubi
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Siba Haykal
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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15
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Zhang X, Chen X, Hong H, Hu R, Liu J, Liu C. Decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds: Recent trends and emerging strategies in tissue engineering. Bioact Mater 2022; 10:15-31. [PMID: 34901526 PMCID: PMC8637010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of scaffolding materials is believed to hold enormous potential for tissue regeneration. Despite the widespread application and rapid advance of several tissue-engineered scaffolds such as natural and synthetic polymer-based scaffolds, they have limited repair capacity due to the difficulties in overcoming the immunogenicity, simulating in-vivo microenvironment, and performing mechanical or biochemical properties similar to native organs/tissues. Fortunately, the emergence of decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) scaffolds provides an attractive way to overcome these hurdles, which mimic an optimal non-immune environment with native three-dimensional structures and various bioactive components. The consequent cell-seeded construct based on dECM scaffolds, especially stem cell-recellularized construct, is considered an ideal choice for regenerating functional organs/tissues. Herein, we review recent developments in dECM scaffolds and put forward perspectives accordingly, with particular focus on the concept and fabrication of decellularized scaffolds, as well as the application of decellularized scaffolds and their combinations with stem cells (recellularized scaffolds) in tissue engineering, including skin, bone, nerve, heart, along with lung, liver and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hua Hong
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Rubei Hu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Jiashang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
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16
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Al-Ghadban S, Artiles M, Bunnell BA. Adipose Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine: Looking Forward. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:837464. [PMID: 35096804 PMCID: PMC8792599 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.837464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, stem cell-based regenerative medicine has progressed to clinical testing and therapeutic applications. The applications range from infusions of autologous and allogeneic stem cells to stem cell-derived products. Adult stem cells from adipose tissue (ASCs) show significant promise in treating autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases, vascular and metabolic diseases, bone and cartilage regeneration and wound defects. The regenerative capabilities of ASCs in vivo are primarily orchestrated by their secretome of paracrine factors and cell-matrix interactions. More recent developments are focused on creating more complex structures such as 3D organoids, tissue elements and eventually fully functional tissues and organs to replace or repair diseased or damaged tissues. The current and future applications for ASCs in regenerative medicine are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruce A. Bunnell
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
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17
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Mice with Type 2 Diabetes Present Significant Alterations in Their Tissue Biomechanical Properties and Histological Features. Biomedicines 2021; 10:biomedicines10010057. [PMID: 35052737 PMCID: PMC8773308 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disease often associated with severe complications that may result in patient morbidity or death. One T2DM etiological agent is chronic hyperglycemia, a condition that induces damaging biological processes, including impactful extracellular matrix (ECM) modifications, such as matrix components accumulation. The latter alters ECM stiffness, triggering fibrosis, inflammation, and pathological angiogenesis. Hence, studying ECM biochemistry and biomechanics in the context of T2DM, or obesity, is highly relevant. With this in mind, we examined both native and decellularized tissues of obese B6.Cg-Lepob/J (ob/ob) and diabetic BKS.Cg-Dock7m+/+LeprdbJ (db/db) mice models, and extensively investigated their histological and biomechanical properties. The tissues analyzed herein were those strongly affected by diabetes—skin, kidney, adipose tissue, liver, and heart. The referred organs and tissues were collected from 8-week-old animals and submitted to classical histological staining, immunofluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, rheology, and atomic force microscopy. Altogether, this systematic characterization has identified significant differences in the architecture of both ob/ob and db/db tissues, namely db/db skin presents loose epidermis and altered dermis structure, the kidneys have clear glomerulopathy traits, and the liver exhibits severe steatosis. The distribution of ECM proteins also pinpoints important differences, such as laminin accumulation in db/db kidneys and decreased hyaluronic acid in hepatocyte cytoplasm in both obese and diabetic mice. In addition, we gathered a significant set of data showing that ECM features are maintained after decellularization, making these matrices excellent biomimetic scaffolds for 3D in vitro approaches. Importantly, mechanical studies revealed striking differences between tissue ECM stiffness of control (C57BL/6J), obese, and diabetic mice. Notably, we have unveiled that the intraperitoneal adipose tissue of diabetic animals is significantly stiffer (G* ≈ 10,000 Pa) than that of ob/ob or C57BL/6J mice (G* ≈ 3000–5000 Pa). Importantly, this study demonstrates that diabetes and obesity selectively potentiate severe histological and biomechanical alterations in different matrices that may impact vital processes, such as angiogenesis, wound healing, and inflammation.
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18
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Shariatzadeh S, Shafiee S, Zafari A, Tayebi T, Yazdanpanah G, Majd A, Haj-Mirzaian A, Bahrami S, Niknejad H. Developing a pro-angiogenic placenta derived amniochorionic scaffold with two exposed basement membranes as substrates for cultivating endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22508. [PMID: 34795361 PMCID: PMC8602627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01922-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Decellularized and de-epithelialized placenta membranes have widely been used as scaffolds and grafts in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Exceptional pro-angiogenic and biomechanical properties and low immunogenicity have made the amniochorionic membrane a unique substrate which provides an enriched niche for cellular growth. Herein, an optimized combination of enzymatic solutions (based on streptokinase) with mechanical scrapping is used to remove the amniotic epithelium and chorion trophoblastic layer, which resulted in exposing the basement membranes of both sides without their separation and subsequent damages to the in-between spongy layer. Biomechanical and biodegradability properties, endothelial proliferation capacity, and in vivo pro-angiogenic capabilities of the substrate were also evaluated. Histological staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining for collagen IV, and scanning electron microscope demonstrated that the underlying amniotic and chorionic basement membranes remained intact while the epithelial and trophoblastic layers were entirely removed without considerable damage to basement membranes. The biomechanical evaluation showed that the scaffold is suturable. Proliferation assay, real-time polymerase chain reaction for endothelial adhesion molecules, and IHC demonstrated that both side basement membranes could support the growth of endothelial cells without altering endothelial characteristics. The dorsal skinfold chamber animal model indicated that both side basement membranes could promote angiogenesis. This bi-sided substrate with two exposed surfaces for cultivating various cells would have potential applications in the skin, cardiac, vascularized composite allografts, and microvascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Shariatzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepehr Shafiee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zafari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Tayebi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Yazdanpanah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alireza Majd
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arvin Haj-Mirzaian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheyl Bahrami
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hassan Niknejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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19
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Tun WM, Poologasundarampillai G, Bischof H, Nye G, King ONF, Basham M, Tokudome Y, Lewis RM, Johnstone ED, Brownbill P, Darrow M, Chernyavsky IL. A massively multi-scale approach to characterizing tissue architecture by synchrotron micro-CT applied to the human placenta. J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20210140. [PMID: 34062108 PMCID: PMC8169212 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-scale structural assessment of biological soft tissue is challenging but essential to gain insight into structure-function relationships of tissue/organ. Using the human placenta as an example, this study brings together sophisticated sample preparation protocols, advanced imaging and robust, validated machine-learning segmentation techniques to provide the first massively multi-scale and multi-domain information that enables detailed morphological and functional analyses of both maternal and fetal placental domains. Finally, we quantify the scale-dependent error in morphological metrics of heterogeneous placental tissue, estimating the minimal tissue scale needed in extracting meaningful biological data. The developed protocol is beneficial for high-throughput investigation of structure-function relationships in both normal and diseased placentas, allowing us to optimize therapeutic approaches for pathological pregnancies. In addition, the methodology presented is applicable in the characterization of tissue architecture and physiological behaviours of other complex organs with similarity to the placenta, where an exchange barrier possesses circulating vascular and avascular fluid spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. M. Tun
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | | | - H. Bischof
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- MAHSC, St Mary's Hospital, NHS MFT, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - G. Nye
- Chester Medical School, University of Chester, Chester CH1 4BJ, UK
| | | | - M. Basham
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Y. Tokudome
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - R. M. Lewis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - E. D. Johnstone
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- MAHSC, St Mary's Hospital, NHS MFT, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - P. Brownbill
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- MAHSC, St Mary's Hospital, NHS MFT, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - M. Darrow
- SPT Labtech Ltd, Melbourn SG8 6HB, UK
| | - I. L. Chernyavsky
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- MAHSC, St Mary's Hospital, NHS MFT, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Department of Mathematics, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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20
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Lee J, Lee S, Kim SM, Shin H. Size-controlled human adipose-derived stem cell spheroids hybridized with single-segmented nanofibers and their effect on viability and stem cell differentiation. Biomater Res 2021; 25:14. [PMID: 33902733 PMCID: PMC8074457 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-021-00215-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fabrication of three-dimensional stem cell spheroids have been studied to improve stem cell function, but the hypoxic core and limited penetration of nutrients and signaling cues to the interior of the spheroid were challenges. The incorporation of polymers such as silica and gelatin in spheroids resulted in relatively relaxed assembly of composite spheroids, and enhancing transport of nutrient and biological gas. However, because of the low surface area between cells and since the polymers were heterogeneously distributed throughout the spheroid, these polymers cannot increase the cell to extracellular matrix interactions needed to support differentiation. METHODS We developed the stem cell spheroids that incorporate poly(ι-lactic acid) single-segmented fibers synthesized by electrospinning and physical and chemical fragmentation. The proper mixing ratio was 2000 cells/μg fibers (average length of the fibers was 50 μm - 100 μm). The SFs were coated with polydopamine to increase cell binding affinity and to synthesize various-sized spheroids. The function of spheroids was investigated by in vitro analysis depending on their sizes. For statistical analysis, Graphpad Prism 5 software (San Diego, CA, USA) was used to perform one-way analysis of variance ANOVA with Tukey's honest significant difference test and a Student's t-test (for two variables) (P < 0.05). RESULTS Spheroids of different sizes were created by modulating the amount of cells and fibers (0.063 mm2-0.322 mm2). The fibers in the spheroid were homogenously distributed and increased cell viability, while cell-only spheroids showed a loss of DNA contents, internal degradation, and many apoptotic signals. Furthermore, we investigated stemness and various functions of various-sized fiber-incorporated spheroids. In conclusion, the spheroid with the largest size showed the greatest release of angiogenic factors (released VEGF: 0.111 ± 0.004 pg/ng DNA), while the smallest size showed greater effects of osteogenic differentiation (mineralized calcium: 18.099 ± 0.271 ng/ng DNA). CONCLUSION The spheroids incorporating polydopamine coated single-segmented fibers showed enhanced viability regardless of sizes and increased their functionality by regulating the size of spheroids which may be used for various tissue reconstruction and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkyu Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR, Human-Tech Convergence Program, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR, Education and Research Group for Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Min Kim
- BK21 FOUR, Human-Tech Convergence Program, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Physical Education and Active Aging Industry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Artificial Intelligence Muscle, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Heungsoo Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
- BK21 FOUR, Education and Research Group for Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Yang J, Zhou C, Fu J, Yang Q, He T, Tan Q, Lv Q. In situ Adipogenesis in Biomaterials Without Cell Seeds: Current Status and Perspectives. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:647149. [PMID: 33763426 PMCID: PMC7982583 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.647149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
For cosmetic and reconstructive purposes in the setting of small-volume adipose tissue damage due to aging, traumatic defects, oncological resections, and degenerative diseases, the current strategies for soft tissue replacement involve autologous fat grafts and tissue fillers with synthetic, bioactive, or tissue-engineered materials. However, they all have drawbacks such as volume shrinkage and foreign-body responses. Aiming to regenerate bioactive vascularized adipose tissue on biomaterial scaffolds, adipose tissue engineering (ATE) has emerged as a suitable substitute for soft tissue repair. The essential components of ATE include scaffolds as support, cells as raw materials for fat formation, and a tolerant local environment to allow regeneration to occur. The commonly loaded seeding cells are adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), which are expected to induce stable and predictable adipose tissue formation. However, defects in stem cell enrichment, such as donor-site sacrifice, limit their wide application. As a promising alternative approach, cell-free bioactive scaffolds recruit endogenous cells for adipogenesis. In biomaterials without cell seeds, the key to sufficient adipogenesis relies on the recruitment of endogenous host cells and continuous induction of cell homing to scaffolds. Regeneration, rather than repair, is the fundamental dominance of an optimal mature product. To induce in situ adipogenesis, many researchers have focused on the mechanical and biochemical properties of scaffolds. In addition, efforts to regulate an angiogenic and adipogenic microenvironment in cell-free settings involve integrating growth factors or extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins onto bioactive scaffolds. Despite the theoretical feasibility and encouraging results in animal models, few of the reported cell-free biomaterials have been tested in humans, and failures of decellularized adipose tissues in adipogenesis have also been reported. In these cases, the most likely reason was the lack of supporting vasculature. This review summarizes the current status of biomaterials without cell seeds. Related mechanisms and influencing factors of in situ adipogenesis in cell-free biomaterials, dilemma in the development of biomaterials, and future perspectives are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqiao Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Tumor Targeted and Immune Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Breast Disease, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyang Fu
- West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianru Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao He
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuwen Tan
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Lv
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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22
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Ozudogru E, Arslan YE. A preliminary study on the development of a novel biomatrix by decellularization of bovine spinal meninges for tissue engineering applications. Cell Tissue Bank 2020; 22:25-38. [PMID: 32862393 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-020-09859-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Here, we aim at developing a novel biomatrix from decellularized bovine spinal meninges for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Within this concept, the bovine spinal meninges were decellularized using 1% Triton X-100 for 48 h, and residual nuclear content was determined with double-strand DNA content analysis and agarose gel electrophoresis. The major matrix components such as sulfated GAGs and collagen before and after the decellularization process were analyzed with DMMB, hydroxyproline assay and SDS-PAGE. Subsequently, the native bovine spinal meninges (nBSM) and decellularized BSM (dBSM) were physiochemically characterized via ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, TGA, DMA and tensile strength test. The dsDNA content in the nBSM was 153.39 ± 53.93 ng/mg dry weight, versus in the dBSM was 39.47 ± 4.93 ng/mg (n = 3) dry weight and DNA fragments of more than 200 bp in length were not detected in the dBSM by agarose gel electrophoresis. The sulfated GAGs contents for nBSM and dBSM were observed to be 10.87 ± 1.2 and 11.42 ± 2.01 μg/mg dry weight, respectively. The maximum strength of dBSM in dry and wet conditions was found to be 19.67 ± 0.21 MPa and 13.97 ± 0.17 MPa, while nBSM (dry) was found to be 26.26 ± 0.28 MPa. MTT, SEM, and histology results exhibited that the cells attached to the surface of dBSM, and proliferated on the dBSM. In conclusion, the in vitro preliminary study has demonstrated that the dBSM might be a proper and new bioscaffold for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eren Ozudogru
- Regenerative Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Engineering Faculty, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, 17100, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Emre Arslan
- Regenerative Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Engineering Faculty, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, 17100, Turkey.
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DeBari MK, Abbott RD. Adipose Tissue Fibrosis: Mechanisms, Models, and Importance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176030. [PMID: 32825788 PMCID: PMC7503256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increases in adipocyte volume and tissue mass due to obesity can result in inflammation, further dysregulation in adipose tissue function, and eventually adipose tissue fibrosis. Like other fibrotic diseases, adipose tissue fibrosis is the accumulation and increased production of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Adipose tissue fibrosis has been linked to decreased insulin sensitivity, poor bariatric surgery outcomes, and difficulty in weight loss. With the rising rates of obesity, it is important to create accurate models for adipose tissue fibrosis to gain mechanistic insights and develop targeted treatments. This article discusses recent research in modeling adipose tissue fibrosis using in vivo and in vitro (2D and 3D) methods with considerations for biomaterial selections. Additionally, this article outlines the importance of adipose tissue in treating other fibrotic diseases and methods used to detect and characterize adipose tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K. DeBari
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - Rosalyn D. Abbott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Correspondence:
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Mendibil U, Ruiz-Hernandez R, Retegi-Carrion S, Garcia-Urquia N, Olalde-Graells B, Abarrategi A. Tissue-Specific Decellularization Methods: Rationale and Strategies to Achieve Regenerative Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5447. [PMID: 32751654 PMCID: PMC7432490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex network with multiple functions, including specific functions during tissue regeneration. Precisely, the properties of the ECM have been thoroughly used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine research, aiming to restore the function of damaged or dysfunctional tissues. Tissue decellularization is gaining momentum as a technique to obtain potentially implantable decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) with well-preserved key components. Interestingly, the tissue-specific dECM is becoming a feasible option to carry out regenerative medicine research, with multiple advantages compared to other approaches. This review provides an overview of the most common methods used to obtain the dECM and summarizes the strategies adopted to decellularize specific tissues, aiming to provide a helpful guide for future research development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unai Mendibil
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (U.M.); (R.R.-H.); (S.R.-C.)
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (N.G.-U.); (B.O.-G.)
| | - Raquel Ruiz-Hernandez
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (U.M.); (R.R.-H.); (S.R.-C.)
| | - Sugoi Retegi-Carrion
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (U.M.); (R.R.-H.); (S.R.-C.)
| | - Nerea Garcia-Urquia
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (N.G.-U.); (B.O.-G.)
| | - Beatriz Olalde-Graells
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (N.G.-U.); (B.O.-G.)
| | - Ander Abarrategi
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (U.M.); (R.R.-H.); (S.R.-C.)
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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Yang JZ, Qiu LH, Xiong SH, Dang JL, Rong XK, Hou MM, Wang K, Yu Z, Yi CG. Decellularized adipose matrix provides an inductive microenvironment for stem cells in tissue regeneration. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:585-603. [PMID: 32843915 PMCID: PMC7415251 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i7.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells play a key role in tissue regeneration due to their self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation, which are continuously regulated by signals from the extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment. Therefore, the unique biological and physical characteristics of the ECM are important determinants of stem cell behavior. Although the acellular ECM of specific tissues and organs (such as the skin, heart, cartilage, and lung) can mimic the natural microenvironment required for stem cell differentiation, the lack of donor sources restricts their development. With the rapid development of adipose tissue engineering, decellularized adipose matrix (DAM) has attracted much attention due to its wide range of sources and good regeneration capacity. Protocols for DAM preparation involve various physical, chemical, and biological methods. Different combinations of these methods may have different impacts on the structure and composition of DAM, which in turn interfere with the growth and differentiation of stem cells. This is a narrative review about DAM. We summarize the methods for decellularizing and sterilizing adipose tissue, and the impact of these methods on the biological and physical properties of DAM. In addition, we also analyze the application of different forms of DAM with or without stem cells in tissue regeneration (such as adipose tissue), repair (such as wounds, cartilage, bone, and nerves), in vitro bionic systems, clinical trials, and other disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Zhong Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Li-Hong Qiu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shao-Heng Xiong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Juan-Li Dang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiang-Ke Rong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Meng-Meng Hou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Cheng-Gang Yi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
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26
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Sharath SS, Ramu J, Nair SV, Iyer S, Mony U, Rangasamy J. Human Adipose Tissue Derivatives as a Potent Native Biomaterial for Tissue Regenerative Therapies. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 17:123-140. [PMID: 31953618 PMCID: PMC7105544 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-019-00230-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human adipose tissue is a great source of translatable biomaterials owing to its ease of availability and simple processing. Reusing discardable adipose tissue for tissue regeneration helps in mimicking the exact native microenvironment of tissue. Over the past 10 years, extraction, processing, tuning and fabrication of adipose tissue have grabbed the attention owing to their native therapeutic and regenerative potential. The present work gives the overview of next generation biomaterials derived from human adipose tissue and their development with clinical relevance. METHODS Around 300 articles have been reviewed to widen the knowledge on the isolation, characterization techniques and medical applications of human adipose tissue and its derivatives from bench to bedside. The prospective applications of adipose tissue derivatives like autologous fat graft, stromal vascular fraction, stem cells, preadipocyte, adipokines and extracellular matrix, their behavioural mechanism, rational property of providing native bioenvironment, circumventing their translational abilities, recent advances in featuring them clinically have been reviewed extensively to reveal the dormant side of human adipose tissue. RESULTS Basic understanding about the molecular and structural aspect of human adipose tissue is necessary to employ it constructively. This review has nailed the productive usage of human adipose tissue, in a stepwise manner from exploring the methods of extracting derivatives, concerns during processing and its formulations to turning them into functional biomaterials. Their performance as functional biomaterials for skin regeneration, wound healing, soft tissue defects, stem cell and other regenerative therapies under in vitro and in vivo conditions emphasizes the translational efficiency of adipose tissue derivatives. CONCLUSION In the recent years, research interest has inclination towards constructive tissue engineering and regenerative therapies. Unravelling the maximum utilization of human adipose tissue derivatives paves a way for improving existing tissue regeneration and cellular based therapies and other biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Sankari Sharath
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India
| | - Janarthanan Ramu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India
| | - Shantikumar Vasudevan Nair
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India
| | - Subramaniya Iyer
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India
| | - Ullas Mony
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India.
| | - Jayakumar Rangasamy
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India.
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Chen Y, Lee K, Yang Y, Kawazoe N, Chen G. PLGA-collagen-ECM hybrid meshes mimicking stepwise osteogenesis and their influence on the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Biofabrication 2020; 12:025027. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab782b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Application of Acellular Tissue Matrix for Enhancement of Weak Abdominal Wall in Animal Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3475289. [PMID: 32258114 PMCID: PMC7091519 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3475289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Abdominal wall weakness occurs when the strength of muscle decreases due to physiological reason or iatrogenic injury. However, the treatment of this disease is complicated. Aim To study the therapeutic effect of acellular tissue matrix (ACTM), compared with the polypropylene mesh. Methods An abdominal wall weakness model was established in rabbits through motor nerves cutting. The polypropylene mesh and ACTM were implanted in the left and right abdomen sides, respectively. Mechanical testing of abdominal wall muscle and histology and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evaluation of abdominal tissue explants were performed. Results In animal model establishment, the abdominal length of healthy and weakened abdominal wall was 17.0 ± 0.7 cm and 19.0 ± 1.2 cm, respectively (P=0.022), and the weak abdominal wall group showed a significant decrease of 1.116 ± 0.221 MPa in tensile stress (P=0.022), and the weak abdominal wall group showed a significant decrease of 1.116 ± 0.221 MPa in tensile stress (P=0.022), and the weak abdominal wall group showed a significant decrease of 1.116 ± 0.221 MPa in tensile stress (P=0.022), and the weak abdominal wall group showed a significant decrease of 1.116 ± 0.221 MPa in tensile stress (P=0.022), and the weak abdominal wall group showed a significant decrease of 1.116 ± 0.221 MPa in tensile stress (P=0.022), and the weak abdominal wall group showed a significant decrease of 1.116 ± 0.221 MPa in tensile stress (P=0.022), and the weak abdominal wall group showed a significant decrease of 1.116 ± 0.221 MPa in tensile stress ( Conclusion The abdominal wall weakness model in rabbits was successfully established. ACTM is a promising biological material to be possibly further applied in clinical surgery in patients with abdominal wall weakness.
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Kokai LE, Sivak WN, Schilling BK, Karunamurthy A, Egro FM, Schusterman MA, Minteer DM, Simon P, D’Amico RA, Rubin JP. Clinical Evaluation of an Off-the-Shelf Allogeneic Adipose Matrix for Soft Tissue Reconstruction. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2020; 8:e2574. [PMID: 32095393 PMCID: PMC7015604 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000002574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials derived from human adipose extracellular matrix have shown promise in vitro and in animal studies as an off-the-shelf adipogenic matrix for sustained volume replacement. Herein, we report the results of a randomized prospective study conducted with allograft adipose matrix (AAM) grafted into the pannus of presurgical abdominoplasty patients 3 or 6 months before scheduled surgery. This is the first report of a longitudinal histologic analysis of AAM in clinical use. METHODS Ten healthy patients undergoing elective abdominoplasty were recruited to receive AAM before surgery. Enrolled subjects were randomized into either a 3-month follow-up cohort or a 6-month follow-up cohort. Subjects were monitored for adverse events associated with AAM grafting in addition to undergoing serial biopsy. Following surgical excision of the pannus, representative samples from the AAM surgical sites were stained and evaluated with hematoxylin and eosin for tissue morphology, Masson's trichrome for collagen, and perilipin for adipocytes. RESULTS All subjects tolerated AAM with no severe adverse events reported. At 3 months following implantation, AAM remained visible within the confines of the subjects' native surrounding adipose tissue with sparse adipocytes apparent within the matrix. By 6 months, AAM had remodeled and was primarily composed of perilipin-positive adipocytes. Histologic analysis confirmed tissue remodeling (hematoxylin and eosin), adipogenesis (perilipin), and angiogenesis (Masson's trichrome) occurred with the presence of AAM. CONCLUSIONS AAM is a safe, allogeneic, off-the-shelf regenerative matrix that is adipogenic and noninflammatory and promotes angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Kokai
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Wesley N. Sivak
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Benjamin K. Schilling
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | | | - Francesco M. Egro
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - M. Asher Schusterman
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Danielle M. Minteer
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Patsy Simon
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Richard A. D’Amico
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, N.Y
| | - J. Peter Rubin
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
- Division of Molecular & Genomic Pathology, Pittsburgh, Pa
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Human Adipose-Derived Hydrogel Characterization Based on In Vitro ASC Biocompatibility and Differentiation. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:9276398. [PMID: 32082388 PMCID: PMC7012213 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9276398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels serve as three-dimensional scaffolds whose composition can be customized to allow attachment and proliferation of several different cell types. Extracellular matrix-derived hydrogels are considered close replicates of the tissue microenvironment. They can serve as scaffolds for in vitro tissue engineering and are a useful tool to study cell-scaffold interaction. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) and decellularized adipose tissue-derived (DAT) hydrogel interaction on ASC morphology, proliferation, differentiation, and DAT hydrogel microstructure. First, the ASCs were characterized using flow cytometry, adipogenic/osteogenic differentiation, colony-forming unit fibroblast assay and doubling time. The viability and proliferation assays showed that ASCs seeded in DAT hydrogel at different concentrations and cultured for 21 days remained viable and displayed proliferation. ASCs were seeded on DAT hydrogel and cultured in stromal, adipogenic, or osteogenic media for 14 or 28 days. The analysis of adipogenic differentiation demonstrated the upregulation of adipogenic marker genes and accumulation of oil droplets in the cells. Osteogenic differentiation demonstrated the upregulation of osteogenic marker genes and mineral deposition in the DAT hydrogel. The analysis of DAT hydrogel fiber metrics revealed that ASC seeding, and differentiation altered both the diameter and arrangement of fibers in the matrix. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity was assessed to determine the possible mechanism for DAT hydrogel remodeling. MMP-2 activity was observed in all ASC seeded samples, with the osteogenic samples displaying the highest MMP-2 activity. These findings indicate that DAT hydrogel is a cytocompatible scaffold that supports the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of ASCs. Furthermore, the attachment of ASCs and differentiation along adipogenic and osteogenic lineages remodels the microstructure of DAT hydrogel.
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Lin M, Ge J, Wang X, Dong Z, Xing M, Lu F, He Y. Biochemical and biomechanical comparisions of decellularized scaffolds derived from porcine subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue. J Tissue Eng 2019; 10:2041731419888168. [PMID: 31762987 PMCID: PMC6856974 DOI: 10.1177/2041731419888168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) is a promising biomaterial for adipose tissue
engineering. However, there is a lack of research of DAT prepared from
xenogeneic porcine adipose tissue. This study aimed to compare the adipogenic
ability of DAT derived from porcine subcutaneous (SDAT) and visceral adipose
tissue (VDAT). The retention of key collagen in decellularized matrix was
analysed to study the biochemical properties of SDAT and VDAT. For the
biomechanical study, both DAT materials were fabricated into three-dimensional
(3D) porous scaffolds for rheology and compressive tests. Human adipose-derived
stem cells (ADSCs) were cultured on both scaffolds to further investigate the
effect of matrix stiffness on cellular morphology and on adipogenic
differentiation. ADSCs cultured on soft VDAT exhibited significantly reduced
cellular area and upregulated adipogenic markers compared to those cultured on
SDAT. In vivo results revealed higher adipose regeneration in the VDAT compared
to the SDAT. This study further demonstrated that the relative expression of
collagen IV and laminin was significantly higher in VDAT than in SDAT, while the
collagen I expression and matrix stiffness of SDAT was significantly higher in
comparison to VDAT. This result suggested that porcine adipose tissue could
serve as a promising candidate for preparing DAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maohui Lin
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jinbo Ge
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xuecen Wang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ziqing Dong
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Malcolm Xing
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering, and Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yunfan He
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Mohiuddin OA, Campbell B, Poche JN, Ma M, Rogers E, Gaupp D, Harrison MAA, Bunnell BA, Hayes DJ, Gimble JM. Decellularized Adipose Tissue Hydrogel Promotes Bone Regeneration in Critical-Sized Mouse Femoral Defect Model. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:211. [PMID: 31552237 PMCID: PMC6743019 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical-sized bone defects fail to heal and often cause non-union. Standard treatments employ autologous bone grafting, which can cause donor tissue loss/pain. Although several scaffold types can enhance bone regeneration, multiple factors limit their level of success. To address this issue, this study evaluated a novel decellularized human adipose tissue (DAT) hydrogel as an alternative. In this study, DAT hydrogel alone, or in combination with adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASC), osteo-induced ASCs (OIASC), and hydroxyapatite were tested for their ability to mediate repair of a critical-sized (3 mm) femoral defect created in C57BL/6 mice. Micro-computed tomography results showed that all DAT hydrogel treated groups significantly enhanced bone regeneration, with OIASC + hydroxyapatite treated group displaying the most robust bone regeneration. Histological analyses revealed that all treatments resulted in significantly higher tissue areas with the relative mineralized tissue area significantly increased at 12 weeks; however, cartilaginous content was lowest among treatment groups with OIASC. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that DAT hydrogel enhanced collagen I and osteopontin expression, while the addition of OIASCs to the hydrogel reduced collagen II levels. Thus, DAT hydrogel promotes bone regeneration in a critical-sized femoral defect model that is further enhanced in the presence of OIASCs and hydroxyapatite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omair A Mohiuddin
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Brett Campbell
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - J Nick Poche
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Michelle Ma
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Obatala Sciences, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Emma Rogers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Dina Gaupp
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Mark A A Harrison
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Bruce A Bunnell
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Daniel J Hayes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
| | - Jeffrey M Gimble
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States.,LaCell LLC, New Orleans, LA, United States
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Chun SY, Lim JO, Lee EH, Han MH, Ha YS, Lee JN, Kim BS, Park MJ, Yeo M, Jung B, Kwon TG. Preparation and Characterization of Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Extracellular Matrix, Growth Factors, and Stem Cells: A Concise Review. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 16:385-393. [PMID: 31413942 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-019-00199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human adipose tissue is routinely discarded as medical waste. However, this tissue may have valuable clinical applications since methods have been devised to effectively isolate adipose-derived extracellular matrix (ECM), growth factors (GFs), and stem cells. In this review, we analyze the literature that devised these methods and then suggest an optimal method based on their characterization results. Methods Methods that we analyze in this article include: extraction of adipose tissue, decellularization, confirmation of decellularization, identification of residual active ingredients (ECM, GFs, and cells), removal of immunogens, and comparing structural/physiological/biochemical characteristics of active ingredients. Results Human adipose ECMs are composed of collagen type I-VII, laminin, fibronectin, elastin, and glycosaminoglycan (GAG). GFs immobilized in GAG include basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-b1), insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), BMP4 (bone morphogenetic protein 4), nerve growth factor (NGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and epithermal growth factor (EGF). Stem cells in the stromal-vascular fraction display mesenchymal markers, self-renewal gene expression, and multi-differentiation potential. Conclusion Depending on the preparation method, the volume, biological activity, and physical properties of ECM, GFs, and adipose tissue-derived cells can vary. Thus, the optimal preparation method is dependent on the intended application of the adipose tissue-derived products.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Chun
- 1BioMedical Research Institute, Joint Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41940 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ok Lim
- 1BioMedical Research Institute, Joint Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41940 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hye Lee
- 2Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944 Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Hoon Han
- 2Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944 Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sok Ha
- 3Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944 Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Nyung Lee
- 3Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944 Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Soo Kim
- 3Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944 Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Park
- 4Medical Device Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Cheombok-ro 80, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41061 Republic of Korea
| | - MyungGu Yeo
- 4Medical Device Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Cheombok-ro 80, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41061 Republic of Korea
| | - Bongsu Jung
- 4Medical Device Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Cheombok-ro 80, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41061 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gyun Kwon
- 3Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944 Republic of Korea
- 5Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, 807 Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404 Republic of Korea
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Decellularized Adipose Tissue: Biochemical Composition, in vivo Analysis and Potential Clinical Applications. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1212:57-70. [PMID: 30989589 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Decellularized tissues are gaining popularity as scaffolds for tissue engineering; they allow cell attachment, proliferation, differentiation, and are non-immunogenic. Adipose tissue is an abundant resource that can be decellularized and converted in to a bio-scaffold. Several methods have been developed for adipose tissue decellularization, typically starting with freeze thaw cycles, followed by washes with hypotonic/hypertonic sodium chloride solution, isopropanol, detergent (SDS, SDC and Triton X-100) and trypsin digestion. After decellularization, decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) can be converted into a powder, solution, foam, or sheet to allow for convenient subcutaneous implantation or to repair external injuries. Additionally, DAT bio-ink can be used to 3D print structures that closely resemble physiological tissues and organs. Proteomic analysis of DAT reveals that it is composed of collagens (I, III, IV, VI and VII), glycosaminoglycans, laminin, elastin, and fibronectin. It has also been found to retain growth factors like VEGF and bFGF after decellularization. DAT inherently promotes adipogenesis when seeded with adipose stem cells in vitro, and when DAT is implanted subcutaneously it is capable of recruiting host stem cells and forming adipose tissue in rodents. Furthermore, DAT has promoted healing in rat models of full-thickness skin wounds and peripheral nerve injury. These findings suggest that DAT is a promising candidate for repair of soft tissue defects, and is suitable for breast reconstruction post-mastectomy, wound healing, and adipose tissue regeneration. Moreover, since DAT's form and stiffness can be altered by physicochemical manipulation, it may prove suitable for engineering of additional soft and hard tissues.
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Tissue-Engineered Grafts from Human Decellularized Extracellular Matrices: A Systematic Review and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124117. [PMID: 30567407 PMCID: PMC6321114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine involve many different artificial and biologic materials, frequently integrated in composite scaffolds, which can be repopulated with various cell types. One of the most promising scaffolds is decellularized allogeneic extracellular matrix (ECM) then recellularized by autologous or stem cells, in order to develop fully personalized clinical approaches. Decellularization protocols have to efficiently remove immunogenic cellular materials, maintaining the nonimmunogenic ECM, which is endowed with specific inductive/differentiating actions due to its architecture and bioactive factors. In the present paper, we review the available literature about the development of grafts from decellularized human tissues/organs. Human tissues may be obtained not only from surgery but also from cadavers, suggesting possible development of Human Tissue BioBanks from body donation programs. Many human tissues/organs have been decellularized for tissue engineering purposes, such as cartilage, bone, skeletal muscle, tendons, adipose tissue, heart, vessels, lung, dental pulp, intestine, liver, pancreas, kidney, gonads, uterus, childbirth products, cornea, and peripheral nerves. In vitro recellularizations have been reported with various cell types and procedures (seeding, injection, and perfusion). Conversely, studies about in vivo behaviour are poorly represented. Actually, the future challenge will be the development of human grafts to be implanted fully restored in all their structural/functional aspects.
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